Service Alert
July 1 - Canada Day
CELA will be closed on Tuesday, July 1st for Canada Day. Our office will reopen and our Contact Centre services will resume on Wednesday, July 2nd. Enjoy your holiday!
CELA will be closed on Tuesday, July 1st for Canada Day. Our office will reopen and our Contact Centre services will resume on Wednesday, July 2nd. Enjoy your holiday!
Showing 1 - 20 of 20762 items
By David Last, Marzena Żakowska. 2025
This book explores the challenges small states face in navigating the complexities of modern war, particularly within the ambiguous Grey…
Zones where the boundaries between peace and conflict blur.This book addresses the multifaceted challenges of policy, strategy, operations, and tactics, providing valuable insights into how small states can deter and manage violence. It highlights the vital role of international organizations, alliance‑building, cyber operations, information warfare, lawfare, and the balance of power. Additionally, it tackles the issue of strengthening state security and fostering social cohesion in the face of Grey Zone threats. A distinctive feature of this book is the inclusion of innovative design problems developed to assist small states in navigating complex security landscapes with both practical and strategic approaches.This book will be essential reading for security practitioners and military professionals and of great interest to students of security studies, defense studies, and international relations.By Christie Majoros, Maria Bonet Donato, Julia Pavón Benito. 2025
This book features a collection of essays that focus on the Hospitallers’ relations with others through military, social, and political…
channels within the broader Euro‑Mediterranean region. Centered on Hospitaller settlement and activities in Rhodes and their European priories, this study highlights the various encounters made possible by the far‑reaching and international character of the Order’s activities. In addition to examining Hospitaller encounters and relationships with those outside the Order, this collection also includes essays that explore the internal workings of Hospitaller priories and the Central Convent of the Order during periods of change and expansion, revealing a propensity for continual adaptation and reinvention. Hospitallers and Others: Military and Social Encounters will appeal to scholars and students alike, providing a deeper understanding of the social, military, spiritual, and institutional transformation of the Hospitallers during the medieval period.This book critically examines the evolution of protection practices in UN peace operations over the past two decades.Protecting civilians has…
become central to the work of contemporary UN peace operations, yet the ability of peacekeepers to offer meaningful levels of protection to vulnerable civilians in conflict zones remains highly circumscribed. Focusing on the implementation of protection of civilians (PoC) mandates across three high-profile UN missions – UNMISS in South Sudan, MONUSCO in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and MINUSCA in the Central African Republic – this study asks who precisely UN peacekeepers protect and how they go about protecting them. Drawing on the key distinction between coercive and non-coercive protection strategies, this book examines how peacekeepers have struggled to translate ambitious and far-reaching protection mandates into effective protection practices in some of the world’s most dangerous and difficult conflict contexts. This book will be of much interest to students of peacekeeping, civilian protection, African politics, war studies and security studies.This book investigates the framing of the terrorist threat in France from 2015 to 2020 as an ‘exceptional’ challenge which…
requires a ‘special’ public security response.The book examines how French political actors framed the terrorist threat in French political discourse from an exceptional challenge to a permanent, routine threat. It provides an in-depth critical discourse analysis of the French political narratives surrounding the activation of the ‘état d’urgence’ (state of emergency) following the 2015 Charlie Hebdo and Paris terrorist attacks, and traces this narrative until 2020. The study explores the securitisation-desecuritisation framework, showing how the normalisation of emergency powers reflects the ongoing (re)construction of terrorism within French political contexts. The work demonstrates the importance of threat framing and the securitisation of terrorism by considering the colonial legacies embedded in French counterterrorism (CT) policies. By investigating the intersection of CT political discourse, temporality, and colonial continuity, the book challenges traditional notions of exceptionalism in securitisation. It argues that the routinisation of counterterrorism measures highlights the impossibility of fully desecuritising terrorism (re-establishing the status quo), revealing how these measures are deeply rooted in France’s colonial past.This book will be of interest to students of Terrorism Studies, Critical Security Studies, French politics, and International Relations.By Sara Reardon. 2025
