Making reading accessible

Making reading accessible

How can you read if you can't see the text or turn a page, or if you see a jumble of letters? Many ways! It's a matter of adapting the format of the content so you can use it, with a little help from technology.

A matter of choice - one size does not fit all

Format and reading technology are a personal choice. One size does not fit all, or even one - the same person might choose different ways to read depending on the situation.

Smartphone

Choice can depend on the:

  • Specific nature of a person's print disability. For example: degree of vision loss, range of motion, multiple disabilities.
  • Purpose of reading. For example - leisure or study.
  • Person’s skills. For example - comfort level with technology.
  • Individual preferences. For example - human or synthetic voice.
     

A public library's CELA service offers access to a range of alternative formats to meet these needs.

Read about all of our accessible formats.

Adapting reading for different types of print disability

Here are some things you can do to adapt reading for different types of print disabilities.

Visual disability

Areas of difficulty:
  • Seeing text or images (all or partial)
  • Focusing or moving the eyes
     
Adaptations:
  • Magnify print materials
  • Scan print materials and convert to e-text
  • Manipulate e-text using adaptive software (for example - zoom, highlight, convert to speech or braille)
  • Listen to an audio version
  • Read by touch (braille, tactile images)
  • Watch video with an audio description of on-screen action (descriptive video)

 

Visual disability

Physical disability

Areas of difficulty:
  • Holding print materials
  • Manipulating print materials (turning pages, for example)
     

Adaptations:

  • Use assistive device to turn pages of print materials
  • Read e-text or listen to audio using adaptive software or a device that requires limited motion and strength to operate (for example - switch access)

 

 

Physical disability

Learning disability

Areas of difficulty:
  • Comprehending text - for example:
  • Dyslexia - decoding letter combinations, recognizing common words
  • Interpreting visual information - distinguishing between letters like 'h' and 'n', for example
     
Adaptations:
  • Manipulate e-text using adaptive software (for example - use text to speech; use Open Dyslexic Font; highlight phonemes, words or sentences as you read)
  • Listen to an audio version

 

Learning disability

Adaptive reading technology

Adaptive reading technology ranges from handheld magnifiers to highly customizable software. One technology often incorporates others. For example - text to speech is often built in to DAISY readers, magnifiers and braille displays.

What works with our books? Check our Compatible devices and formats page.

Types of adaptive reading technology

DAISY readers

Description:

A DAISY reader is a device or software that plays books in DAISY format. DAISY lets you navigate.

Using the buttons on a DAISY reader, you can navigate by heading, phrase, index and more. (Just think of trying to look up a recipe in a cookbook without it!)

A DAISY reader can play audio and convert text to speech.

DAISY players are specially designed for people with disabilities and have features such as large high-contrast buttons, sound cues, tone and speed adjustment, and a sleep timer.

They also work with mainstream media such as regular audio CDs and MP3.

Some popular examples:

 

Plextalk Desktop

Text to speech

Description:

Text to speech (TTS) is technology that converts digital text into audio.

A "screen reader" uses TTS to read the information on a  screen aloud. It announces the text in a linear way, from left to right and top to bottom of the screen.

On a computer, a screen reader also lets you navigate by headings, links and other markers.

On mobile devices with a touch screen, it announces the text in the area you're touching.

Windows, Mac, iOS and Android devices come with screen readers. You can also purchase standalone software that supports a higher degree of customization.

Some popular examples:
Dolphin EasyReader

Magnifiers

Description:

High-power magnifiers such as Closed Caption TVs (CCTVs) let you enlarge print text to many times the size of the original.

On a computer or mobile device, screen magnification software lets you increase the size of the text, change font and customize colours to help you see better.

It can also highlight the words as you go and may include a screen reader.

Some popular examples:

 

Magnifier

Literacy support software

Description:

Literacy support software can help you focus and decode text.

For example, it can bring an area of text to the foreground, read the text aloud, and highlight phonemes or words as you go.

The software may also have support for reading comprehension, writing and studying.

Some popular examples:

 

Literacy support software

Braille displays

Description:

A refreshable braille display is a device with 'pins' that move up and down through holes to replicate the six dots in a series of braille 'cells'. Displays vary in size from 20 to 80 cells.

The device 'refreshes' to display the next cells as you go. It can interpret braille in a digital format 'Braille Ready Format (BRF)' or convert e-text to braille.

A braille display can stand alone or connect to a computer or mobile device.

Some popular examples:

 

Brailliant