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Showing 1 - 20 of 3834 items
By Heather K. Caldwell, H. Elliott Albers. 2024
This volume highlights current research on how the neuroendocrine system helps to influence emotional states and ultimately behavioral output. Social…
relationships and context-appropriate behavioral responses are important for the survival of most vertebrate species. These relationships can range from transient social interactions to strong social bonding between sexual partners and social behaviors can be observed and evaluated from the individual- to the group-level. Further, behavioral output is shaped by complex interactions between the physical environment, genetics, experience, and context, and are often modulated by the neuroendocrine system. In this book, experts in the field will provide a sweeping look at novel research in the neuroendocrine regulation of important behaviors ranging from parental care to social homeostasis, with a focus on comparative studies across vertebrate species. The first part of the book is dedicated to theneuroendocrinology of relationships, including the coordination of acoustic signals in songbirds, the complexity of social relationships in primates, and cooperation and parenting in humans. The second part of the book focuses on social behaviors and provides some insights into their regulation, including the neuroendocrine regulation of maternal behavior in rodents, the roles of oxytocin and vasopressin in the modulation of sex-specific social behavior, the interactions between adult neurogenesis, the neuroendocrine system and social behavior, and a consideration of neuroendocrine influences on reproductive decision making across species. The book concludes with a section on environmental influences on neuroendocrine systems underlying behavior, including how social isolation and endocrine disrupting chemicals affect the neuroendocrinology of behavior and emotions. Given its breadth, this volume is appropriate for undergraduate students, graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and established researchers who are interested in neuroendocrinology and behavior. This is the sixteenth volume in the International Neuroendocrine Federation (INF) Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology series, which aims to illustrate the highest standards and highlight the latest technologies in basic and clinical research and aspires to provide inspiration for further exploration into the exciting field of neuroendocrinology.By John Webb, Susan White, Garry K. Smith. 2023
This book, part of the series Cave and Karst Systems of the World, begins with a review of the interaction…
between people and caves in Australia (including conservation), followed by descriptions of the spectacular cave diving sites, before comprehensively covering all the major carbonate and noncarbonate karst areas, subdivided by rock type and region, and including the origin of the caves. This is followed by broad overviews of cave minerals and speleothems, cave biology and cave fossils. Each section was written by one or more specialists in the topic and is illustrated by clear diagrams and superb colour photos. The book emphasises the unique aspects of the Australian karst, including the variability in the age of the caves (very old to very young) and the impact of isolation on the stygofauna, as well as the vertebrate fossils preserved in the caves. Written in an easy-to-read style, the book is a primary reference guide to Australian karst and represents a valuable asset for anyone interested in the topic, not only cavers and academics.By Dr John Gedney, Pamela Myles-Hooton. 2024
A practical, self-help guide for living well with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) In the last forty years, we have seen…
an astounding rise in the prevalence of T2D in most countries. There are thought to be close to half a billion people affected worldwide. Traditionally thought of as a disease of mid-life and old age, both T2D and the metabolic markers of future disease are now increasingly being seen in young people, children and even infants. The burden of this disease is huge at all levels − for healthcare spend and for added risk of other medical problems. Other than its physical impacts, more than a third of people with T2D are said to experience psychological problems related specifically to the condition. We are now at a crossroads in understanding the science behind T2D with a more focused approach emerging. Research and practice are challenging the traditional way in which we approach and manage T2D − as well as better understanding how to prevent it altogether. By following the advice in this book, you will: · Better understand and be empowered to control your metabolic health · Learn how to prevent, reverse, or improve, and better manage your T2D Living Well self-help guides use clinically proven techniques to treat long-standing and disabling conditions, both psychological and physical.By Dr John Gedney, Pamela Myles-Hooton. 2024
A practical, self-help guide for living well with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) In the last forty years, we have seen…