'A transformative guide to understanding and caring for the often-overlooked pelvic floor. A must-read for reclaiming comfort, dignity, and vitality'…
DR MARY-CLAIRE HAVER'should be required reading for everyone with a pelvic floor - which is everyone' Professor Emily OsterThe definitive guide to pelvic floor health, written by pelvic floor physical therapist and creator of the Vagina Whisperer, Dr Sara Reardon.Too many women put up with pelvic floor discomfort, thinking their symptoms are 'just part of motherhood and aging'. And for far too long, our health care system has normalized pelvic problems, leaving women feeling hopeless, ashamed and suffering in silence. Board-certified pelvic floor physical therapist Dr Sara Reardon helps women prevent and overcome common pelvic floor issues so they can trust and enjoy their bodies again.Floored is a rallying cry for women's health and the authoritative guide for the pelvic floor, a critical group of muscles involved in day-to-day functions, from wee-ing and poo-ing and sex and childbirth to menstruation and menopause. Whether you're navigating post-partum recovery, seeking relief from urinary incontinence or aiming to enhance sexual pleasure, this comprehensive resource provides the insights and strategies every woman needs.Inside the pages of this book, you will find:Education on pelvic floor anatomy and its critical role in your overall health. Practical advice for pelvic floor self-assessment and signs of potential issues.Exercises to strengthen, rehabilitate and maintain pelvic floor health across different life stages.Tips for treating common pelvic floor symptoms, such as involuntary urine leakage and painful sex.With clear and engaging guidance, Dr Reardon demystifies the complexities of pelvic floor care and provides everything you need to ensure your pelvic well-being.Learn about a variety of topics related to pelvic floor health, including:MenopauseMenstruationPregnancy and childbirthPostpartum carePainful sexIncontinence and prolapseVaginal hygieneThe time to take control of your pelvic health is now.By David Hagberg, Boris Gindin. 2008
The amazing true story behind the mutiny that inspired Tom Clancy's The Hunt for Red October, by USA Today bestselling…
author David Hagberg and Boris Gindin, a Senior Lieutenant in the Russian navy, who stopped the mutiny and lived to tell about it. In 1984, Tom Clancy released his blockbuster novel, The Hunt for Red October, an edge-of-your seat thriller that skyrocketed him into international notoriety. The inspiration for that novel came from an obscure report by a US naval officer of a mutiny aboard a Soviet warship in the Baltic Sea. The Hunt for Red October actually happened, and Boris Gindin lived through every minute of it. After decades of silence and fear, Gindin has finally come forward to tell the entire story of the mutiny aboard the FFG Storozhevoy, the real-life Red October.It was the fall of 1975, and the tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States were climbing. It seemed the two nations were headed for thermonuclear war, and it was that fear that caused most of the crewman of the FFG Storozhevoy to mutiny. Their goal was to send a message to the Soviet people that the Communist government was corrupt and major changes were needed. That message never reached a single person. Within hours the orders came from on high to destroy the Storozhevoy and its crew members. And this would have happened if it weren't for Gindin and few others whose heroism saved many lives.Now, with the help of USA Today bestselling author David Hagberg, Gindin relives every minute of that harrowing event. From the danger aboard the ship to the threats of death from the KGB to the fear that forced him to flee the Soviet Union for the United States, Mutiny reveals the real-life story behind The Hunt for Red October and offers an eye-opening look at the Soviet Union during the height of the Cold War.At the Publisher's request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.By Lewis H. Carlson. 2002
Remembered Prisoners of a Forgotten War presents a devastating oral history of Korean War POWs.The Korean War POW remains the…
most maligned victim of all American wars. For nearly half a century, the media, general public, and even scholars have described hundreds of these prisoners as "brainwashed" victims who uncharacteristically caved in to their Communist captors or, even worse, as turncoats who betrayed their fellow soldiers. In either case, these boys apparently lacked the "right stuff" required of our brave sons.Here, at long last, is a chance to hear the true story of these courageous men in their own words-- a story that, until now, has gone largely untold. Dr. Carlson debunks many of the popular myths of Korean War POWs in this devastating oral history that's as compelling and moving as it is informative. From the Tiger Death March to the paranoia here at home, Korean POWs suffered injustices on a scale few can comprehend. More than 40 percent of the 