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The 1944 Bretton Woods conference created new institutions for international economic governance. Though flawed, the system led to a golden… age in postwar reconstruction, sustained economic growth, job creation, and postcolonial development. Yet financial liberalization since the 1970s has involved deregulation and globalization, which have exacerbated instability, rather than sustained growth. In addition, the failure of Bretton Woods to provide a reserve currency enabled the dollar to fill the void, which has contributed to periodic, massive U.S. trade deficits. Our latest global financial crisis, in which all these weaknesses played a part, underscores how urgently we must reform the international financial system. Prepared for the G24 research program, a consortium of developing countries focused on financial issues, this volume argues that such reforms must be developmental. Chapters review historical trends in global liquidity, financial flows to emerging markets, and the food crisis, identifying the systemic flaws that contributed to the recent downturn. They challenge the effectiveness of recent policy and suggest criteria for regulatory reform, keeping in mind the different circumstances, capacities, and capabilities of various economies. Essays follow ongoing revisions in international banking standards, the improved management of international capital flows, the critical role of the World Trade Organization in liberalizing and globalizing financial services, and the need for international tax cooperation. They also propose new global banking and reserve currency arrangements.
This report is a partial result of the China’s Quarterly Macroeconometric Model (CQMM), a project developed and maintained by the… Center for Macroeconomic Research (CMR) at Xiamen University. The CMR is one of the Key Research Institutes of Humanities and Social Sciences sponsored by the Ministry of Education of China, focusing on Chinese economic growth and macroeconomic policies. The CMR started to develop the CQMM for purpose of short-term forecast, policy analysis, and simulation in 2005.Based on the CQMM, the CMR with its partners hold press conferences to release forecasts for China’ major macroeconomic variables. Since July 2006, twenty-seven quarterly reports titled Chinese Macroeconomic Outlook have been presented and thirteen annual reports have been published.
This volume presents cases from a World Bank study of state-owned industrial firms in Poland, Hungary and the Czech and… Slovak republics. Topics that are covered include: structure of the industry; history of the firm; and product mix and sales pattern.
This book examines driving factors and the effects of globalisation on economic development through firm and product-level data. The book… is organised into four themes, i.e., productivity, innovation, wage and income gap, and within-firm reallocation of resources. The comprehensiveness and richness of firm and product-level data shed light upon the channels through which trade and investment affect firms’ competitiveness and unveil factors shaping firms’ heterogeneous responses towards globalisation. The book looks at Asian economies as well as Australia and how they have experienced substantial structural change and become more integrated into the global economy and will be a useful reference for those who are interested in learning more about the relationship between globalisation and firm performance. This book will appeal to policy makers and researchers interested in the impact of globalisation on firm performance.
This series of books brings together results of an intensive research programme on aspects of the national systems of innovation… in the five BRICS countries — Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. It provides a comprehensive and comparative examination of the challenges and opportunities faced by these dynamic and emerging economies. In discussing the impact of innovation with respect to economic, geopolitical, socio-cultural, institutional and technological systems, it reveals the possibilities of new development paradigms for equitable and sustainable growth.This volume, first in the series, analyses the relationship between the state and the evolution of the national systems of innovation. Putting forward several valuable considerations and policy recommendations, it argues that the experiences and knowledge gathered here may deeply impact the way we conceive of the theory of innovation systems, and implement policies and strategies for their development. Original and detailed data together with expert analyses by contributing authors on wide-ranging issues will make this an invaluable resource for researchers and scholars in economics, development studies and political science, as well as for policy-makers and development practitioners interested in the BRICS countries.
This series of books brings together results of an extensive research programme on aspects of the national systems of innovation… in the five BRICS countries – Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. It provides a comprehensive and comparative examination of the challenges and opportunities faced by these dynamic and emerging economies. In discussing the impact of innovation with respect to economic, geopolitical, socio-cultural, institutional, and technological systems, it reveals the possibilities of new development paradigms for equitable and sustainable growth.This volume analyses the financing of science, technology and innovation in the BRICS economies. It highlights the importance of institutional coordination and the influence of implicit policies on the extent to which capital markets may contribute to innovation financing. It stresses the role of state development banks and similar organisations in promoting high-risk and long-run building of innovative capacities with respect to development strategy. Original and detailed data, together with expert analyses on wide-ranging issues, make this book an invaluable resource for researchers and scholars in economics, development studies and political science, in addition to policy-makers and development practitioners interested in the BRICS countries.