an astounding rise in the prevalence of T2D in most countries. There are thought to be close to half a billion people affected worldwide. Traditionally thought of as a disease of mid-life and old age, both T2D and the metabolic markers of future disease are now increasingly being seen in young people, children and even infants. The burden of this disease is huge at all levels − for healthcare spend and for added risk of other medical problems. Other than its physical impacts, more than a third of people with T2D are said to experience psychological problems related specifically to the condition. We are now at a crossroads in understanding the science behind T2D with a more focused approach emerging. Research and practice are challenging the traditional way in which we approach and manage T2D − as well as better understanding how to prevent it altogether. By following the advice in this book, you will: · Better understand and be empowered to control your metabolic health · Learn how to prevent, reverse, or improve, and better manage your T2D Living Well self-help guides use clinically proven techniques to treat long-standing and disabling conditions, both psychological and physical.By Richard P. Jacoby, Raquel Baldelomar. 2015
A shocking look at the link between sugar, inflammation, and a host of preventable chronic diseases—perfect for fans of bestselling…
author Gary Taubes’ The Case Against Sugar—from leading nerve surgeon Dr. Richard Jacoby. What Grain Brain did for wheat, this book by a leading peripheral nerve surgeon now does for sugar, revealing how it causes crippling nerve damage throughout the body—in our feet, organs, and brain—why sugar and carbohydrates are harmful to the body's nerves, and how eliminating them can mitigate and even reverse the damage.If you suffer from ailments your doctors can’t seem to diagnose or help—mysterious rashes, unpredictable digestive problems, debilitating headaches, mood and energy swings, constant tiredness—nerve compression is the likely cause. Sugar Crush exposes the shocking truth about how a diet high in sugar, processed carbohydrates, and wheat compresses and damages the peripheral nerves of the body, leading to pain, numbness, and tingling in the hands and feet, along with a host of related conditions, including migraines, gall bladder disease, and diabetes.Over the years, Dr. Richard Jacoby has treated thousands of patients with peripheral neuropathy. Now, he shares his insights as well as the story of how he connected the dots to determine how sugar is the common denominator of many chronic diseases. In Sugar Crush, he offers a unique holistic approach to understanding the exacting toll sugar and carbs take on the body. Based on his clinical work, he breaks down his highly effective methods, showing how dietary changes reducing sugar and wheat, coinciding with an increase of good fats, can dramatically help regenerate nerves and rehabilitate their normal function.Sugar Crush includes a quiz to assess your nerve damage, practical dietary advice, and the latest thinking on ways to prevent and reverse neuropathy. If you have diabetes, this essential guide will help you understand the dangers and give you the tools you need to make a difference beyond your doctor’s prescriptions. If you have the metabolic syndrome or prediabetes, or are just concerned about your health, it will help you reverse and prevent nerve damage.By Lisa Randall. 2015
In this brilliant exploration of our cosmic environment, the renowned particle physicist and New York Times bestselling author of Warped…
Passages and Knocking on Heaven’s Door uses her research into dark matter to illuminate the startling connections between the furthest reaches of space and life here on Earth.Sixty-six million years ago, an object the size of a city descended from space to crash into Earth, creating a devastating cataclysm that killed off the dinosaurs, along with three-quarters of the other species on the planet. What was its origin? In Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs, Lisa Randall proposes it was a comet that was dislodged from its orbit as the Solar System passed through a disk of dark matter embedded in the Milky Way. In a sense, it might have been dark matter that killed the dinosaurs.Working through the background and consequences of this proposal, Randall shares with us the latest findings—established and speculative—regarding the nature and role of dark matter and the origin of the Universe, our galaxy, our Solar System, and life, along with the process by which scientists explore new concepts. In Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs, Randall tells a breathtaking story that weaves together the cosmos’ history and our own, illuminating the deep relationships that are critical to our world and the astonishing beauty inherent in the most familiar things.By Federico Agnolin. 2024
The Cenozoic history of South America faunas mainly rests on the evidence yielded by the study of fossil mammals. Following…