7,140 Americans taken prisoner died in captivity, and as haunting tales of the survivors unfold, it becomes clear that the goal of these men was simply to survive under the most terrible conditions.Each survivor's story is a unique and personal experience, from missionary teacher Larry Zeller's imprisonment in the death cells of P'yongyang and his first encounter with the infamous killer known as The Tiger, to Rubin Townsend's daring escape from a death march by jumping off a bridge in a blinding snowstorm. From capture to forced marches, isolation, permanent camps, and torture, Remembered Prisoners of a Forgotten War is one of the most fascinating and disturbing books on the Korean War in years-- and a brutally honest account of the Korean POW experience, in the survivors' own words.By John Wukovits. 2010
The definitive biography of America's best-known naval officer, who commanded the legendary fast carrier force during WWII.From the tragic aftermath…
of Pearl Harbor, when he fashioned America's first response to the attack, to the war's final day in Tokyo Bay when he witnessed Japan's surrender, Admiral William F. Halsey stamped a mighty imprint on the Pacific during World War II. He led or participated significantly in the Navy's first offensive strikes against the Marshall Islands and Wake Island, the Guadalcanal campaign, and the offensive toward Japan. As a commander, he never shied from engaging the enemy, but boldly entered into battle, ready for a fight. As a consequence, Halsey became the face of the Navy and its most attractive public relations phenomenon. Due to his bold tactics and quotable wit, Halsey continues to be a beloved and debated figure.In this balanced biography, historian John Wukovits illuminates the life of a man who ultimately deserves recognition as one the great naval commanders in U.S. history. Europe had Patton; the Pacific had Admiral William "the Bull" Halsey.Jim Michaels's A Chance in Hell presents the riveting account of how one brigade turned Iraq's most violent city into…
a model of stability.Colonel Sean MacFarland arrived in Iraq's deadliest city with simple instructions: pacify Ramadi without destroying it. The odds were against him from the start. By 2006, insurgents roamed freely in many parts of the city in open defiance of Iraq's U.S.-backed government. Al-Qaeda had boldly declared Ramadi its capital. Even the U.S. military acknowledged that the province would be the last to be pacified.MacFarland laid out a bold plan. His soldiers would take on the insurgents in their own backyard. He set up combat outposts in the city's most dangerous neighborhoods. Snipers roamed the back alleys, killing al-Qaeda leaders and terrorist cells. U.S. tanks rumbled down the streets, firing point-blank into buildings occupied by insurgents. MacFarland's brigade engaged in some of the bloodiest street fighting of the war. Casualties on both sides mounted. Al-Qaeda wasn't going to give up easily--Ramadi was too important. MacFarland wasn't going to back down, either.A Chance in Hell tells how a handful of men turned the tide of war at a time when it appeared all hope was lost.By Leslie Morgan Steiner. 2013
From the New York Times bestselling author of Crazy Love comes a riveting new narrative about surrogate pregnancy from both…
sides of the equation—the parents and the gestational carrier.Once considered a desperate, even morally suspect option, surrogacy is now sweeping headlines, transforming the lives of celebrity mothers and fathers like Sarah Jessica Parker, Nicole Kidman and Elton John, and changing the face of motherhood and the American family. But how much do we really know about it? And is it really as easy and accessible – emotionally, financially, legally and physically – as magazines make it out to be? We often hear about successful outcomes, but little about the journey – about the precious hope that starts it all, the ups and downs of finding a surrogate, the heartache and obstacles, the risks and expenses at every step, or the unbelievable joy when years of determination pay off. In The Baby Chase, acclaimed writer Leslie Morgan Steiner weaves three stories together — of a nurse, a firefighter, and the Indian gestational carriers and doctors who helped them — to provide one intensely personal look at what makes surrogacy so controversial, fascinating, and in some cases, the only ray of hope for today's infertile parents-to-be.Rhonda Wile and her husband Gerry struggled for years with infertility. With perseverance that shocked everyone around them, they tried every procedure and option available – unsuccessfully – until they finally decided to hire a surrogate. While surrogacy was being touted as a miracle for hopeful parents, for Rhonda and Gerry, it seemed an impossible and unaffordable dream. Until they came across the beaming smile of a beautiful Indian woman on the internet… and, within a few short months, embarked on a journey that would take them deep into the emerging world of Indian carriers, international medical tourism, and the global surrogacy community.Moving, page-turning, and meticulously researched, this complex human story is paired with an examination of the issues—religious, legal, medical and emotional—that shapes surrogacy as a solution both imperfect and life-changing.By Walter J. Boyne. 2002