This series of books brings together results of an intensive research programme on aspects of the national systems of innovation… (NSI) in the five BRICS countries — Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. It provides a comprehensive and comparative examination of the challenges and opportunities faced by these dynamic and emerging economies. In discussing the impact of innovation with respect to economic, geopolitical, socio-cultural, institutional, and technological systems, it reveals the possibilities of new development paradigms for equitable and sustainable growth.This volume explores the relationship between transnational corporations (TNCs) and NSI across BRICS economies. The essays highlight the role of foreign direct investment (FDI), the evolution of TNCs and examine local factors — such as government policies, human resources, market structures, and technological capabilities — that affect collaborative efforts with indigenous firms towards innovation and development. The authors approach the thesis of technological globalisation with some caution, refuting the idea that research and development (R&D) activities have been inexorably internationalised. Original and detailed data, together with expert analyses on wide-ranging issues, make this book an invaluable resource for researchers and scholars in economics, development studies and political science, in addition to policy makers and development practitioners interested in the BRICS countries.
The process of development in recent times has been characteristically marked by the expanding reach of multinational enterprises, flows of… foreign direct investment, unprecedented growth of information and communication technologies (ICT) and knowledge-based industries, and infusion of ICT across the entire spectrum of industries and activities. High-tech knowledge-based industries like information technology, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals and so on have played an important role in the transition of Chinese and Indian economies—the two largest and fastest growing economies.This inter-disciplinary book offers an in-depth understanding of the behaviour of firms in these industries, analysing the strategies they adopt in a globally competitive environment, the role they have played in ushering in the growth revolution in China and India, and the contribution they have made to the nature and growth of employment. This study also dwells upon the emerging nature of scientific and technological developments like nanotechnology, novel materials, spintronics and quantum computers, with the conclusion that in the future, knowledge and technology are going to be the real sources of wealth for nations.
Luxury, Fashion and the Early Modern Idea of Credit addresses how social and cultural ideas about credit and trust, in… the context of fashion and trade, were affected by the growth and development of the bankruptcy institution. Luxury, fashion and social standing are intimately connected to consumption on credit. Drawing on data from the fashion trade, this fascinating edited volume shows how the concepts of credit, trust and bankruptcy changed towards the end of the early modern period (1500−1800) and in the beginning of the modern period. Focusing on Sweden, with comparative material from France and other European countries, this volume draws together emerging and established scholars from across the fields of economic history and fashion. This book is an essential read for scholars in economic history, financial history, social history and European history.
This book is about accounting in an alternative libertarian socialist economic system. It explores what information and transactions we need… to enable democratic and effective financial decisions by those affected by the decisions. Based on the economic model, participatory economics, the author proposes a set of accounting principles for an economy comprised of common ownership of productive resources, worker and consumer councils, and democratic planning, promoting the model’s core values. The author tackles questions such as how accounting could be organised in an economy with no private equity owners or private lenders and creditors that is not based on greed and competition but instead on cooperation and solidarity. A large part of the book is focused on issues regarding investments; thus, he asks how and on what basis decisions are made about the allocation of an economy’s production between consumption today and investments that enable more consumption in the future, and how investments are accounted for. He also considers how investments in capital assets and production facilities would be decided, financed, and valued if they are not owned by private capital owners and if allocation does not take place through markets but through a form of democratic planning. In answering these questions and more, the author demonstrates that alternative economic systems are indeed possible, and not merely lofty utopias that cannot be put into practice, and inspires further discussion about economic vision. By applying accounting to a new economic setting and offering both technical information and the author’s bold vision, this book is a comprehensive and valuable supplementary text for courses touching on critical accounting theory. It will also appeal to readers interested in alternative kinds of economies.
This handbook offers a comprehensive overview of the most important and fundamental elements for the management of team sports organisations.… It is intended to meet the needs of full-time and voluntary individuals in management positions in professional and semi-professional sports clubs, leagues and federations, and those who aspire to such positions. In addition to management-relevant aspects, its interdisciplinary approach also includes the basics of law and media, which are vital to the successful management of team sports organisations. Bringing together experts from the respective disciplines, the book’s content is presented in a clear and straightforward manner, facilitating its implementation in practice.
Drawing on a range of European cases, this edited volume analyses the offshoring and outsourcing of foreign companies, with a… focus on territorial embeddedness. The book opens by developing a theoretical framework and then presents a range of international case studies exploring the experiences of the service hub cities of Brno, Bratislava, Budapest, Krakow, and Prague. Attention is also given to internal and external determinants of embeddedness, with chapters on the employee perspective, the Fintech industry, corporate social responsibility, and the role of universities. This volume will be of interest to advanced students and researchers in regional economics, economic geography, innovation studies, industrial economics, European economics, and international business.