the seminal work of William D. Matthew, George G. Simpson established the slogan “Splendid Isolation” for describing the evolutionary history of South American faunas. He envisaged South America (as well as other Southern Hemisphere landmasses) as dead ends in the evolution and geographical expansion of animals and plants that since the Mesozoic come in successive migratory waves from the North.More than 40 years passed away from the last important contribution by Simpson (1980). Since then, in spite to the exponential increase in biological, paleontological and geological knowledge, and an incredibly new number of fossils, his scheme remained almost unpolluted and most recent books regarding the palaeobiogeography of South American vertebrates follow this paradigm nearly without criticism.However, the factthat South America was joined to Africa, Australia, Antarctica and India during most of the Cretaceous, and that it was still connected Australia (via Antarctica) and probably Africa up to the Paleogene, together with the large number of shared biotic components between these landmasses, point in favor of a different paleobiogeographical scenario.The book aims to demonstrate that during the Paleogene (and most of the Neogene) the nature and evolutionary history of South American vertebrates is by far much more intricate than previously envisaged. As will be shown, new evidence suggests that southern landmasses may have played an important role in the early evolution and radiation of extant mammal clades. This book is not written to conform with the ideal of a technical manual or a review, and is not carried forward to collect all that has been said before. The main goals are to criticize the current Palaeobiogeographic Model of Vertebrate Settlement of South America, and to propose a new vision based on the evidence provided by the natural world in the last decades.By Jan De Vries. 2003
The ever-growing problems of diabetes and hypoglycaemia are addressed clearly in this long-awaited book by Jan de Vries, who is…
himself a diabetic.The renowned healer points the possible cause and misunderstandings of the condition and advises authoritatively on its management. MY LIFE WITH DIABETES discusses dietary management and the natural ways to approach diabetes. As the responsiblity for the condition ultimately lies with the patient, this book will be of great value to those who are directly affected, as well as to the friends and families of diabetics, in helping them fully understand the facts relating to diabetes. The book succinctly assists diabetics in finding their way to better health and describes the many natural methods that can be used to control high and low blood sugar levels. It also guides patients who are involved in long-term treatment, indicating how they can overcome related problems using complementary methods. Offering a wealth of direct and uncomplicated advice, MY LIFE WITH DIABETES is an invaluable addition to an acclaimed series of health care titles by deVries.Descubre fascinantes datos y curiosidades sobre los animales que habitaron la Tierra hace millones de años y sorprende a tus…
amigos y familia.¿Sabías que el dinosaurio más grande que ha existido media tanto como cuatro camiones de bomberos uno detrás de otro? ¿O que el más pequeño pesaba menos que una cucharita de azúcar? ¿Quieres saber cuánto medían las alas del reptil volador más grande jamás descubierto? Sumérgete en las páginas de este divertido libro sobre dinosaurios y descubre todo sobre estas criaturas prehistóricas: cuánto medían las garras del Therizinosaurus, qué dinosaurio tenía el cerebro más pequeño, cuál tenía los dientas más afilados y ¡mucho más!El regalo perfecto para saciar el apetito de saber de los niños de un modo divertido: - Contiene más de 1000 curiosidades en formato de pregunta y respuesta.- Escrito de forma clara, con explicaciones entretenidas e impresionantes imágenes generadas por ordenador.- Con estadísticas alucinantes explicadas por medio gráficos y comparaciones visuales para entender los datos de forma fácil.Un divertido libro ilustrado para niños de 9 años o más, repleto de sorpresas y curiosidades alucinantes para que los jóvenes lectores descubran el maravilloso mundo de los dinosaurios.------------------------------------------Astonish your friends and family with this incredible collection of mind-boggling facts about the scariest animals ever to walk the Earth.Did you know that the largest dinosaur was four times longer than a fire engine but its babies were the size of geese? Or that the smallest dinosaur weighed less than a teaspoon of sugar? Or that the largest flying reptile was as tall as a giraffe with wings the size of a fighter jet? This fascinating first dinosaur book for kids is packed with bite-size nuggets of unbelievable information. Find out which dinosaur had the sharpest teeth, the longest claw and the smallest brain.Dive into the pages of this kids dinosaur book to discover: - 1,000 jaw-dropping, mind-blowing facts to wow your family and friends.- Stunning CGI images to convey statistics in an intuitive way that kids can understand.- Factfile spreads are packed with infographics and key facts on all kinds of prehistoric life.- Photo stories feature the world's spectacular fossils, from dinosaur footprints and nests to complete skeletons.- Fun, accessible text written to excite and entertain children and adults alike.Discover the fastest, the slowest, the deadliest, and the downright weirdest dinosaurs ever to roam the planet, in this dinosaur gift book for children aged 9+.Taxonomists specializing in different groups once based phylogenetic analysis only on morphological data; molecular data was used more rarely. Although…