Walter J. Boyne's The Two O'Clock War is a spellbinding chronicle of the international chess game that was played out…
in October 1973. It is a story of diplomacy and military might that accounts for many of the dilemmas faced in the present-day Middle East. It's usually called the Yom Kippur War. Or sometimes the October War. The players that surround it are familiar: Sadat and Mubarak, Meir and Sharon, Nixon and Kissinger, Brezhnev and Dobyrnin. It was a war that brought Arab and Jew into vicious conflict. A war in which Israel almost unleashed her nuclear arsenal and set two superpowers on a treacherous course of nuclear escalation. And a war that eventually brought peace. But a peace fraught with delicate tensions, disputed borders, and a legacy of further bloodshed.This is a war that Israel never thought was possible. Surprised by the fury and excellent execution of the Arab onslaught, and perhaps more than a little complacent, Israel suddenly found itself on the point of losing a war because of a lack of ammunition, planes and tanks. The United States, after much vacillation, finally elected to help Israel, beginning a tremendous airlift (code name: Operation Nickel Grass) which incurred the wrath of the Arab states, and their sponsor, the Soviet Union. Fortunately, the airlift came just in time for Israeli ground forces to stabilize their positions and eventually turn the tide in the Sinai and Golan Heights. And it was all made possible by an operation that dwarfed the Berlin Airlift and the Soviets' simultaneous efforts in Egypt and Syria.The Two O'Clock War is bound to become the definitive history of a war that quite literally approached Armageddon.By Walter J. Boyne. 2003
From the New York Times bestselling author of Weapons of Desert Storm comes Walter J. Boyne's Operation Iraqi Freedom.No war…
has ever had the intensive media coverage of the 2003 war in Iraq, and none has ever had such monumental second-guessing. Months before the war began, domestic and international pundits painted a gloomy picture of a new Vietnam or of a nuclear Armageddon that would see Israel reduced to ruins.The war started with a brilliant series of pre-emptive bangs that shattered Iraqi leadership and seized the most valuable areas of Iraq. How did the US military machine, assumed to have insufficient air power, too few troops, and little momentum take a country the size of California within three weeks?In the 1991 victory in the Gulf War, the United States lead a much larger coalition force into a heavy air campaign followed by a lightening quick ground campaign. In the years that followed, the United States military experienced a continuing series of reductions in the national defense budget.What was left unrecorded was the incredible degree of competence with which the US military leadership managed the reduction in resources, balancing force structures against personnel requirements against procurement needs and logistic realities.Any one considering the great military victory achieved in Iraq must ask the following questions: Who was bright enough to plan to have the weapons systems in the right place at the right time? Who orchestrated this vast complex array of sophisticated military machinery-ships, submarines, missiles, armor, and soldiers-all needing fuel, ammunition and water?The answer is the much-maligned civil and military leaders of the American defense establishment, working in concert with the most advanced defense-based corporations in the world. While there were those anxious to parade the iniquities of a two-billion dollar bomber, most often failed to appreciated the genius required to conceive of, much less create a system which can use a satellite to send signals to a B-1B to program a precision guided missile to take out a Soviet T-72 tank parked in a mosque-without damaging the mosque!Admittedly, there were lapses in the Iraqi war, such as the looting of museums by members of the Ba'ath party just a day after many had declared Baghdad liberated and the raids on hospitals, another problem that could have easily been remedied by a show of U.S. presence and force. And there were technological complications as well, including the aching misfortune of death by friendly fire. The author deals with these shortcomings in a straightforward manner.Operation Iraqi Freedom: What Went Right and Why; What Went Wrong and Why gives intimate insight into the way in which the armed services, particularly the United States Air Force, managed to overcome genuine budgetary, political, and military difficulties to create the finest military force in the world, one that operated with the most extreme care to avoid collateral damage and to prevent loss of life.At the Publisher's request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.By Jack Kelly. 2023
Finalist, New England Book Awards"Vivid." —The Wall Street Journal"A dazzling addition to the history of the American Revolution." ―Kirkus Review…