Die moderne Ökonomie befindet sich in einem tiefgreifenden Wandel. Während schon seit geraumer Zeit der Kapitalismus als Wirtschaftsform massiver Kritik… ausgesetzt ist, stellen sich, ausgelöst durch die jüngsten Ereignisse rund um die Corona-Pandemie, weitere grundlegende Fragen an die Ökonomie: Wie viel Staat und wie viel Markt braucht sie? Hält die moderne Ökonomie für die Ökologie die richtigen Antworten bereit? Hat sie ein Rezept für die zunehmende Ungleichheit in unserer Gesellschaft und wie sieht es zukünftig mit unserem Wohlstand aus? Ist die heutige Ökonomie auf die Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung ausreichend vorbereitet und welchen Beitrag liefert die ökonomische Theorie zu allen diesen Themen? Das sind die wichtigsten Fragen, die dieses Buch beantworten will. Gerade die dramatische Krise des Jahres 2020 hat gezeigt, dass die Wirtschaft mit ihren Akteuren und Unternehmen ohne den Staat nicht alleine existieren kann. Gigantische staatliche Rettungsschirme in dreistelliger Milliardenhöhe von EU, Bund und Ländern haben wesentliche Teile der Wirtschaft vor dem sicheren Ruin bewahrt. Es scheint, dass wir wesentliche Grundfragen unserer modernen Wirtschaft neu hinterfragen müssen. Nachdem Detlef Pietsch in seinem letzten Buch “Eine Reise durch die Ökonomie“ vor allem die ökonomische Vergangenheit und ihre Kernideen erläutert hat, widmet er sich nun der Gegenwart. Spannend zu lesen, lehrreich und regt zum Nachdenken über die heutige Ökonomie an.
Wer die aktuellen Entwicklungen in den internationalen Handelsbeziehungen verstehen will, kommt nicht umhin, sich mit dem Thema „Wirtschaftskrieg“ auseinanderzusetzen. Ulrich… Blum untersucht in diesem Buch das Wesen des Wirtschaftskriegs, das zugehörige Menschen- und Ordnungsbild, die Institutionen, den Erklärungsbeitrag der Staatsphilosophien aus der Sicht der modernen Ökonomik und anderer sozialwissenschaftlicher Theorien sowie der Militärwissenschaften. Sodann analysiert er den Wirtschaftskrieg als Führungsaufgabe in komplexen Märkten, die Bedingungen für Erfolg, sowie die Sicht der Unternehmen und des Staats, insbesondere im Blick auf den verbundenen Instrumenteneinsatz.Eine Vielzahl historischer und aktueller Beispiele untermauert die Ausführungen und verweist auf die Dringlichkeit, sich mit der Abgrenzung zwischen Wettbewerb und Wirtschaftskrieg, beides Teile der Rivalität, zu befassen: Lässt sich intensiver Wettbewerb durch kluge Regelsetzung nachhaltig aufrechterhalten oder tendiert er regelmäßig zur Radikalisierung, wie gerade das letzte Jahrzehnt zeigt? Für den militärischen Konflikt ist seit Clausewitz bekannt, dass bewaffnete Auseinandersetzungen grundsätzlich zur Eskalation neigen – nur die Politik als letztgültiger Zweck kann sie einhegen. Der ökonomische Wettbewerb bedarf ganz analog eines klaren ordnungsökonomischen und politischen Rahmens, um nicht zum Wirtschaftskrieg zu eskalieren, was vor allem angesichts der aktuell beobachtbaren Hybridisierung von Konflikten zunehmend schwerfällt.
This edited volume offers a critical reflection on the failed experiment to redevelop the city of Rio de Janeiro according… to the neoliberal strategy of entrepreneurial urban governance and mercantile regulatory transformations, which were leveraged by mega-sporting events. The case of Rio de Janeiro is presented as an example of a failing global strategy for urban redevelopment, entrepreneurial urban governance and the realization of mega-events. This book aims to present the real and critical state of the legacies of such mega-events. It shows how instead of the promised economic redemption, Rio is experiencing a severe economic, political and social crisis, handling three observation perspectives: the first is the description of urban transformations and mega events, assessing the contradictions in the model for the intended urban development and taking into account historical factors both at local and national level; the second restricts on neighborhoods as case studies representing an ensign of a neoliberal urban transformation’ results; the third links city and citizenship focusing tensions and inconsistencies and opening up a perspective on the importance of fostering the concept of citizenship, including actions, movements and initiatives that express the resistance and struggles around a possible new destination for Rio de Janeiro.Prof. Luiz Cesar de Quieroz Ribeiro and Dr. Filippo Bignami as General Editors thank Ana Paula Soares Carvalho, Humberto Meza, Niccoló Cuppini and Orlando dos Santos Junior for their contributions as co-editors of this book.