molecular systematics is routine today, the use of morphological data continues to be important, especially for phylogenetic placement of many taxa known only from fossils and rare or difficult to collect species. In addition, morphological analyses help identify potential biases in molecular analyses. And finally, scenarios with respect to morphology continue to motivate biologists: the beauty of a cheetah or a baobab does not lie in their DNA sequence, but instead on what they are and do! This book is an up-to-date revision of methods and principles of phylogenetic analysis of morphological data. It is also a general guide for using the computer program TNT in the analysis of such data. The book covers the main aspects of phylogenetic analysis and general methods to compare classifications derived from molecules and morphology. The basic aspects of molecular analysis are covered only as needed to highlight the differences with methods and assumptions for analysis of morphological datasets.By Emmanuel C. Opara and Sam Dagogo-Jack. 2019
Diabetes occurs at such an alarming rate that it can be described as a global epidemic. Following its predecessor, Nutrition…
and Diabetes: Pathophysiology and Management, Second Edition, is a comprehensive resource that describes various factors that drive the accumulation of excess body weight and fat resulting in obesity. The book discusses the metabolic aberrations found in obesity and how they lead to the association of obesity with diabetes. This new edition highlights the role played by diet and the interrelationships in the metabolism of key nutrients in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes which provides the scientific basis for treatment and management approaches.Features Highlights the role of nutrition in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes Organized logically into two easy-to-use sections - Pathophysiology and Management of Obesity and Pathophysiology and Treatment of Diabetes Features emerging therapeutic approaches for management of obesity and diabetes Discusses experience in the management of obesity and diabetes in developing countries Presents challenges in insulin therapy and provides guidelines to overcome them The first section of the book retains key topics from the previous edition and contains new chapters including genetic determinants of nutrient processing; fat distribution and diabetes mellitus; combined effect of diet and physical activity in the management of obesity; pharmacologic treatment of obesity; and the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of obesity. The second section features updated versions of most of the other chapters in the first edition comprising a modified chapter on oxidative stress and the effects of dietary supplements on glycemic control in Type 2 diabetes. In addition, new chapters are added in this section and include the contribution of iron and transition metal micronutrients to diabetes; role of microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes; primary prevention of Type 2 diabetes; and the pathophysiology and management of Type 1 diabetes.By Dr David Cavan, Emma Porter. 2018
You can reverse pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes when you change how you eatInternational diabetes expert David Cavan has teamed…
up with food writer and type 1 diabetic Emma Porter to create 100 low-carb, healthy-fat recipes to help reverse type 2 diabetes and prediabetes, and control type 1 diabetes as part of a healthy lifestyle. From simple breakfasts and tasty snacks to indulgent dinners and healthy desserts the authors will help you take control of your health and cook meals the whole family will enjoy. The recipes also help manage type 1 diabetes more effectively.Recipes include:Baked eggs in avocado with roasted fennel and tomatoes One-pan blueberry pancake Roasted aubergine and garlic salad with olive oil, basil and tomatoMexican-style fajitasNutty mushroom risotto with bacon Slow-roasted salt and pepper pulled pork Orange and almond cakeCherry, chocolate and coconut cream ice lolliesBy Douglas Palmer, Hermione Cockburn. 2008
Fossils provide us with a tantalizing glimpse of Britain's prehistoric past and hold the key to unlocking the secrets of…
life's history and evolution. Since the appearance of primitive organisms in Britain more than a billion years ago, oceans, deserts, swamps and vast mountains have come and gone in our corner of western Europe; forests of long-extinct trees, flowers and grasses have covered the land, and dinosaurs and other strange creatures have roamed across it. How do we know? The evidence is all around us - in the rocks and fossils that lie beneath the landscape.In this highly informative and practical book, which accompanies the BBC series, presenter Hermione Cockburn and renowned palaeontologist Douglas Palmer take an in-depth look at the most exciting fossil stories from around the country. When and why were dinosaur fossils first discovered in Britain? How was the biggest fish ever to have swum in the sea unearthed near Peterborough? What do modern medical techniques have to offer fossil hunters?Packed with colour photographs and illustrations, Fossils Detectives is full of surprising facts and features. And for those who want to try their hand at some fossil detecting of their own, the book includes an extensive regional gazetteer of fossil-hunting sites and places to visit, and guidance on identifying your fossil finds.Get ready for some time travel around Britain, with the Fossil Detectives!Around 1.4 million people in the UK today have diabetes, and at least a million more may have diabetes and…