(starred)"Finally... a full and fascinating portrait of a true hero of the American Revolution, until he was visited by villainy. A riveting read." ―Tom Clavin, New York Times bestselling author of Follow Me to HellBenedict Arnold committed treason— for more than two centuries, that’s all that most Americans have known about him.Yet Arnold was much more than a turncoat—his achievements during the early years of the Revolutionary War defined him as the most successful soldier of the era. GOD SAVE BENEDICT ARNOLD tells the gripping story of Arnold’s rush of audacious feats—his capture of Fort Ticonderoga, his Maine mountain expedition to attack Quebec, the famous artillery brawl at Valcour Island, the turning-point battle at Saratoga—that laid the groundwork for our independence.Arnold was a superb leader, a brilliant tactician, a supremely courageous military officer. He was also imperfect, disloyal, villainous. One of the most paradoxical characters in American history, and one of the most interesting. GOD SAVE BENEDICT ARNOLD does not exonerate him for his treason—the stain on his character is permanent. But Kelly’s insightful exploration of Arnold’s career as a warrior shines a new light on this gutsy, fearless, and enigmatic figure. In the process, the book offers a fresh perspective on the reasons for Arnold’s momentous change of heart.By Jack Kelly. 2021
The wild and suspenseful story of one of the most crucial and least known campaigns of the Revolutionary War "Vividly…
written... In novelistic prose, Kelly conveys the starkness of close-quarter naval warfare." —The Wall Street Journal"Few know of the valor and courage of Benedict Arnold... With such a dramatic main character, the story of the Battle of Valcour is finally seen as one of the most exciting and important of the American Revolution." —Tom Clavin author of Dodge CityDuring the summer of 1776, a British incursion from Canada loomed. In response, citizen soldiers of the newly independent nation mounted a heroic defense. Patriots constructed a small fleet of gunboats on Lake Champlain in northern New York and confronted the Royal Navy in a desperate three-day battle near Valcour Island. Their effort surprised the arrogant British and forced the enemy to call off their invasion.Jack Kelly's Valcour is a story of people. The northern campaign of 1776 was led by the underrated general Philip Schuyler (Hamilton's father-in-law), the ambitious former British officer Horatio Gates, and the notorious Benedict Arnold. An experienced sea captain, Arnold devised a brilliant strategy that confounded his slow-witted opponents.America’s independence hung in the balance during 1776. Patriots endured one defeat after another. But two events turned the tide: Washington’s bold attack on Trenton and the equally audacious fight at Valcour Island. Together, they stunned the enemy and helped preserve the cause of liberty.By Neil Sinclair. 2014
In your hand is an indispensable pocket-sized training manual for new dads. Written by ex-Commando and father of three, Neil…
Sinclair, this no-nonsense guide will teach you how to prepare base camp for your baby trooper’s arrival, survive the first 24 hours, establish feeding/sleeping routines, and much, much more. Let training commence!By Claudia Friddell. 2025
How did a young lady from a wealthy family in Maryland end up as the Gestapo&’s most wanted spy? This…
YA biography of Virginia Hall, World War II&’s most successful female spy, will inspire reluctant readers and budding history buffs alike.Virginia Hall, known to her family as &“Dindy,&” was an athletic, outdoorsy girl who dreamed of joining the foreign service and becoming an ambassador. Despite numerous setbacks, including losing her leg to gangrene after an accident, Virginia never wavered in her determination to serve her country. After the outbreak of World War II, a chance meeting on a train changed her life—George Bellows, an agent of the British Special Operations Executive, recruited her as one of its first women agents. Working for Allied intelligence services in France, Virginia Hall organized French resistance fighters, performed daring rescues, and provided the Allies with intelligence that was key for ousting the Nazis and earned her numerous medals, including the US Army&’s Distinguished Service Cross.With chapters titled for each of the many aliases and nicknames used by Virginia Hall, this book takes readers through her extraordinary life and her evolution as a resistance fighter and intelligence operative. Award-winning author Claudia Friddell brings Virginia Hall&’s bravery, intelligence, and determination to life in this thoroughly researched and photo-filled biography endorsed by Hall&’s family.INSPIRATION FOR HOW TO CREATE A LIFE OF PURPOSE, NO WOMAN LEFT BEHIND IS THE UNLIKELY STORY OF HOW ONE…