This book provides valuable insights into how cities are innovating in the field of the sharing economy through case studies.… Each chapter explains how different cities have employed the sharing economy to solve their sui generis problems. The concept of Sharing Cities is getting considerable traction with grassroots groups and city governments around the world. Starting with the earliest Sharing City, Seoul, under the efforts of different Sharing Economy Associations and Organizations, more and more cities are being transformed. This book aims to highlight the positive changes that the sharing economy brings to cities and will be a valuable reference to those working in this emerging field.
This textbook takes a new approach to political economy: it combines the well-known non-quantitative theories with the findings of behavioral… science and other disciplines such as psychology and sociology. The question of how people behave and how such behavior can be guided towards moral welfare for everyone is the focus of this book. The knowledge is first derived scientifically, then the results are presented in summaries and conclusions. Case studies provide a link to practice. By means of exercises and behavioral games, readers can apply and deepen their acquired knowledge.
This book presents a comprehensive overview of three key areas: heterodox macroeconomics, development economics and classical political economy. It offers… an alternative macroeconomic framework to analyse policies with an emphasis on issues of equity and justice. With contributions by leading economists from across the world, it examines the growth and distribution of income; trade and finance in developing countries; classical political economy and Marxist theory; dualism in the US economy; economic crisis; and agrarian economy in poor countries. It explores themes such as the effect of an exogenous shock to wage share; Harrodian instability and Steindlian solutions; economics and politics of social democracy; the role of power in the macroeconomy; economic development through the promotion of domestic value chains; and reflections on primitive accumulation. Going beyond the neo-classical tradition, the volume opens up a new vista of economics by discussing unexplored questions. It provides a refreshing treatment of time-tested ideas as well as discussions of recent developments and current research. A major intervention in heterodox macroeconomics and a tribute to macroeconomist Amit Bhaduri, this book will be useful to scholars and researchers of economics, political economy, development studies, sociology, political science, public administration, economic theory, economic history, economic geography and critical studies, as well as professionals, economists and policymakers.
This book, in its second edition, introduces readers to the economics of immigration, which is a booming field within economics. The… main themes and objectives of the book are for readers to understand the decision to migrate, the impacts of immigration on markets and government budgets and the consequences of immigration policies in a global context. Our goal is for readers to be able to make informed economic arguments about key issues related to immigration around the world. This book applies economic tools to the topic of immigration to answer questions like whether immigration raises or lowers the standard of living of people in a country. The book examines many other consequences of immigration as well, such as the effect on tax revenues and government expenditures, the effect on how and what firms decide to produce and the effect on income inequality, to name just a few. It also examines questions like what determines whether people choose to move and where they decide to go. It even examines how immigration affects the ethnic diversity of restaurants and financial markets. Readers will learn how to apply economic tools to the topic of immigration. Immigration is frequently in the news as more people move around the world to work, to study and to join family members. The economics of immigration has important policy implications. Immigration policy is controversial in many countries. This book explains why this is so and equips the reader to understand and contribute to policy debates on this important topic.
This book explores the process of economic liberalisation in Latin America and revises the transition from the import substitution industrialisation… model to market-oriented reforms. It explains the theoretical foundations of the neoliberal paradigm and the implications of the policies that were labelled as the Washington Consensus. The book also incorporates an assessment on the socio-political norms added to the orthodox prescription, the so-called Post-Washington Consensus. The study comprises a general analysis on the subcontinent and on different economic liberalisation paths, and looks at four country case studies: Mexico, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay, from the 1980s to recent years. From this approach, the reader can analyse weaknesses and strengths, the socioeconomic performance, and the difficulties that Latin America has presented through the turbulent process of economic liberalisation, both at an early stage and over the long run, by means of country case studies encompassing the most diverse and representative styles of economic openness in the subcontinent. This allows them to identify the challenges the country faces and the appropriate policies they can follow to cope with sustained economic growth, poverty reduction, and income distribution within an economically open environment. The study is carried out by analysing and contrasting theoretical and empirical perspectives, allowing a broader understanding of the topics. The book is complementary reading for textbooks, due to the objectivity with which it addresses important and quotidian issues in the region, associating empirical and theoretical topics, and facilitating the understanding of the international political economy of Latin America. It is also suitable for practitioners and researchers, because of the depth in which it covers specific topics and the useful analysis it conducts to incorporate policy implications and suggestions for achieving equitable growth in a context of liberal markets.