not know it. According to the World Health Organisation the number of diabetes sufferers worldwide is set to double in the next 25 years. It's serious and progressive and there is no known cure. However, life with diabetes can be very fulfilling. Just look at sports stars like Steve Redgave, winner of 5 Olympic gold medals. Written in association with Diabetes UK, this comprehensive guide answers all the key questions, from how to spot the symptoms, who is most at risk, what treatments are available and how diabetes will affect you diet and lifestyle. Dr Hillson tackles the common anxieties and provides invaluable information for all those with diabetes - whether newly diagnosed or longstanding - their families and friends.By J. J. Johnson, Christin Simms, Colleen Russo Johnson. 2020
A Dino Dana Field Guide of Dinosaurs for Kids (Ages 8-12)“This field guide is great for new and old dinosaur…
lovers. It alphabetically introduces dinosaurs and information about when and where they lived along with other tidbits about them. It is good for fun reading and can be used in homeschooling.” ―JustaBXMomNominated for Four Daytime Emmy® Awards#1 Bestseller in Children's Fossil BooksFun facts about dinosaurs for kids. Did you know that the brachiosaurus was the tallest dinosaur that we know of today? That the kosmoceratops had fifteen horns and hooks on its head? That the spinosaurus is the only known dinosaur to spend most of its time swimming? Discover this and much more in Dino Dana: Dino Field Guide.Dino Dana's field guide for your child. Fans of the Amazon Prime TV show Dino Dana will be so excited to have a Dino Field Guide of their own, put together by the incredible show's creator and executive producer, J. J. Johnson. Full of colorful illustrations and fascinating science facts, this dinosaur book is sure to amaze any young dino enthusiast.A great science book for kids. This book for children is perfect for any kid who likes history and science. In the Dino Dana field guide, your kids learn:Which time period each dinosaur lived inHow big the dinosaurs wereWhat kinds of things dinosaurs ate and did each dayAnd so much moreKids who like cool dinosaur books like Dinosaurs, National Geographic Little Kids First Big Book of Dinosaurs, The Big Book of Dinosaurs, or The Dinosaur Book will love Dino Dana: Dino Field Guide.Put your dinosaur knowledge to the test with this brilliant quiz book for kids!Introducing Dinosaur Knowledge Genius! - a brilliant…
quiz book packed with over 80 topics on the fascinating prehistoric world of dinosaurs. Which were the most fearsome predators? How big were the most gigantic plant-eaters? Why did so many dinosaurs have frills, crests, or spikes? Did dinosaurs really lay eggs? Which ones had feathers? If you want to know the answers, then this may be the book for you! Take on this brain-busting challenge about prehistoric life.This dinosaur quiz book for children aged 9-12 offers: - Plenty of quiz questions throughout the book to put your knowledge to the test.- Interactive &“Test Yourself&” panel lists with three levels of difficulty - starter, challenger, and genius.- Impressive dinosaur graphics that jump out at you on every page.- A variety of fun facts, picture puzzles, and quiz questions to keep kids entertained and engaged.As you hop from one dinosaur species to the next, you will learn all about the fascinating prehistoric world in this entertaining quiz book for kids and the whole family to enjoy. The pages are packed with eye-popping pictures and the "Test Yourself" panels list the type of dinosaur you&’re looking for on the page. With three levels of difficulty, the challenge gets harder from Starter to Challenger and the truly tricky Genius category. There's a fun fact with every picture to give a helpful clue.At DK, we believe in the power of discovery. So why stop here? Why not put your general knowledge to the test with other books in the Knowledge Genius series? Try General Knowledge Genius! to learn about everything, explore the animal world with Animal Knowledge Genius! or explore our planet with Earth Knowledge Genius!By Stefanos Geroulanos. 2024
“[A]n incisive and captivating reassessment of prehistory . . . In lucid prose, Geroulanos unspools an enthralling and detailed history…
of the development of modern natural science. It’s a must-read.” —Publishers Weekly, starred review “An astute, powerfully rendered history of humanity.” —Kirkus Reviews, starred review An eminent historian tells the story of how we came to obsess over the origins of humanity—and how, for three centuries, ideas of prehistory have been used to justify devastating violence against others. Books about the origins of humanity dominate bestseller lists, while national newspapers present breathless accounts of new archaeological findings and speculate about what those findings tell us about our earliest ancestors. We are obsessed with prehistory—and, in this respect, our current era is no different from any other in the last three hundred years. In this coruscating work, acclaimed historian Stefanos Geroulanos demonstrates how claims about the earliest humans not only shaped Western intellectual culture, but gave rise to our modern world. The very idea that there was a human past before recorded history only emerged with the Enlightenment, when European thinkers began to reject