WOMAN LEAVES MADISON AVENUE AND TACKLES THE GLOBAL MATERNAL HEALTH CRISIS HEAD ON—PREFACED BY A POWERFUL FOREWORD BY BEST-SELLING AUTHOR ABRAHAM VERGHESE. 2025 International Book Award Winner in Autobiography/Memoir &“In this rousing debut, Grant demonstrates how the faith and actions of a small group of people can save the world.&”—BookLife Reviews, Editor&’s Pick &“A call to action for compassionate advocates, and a stunning tale of how deeds triumph over platitudes.&”—Dr. Denis Mukwege, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize The day a woman gives birth is also the day she is most likely to die or suffer severe injury—a sobering reality that comes into sharp focus when Kate Grant visits the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital in Ethiopia&’s capital. There, she sees row after row of beds occupied by young women afflicted with obstetric fistula, a childbirth injury that leaves them incontinent and too often shunned by their communities, modern-day lepers. She soon learns that surgery is the only way to end their suffering. In No Woman Left Behind, Grant recounts her decision to abandon a promising advertising career, and the ups and downs of building Silicon Valley–based Fistula Foundation from a modest start-up into the global leader in fistula treatment. Through vivid firsthand accounts of surgeons toiling in remote corners of Africa and Asia, we see inside the fight to restore hope to some of the world&’s most vulnerable women. A compassionate army of donors spanning nearly 70 countries makes such life-changing care possible. Grant demonstrates the profound power of individual action to change lives at scale, since Fistula Foundation takes no government money. No Woman Left Behind is a compelling personal journey and a how-to guide for anyone looking to make a lasting difference in the lives of others. 100% of the net proceeds received by Fistula Foundation from this audiobook will be made available by the Fistula Foundation to Fistula Foundation.By U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. 2025
"The National Veterans Golden Age Games (NVGAG) encourages Veterans age 55 and over, enrolled in the Department of Veterans Affairs…
(VA), to make physical activity a central part of their lives and support VA's comprehensive recreation and rehabilitation therapy programs. It is a national showcase for the preventive and therapeutic value of sports, fitness, and recreation for all older Americans. The following qualifying procedures and rules of competition for the 2025 National Veterans Golden Age Games are based upon those set forth by the recognized National Governing Body (NGB) for each sport. In the best interest of the athletes, modifications, and variances of these rules and regulations are permitted as outlined in the rulebook." -- Provided by publisherBy Sue Christian, Meg Christian. 2014
You’ve been blessed with a pregnancy and can’t wait to hold your baby in your arms. As you prepare to…
be a mother—again or for the very first time—these short, inspirational readings will help you grow your spiritual life even as new life grows inside you.A Blessing on the Way is an attractive devotional that provides expectant mothers with an encouraging message for each day, as they count down the 280 days until the birth of their child. Each daily devotion features a short inspirational thought or quotation as well as a passage of Scripture. Additional pages are included with space for moms to record their personal thoughts and reflections as they prepare for the adventure of a lifetime.By Tancred Bradshaw. 2025
This book examines the relationship between Britain and Oman since the end of the Second World War up until the…
Iranian revolution. Particular focus is given to the political and economic development of the state, together with Britain’s various overt and covert interventions, principally in the three decades between 1945 and 1975. The author addresses themes which have previously been unexplored in the literature on Oman and British Imperialism in the Arabian Peninsula, such as the establishment of the Sultan’s Armed Forces, and the impact of the oil industry. The book shows that Sultan Said bin Taymur (r. 1932-1970) enjoyed considerable ‘agency’ in his relations with the British who found it very difficult to persuade him to implement economic development and establish relations with his neighbours. Britain’s relations with successive sultans were deliberately concealed, including the contribution of special forces in fighting Oman’s insurgencies. It is widely argued that when Qaboos bin Said became Sultan in 1970, a ‘renaissance’ occurred, however many newly discovered documents have called this into question. They reveal how an inexperienced Sultan came to power with covert British support, and Whitehall’s direction of the war in Dhofar from afar. These documents highlight the extent of British intelligence cooperation and psychological warfare planning to counter the insurgents in Dhofar. However, as this book demonstrates, the Sultan also relied on non-British advisors, known as the ‘mafia’, to secure financial assistance and establish diplomatic ties across the Middle East. Finally, the book details how British defence assistance continued well beyond the retreat from empire in the Persian Gulf.