faith-based notions of humanity and history in favor of supposedly more empirical ideas about the world. From the “state of nature” and Romantic notions of virtuous German barbarians to theories about Neanderthals, killer apes, and a matriarchal paradise where women ruled, Geroulanos captures the sheer variety and strangeness of the ideas that animated many of the major thinkers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, including Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Charles Darwin, and Karl Marx. Yet as Geroulanos shows, such ideas became, for the most part, the ideological foundations of repressive regimes and globe-spanning empires. Deeming other peoples “savages” allowed for guilt-free violence against them; notions of “killer apes” who were our evolutionary predecessors made war seem natural. The emergence of modern science only accelerated the West’s imperialism. The Nazi obsession with race was rooted in archaeological claims about prehistoric IndoGermans; the idea that colonialized peoples could be “bombed back to the Stone Age” was made possible by the technology of flight and the anthropological idea that civilization advanced in stages. As Geroulanos argues, accounts of prehistory tell us more about the moment when they are proposed than about the deep past—and if we hope to start improving our future, we would be better off setting aside the search for how it all started. A necessary, timely, indelible account of how the quest for understanding the origins of humanity became the handmaiden of war and empire, The Invention of Prehistory will forever change how we think about the deep past.By Luciano Luis Rasia, Claudio Gustavo Barbeito, Francisco Acuña. 2024
The plains vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus) is a remarkable rodent of the Neotropic given several peculiar aspects of its biology, some…
of them quite unique among rodents or even among mammals. This book gathers specialists studying plains vizcachas from very different approaches, including paleontology, systematics, morphology, physiology, development and conservation. It is divided in two Parts, 1) Evolutionary History, and 2) Morphology, Development and Physiology. It will surely be a required reading for any researcher working with caviomorph rodents, mastozoology of the Neotropics or internal anatomy and physiology of mammals.By Kennichi Kakudo, Zhiyan Liu, Chan Kwon Jung, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Andrey Bychkov, Chiung-Ru Lai. 2023
This is the third edition of a well-received book that recapitulates the thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. It covers the…
basics and critical principles of thyroid cytopathology, addresses technical aspects, and presents the latest breakthrough events in the field, including the new editions of the WHO classification of thyroid tumors and the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology.Thyroid FNA Cytology, The Third Edition is a practical handbook for cytopathologists, pathologists, cytotechnologists, endocrinologists, thyroid surgeons, radiologists, thyroid cancer patients, and their families. This edition covers more topics than the previous editions and invites authors from 20 countries from Asia, Europe, and America. It should serve as an individualized guide to readers practicing in various geographic areas with different medical settings and social resources. The book provides multiple chapters on differential diagnosis and pitfalls to show the unique approaches in many countries. The book will broaden their perspectives and serve as a foundation for further advancement in this field.By Alan Herbert. 2024
Alan Herbert has played a leading part in discovering the biological roles for a high-energy form of DNA twisted to…
the left rather than to the right. Both Z-DNA and the Z-RNA sensing proteins are critical for protecting hosts against both viruses and cancers. The proteins also play critical roles in the programmed cell death of aging cells. Other types of flipons exist and alter the readout of transcripts from the genome, encoding genetic information by their shape rather than by their sequence. Many of these flipons are within repeat elements that were previously considered to be just genomic junk. Instead these genetic elements increase the adaptability of cells by flipping DNA conformation. By acting as digital switches, the different flipon types can alter cellular responses without any change to their sequence or any damage to DNA. These highly dynamic structures enable the rapid evolution of multicellular organisms. The junk DNA in repeats also encode peptide patches that enable the assembly of cellular machines. The intransitive logic involved enhances the chance of an individual surviving a constantly changing environment.Key Features Causes us to rethink how information is encoded in the genome Changes our understanding of how our genome evolved and how we protect ourselves against viruses and cancers while sparing normal cells Shows that high energy forms of DNA, such as left-handed DNA do exist inside the cell Accessible to those in academia and the general public, and speaks to the next generation, encouraging them to find their own path in scientific discovery The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivative License (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.