Title search results
Showing 1 - 20 of 777 items
Phases of Matter and their Transitions An all-in-one, comprehensive take on matter and its phase properties In Phases of Matter…
and their Transitions, accomplished materials scientist Dr. Gijsbertus de With delivers an accessible textbook for advanced students in the molecular sciences. It offers a balanced and self-contained treatment of the thermodynamic and structural aspects of phases and the transitions between them, covering solids, liquids, gases, and their interfaces. The book lays the groundwork to describe particles and their interactions from the perspective of classical and quantum mechanics and compares phenomenological and statistical thermodynamics. It also examines materials with special properties, like glasses, liquid crystals, and ferroelectrics. The author has included an extensive appendix with a guide to the mathematics and theoretical models employed in this resource. Readers will also find: Thorough introductions to classical and quantum mechanics, intermolecular interactions, and continuum mechanics Comprehensive explorations of thermodynamics, gases, liquids, and solids Practical discussions of surfaces, including their general aspects for solids and liquids Fulsome treatments of discontinuous and continuous transitions, including discussions of irreversibility and the return to equilibrium Perfect for advanced students in chemistry and physics, Phases of Matter and their Transitions will also earn a place in the libraries of students of materials science.Instabilities in Field Theory: A Primer with Applications in Modified Gravity (SpringerBriefs in Physics)
By Adrià Delhom, Alejandro Jiménez Cano, Francisco José Maldonado Torralba. 2023
This book presents the most common types of instabilities arising in classical field theories, namely tachyonic, Laplacian, ghost-like or strong…
coupling instabilities, also commenting on their quantum implications. The authors provide a detailed account on the Ostrogradski theorem and its implications for higher-order time-derivative field theories. After presenting the general concepts and formalism, they dive into its applications to particular field theories, using mainly modified gravity theories as examples. The book is intended for advanced undergraduate/graduate students, but can also be useful for researchers, for having a unified exposition of general results on instabilities in field theory and examples of their applications.This book is a brief and accessible popular science text intended for a broad audience and of particular interest also…
to science students and specialists. Using a minimum of mathematics, a number of qualitative and quantitative examples, and clear illustrations, the author explains the science of thermodynamics in its full historical context, focusing on the concepts of energy and its availability and transformation in thermodynamic processes. His ultimate aim is to gain a deep understanding of the second law—the increase of entropy—and its rather disheartening message of a universe descending inexorably into chaos and disorder. It also examines the connection between the second law and why things go wrong in our daily lives. Readers will enhance their science literacy and feel more at home on the science side of author C. P. Snow's celebrated two-culture, science-humanities divide, and hopefully will feel more at home in the universe knowing that the disorder we deal with in our daily lives is not anyone's fault but Nature's.Theoretical and Experimental Studies on Steady-State Microbunching (Springer Theses)
By Xiujie Deng. 2024
This open access book is devoted to the theoretical and experimental studies of a novel accelerator light source mechanism called…
steady-state microbunching (SSMB) which promises high-power, high-repetition rate, narrow-band coherent radiation in an electron storage ring. The contribution of this dissertation consists of three parts: first, answers the question of how to realize SSMB from a beam dynamics perspective; second, reveals what radiation characteristics can we obtain from the formed SSMB; and third, experimentally demonstrates the working mechanism of SSMB in a real machine for the first time. The highlights of this book can be summarized as: Presents the first proof-of-principle experiment of a promising accelerator light source mechanism; Covers precision longitudinal and transverse-longitudinal coupling dynamics in a storage ring; Provides useful formulas and example parameters for high-power infrared, EUV and soft X-ray light source design.Addysgu Ffiseg yn yr Uwchradd (Teaching Secondary Physics 3rd Edition Welsh Language edition)
By The Association Education. 2023
Enhance your teaching with expert advice and support for Key Stages 3 and 4 Physics from the Teaching Secondary series…
- the trusted teacher's guide for NQTs, non-specialists and experienced teachers.Written in association with ASE, this updated edition provides best practice teaching strategies from academic experts and practising teachers.- Refresh your subject knowledge, whatever your level of expertise- Gain strategies for delivering the big ideas of science using suggested teaching sequences- Engage students and develop their understanding with practical activities for each topic- Enrich your lessons and extend knowledge beyond the curriculum with enhancement ideas- Improve key skills with opportunities to introduce mathematics and scientific literacy highlighted throughout- Support the use of technology with ideas for online tasks, video suggestions and guidance on using cutting-edge software- Place science in context; this book highlights where you can apply science theory to real-life scenarios, as well as how the content can be used to introduce different STEM careersAlso available: Teaching Secondary Chemistry, Teaching Secondary BiologyProcesses in GeoMedia—Volume VII (Springer Geology)
By Tatiana Chaplina. 2023
This book includes new results of theoretical and experimental studies of various scales of the processes occurring on the earth…
including the lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. Intensive development of research in these areas is due to several factors: 1) the widespread introduction of computer technology, allowing the calculation of complex phenomena; 2) the invention and improvement of a new generation of geophysical instruments such as remote observation systems based on ships, aircraft, and satellites, providing a large amount of data to objectively reflect a broad picture of the processes; and 3) the development of measurement techniques, creating opportunities for controllable and reproducible laboratory data acquisition for generation of new ideas and concepts. Their recent developments have facilitated our research and understanding of these academic fields. The book enriches the understanding of the geophysical processes taking place in various environments (lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere), including the anthropogenic one, and it further contributes to their development. This book is a valuable resource for specialists working in the oil, gas, and engineering industry to improve their understandings of the field.Neutron Transport: Theory, Modeling, and Computations (Graduate Texts in Physics)
By Ramadan M. Kuridan. 2023
This textbook provides a thorough explanation of the physical concepts and presents the general theory of different forms through approximations…
of the neutron transport processes in nuclear reactors and emphasize the numerical computing methods that lead to the prediction of neutron behavior. Detailed derivations and thorough discussions are the prominent features of this book unlike the brevity and conciseness which are the characteristic of most available textbooks on the subject where students find them difficult to follow. This conclusion has been reached from the experience gained through decades of teaching. The topics covered in this book are suitable for senior undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of nuclear engineering and physics. Other engineering and science students may find the construction and methodology of tackling problems as presented in this book appealing from which they can benefit in solving other problems numerically. The book provides access to a one dimensional, two energy group neutron diffusion program including a user manual, examples, and test problems for student practice. An option of a Matlab user interface is also available.The Geroch-Held-Penrose Calculus: Fundamentals and Applications (SpringerBriefs in Physics)
By Pedro Bargueño, Ernesto Contreras. 2023
This book offers a primer on the fundamentals and applications of the Geroch-Held-Penrose (GHP) calculus, a powerful formalism designed for…
spacetimes that occur frequently in the teaching of General Relativity. Specifically, the book shows in detail the power of the calculus when dealing with spherically symmetric spacetimes. After introducing the basics, a new look at all the classical spherically symmetric black hole solutions is given within the GHP formalism. This is then employed to give new insights into the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations for stellar structure, including a derivation of new exact anisotropic fluid solutions. Finally, a re-writing of some essential features of black hole thermodynamics within the GHP formalism is performed. The book is based on the authors' lecture notes, used in their undergraduate and graduate lectures and while supervising their upper undergraduate and graduate students. To fully benefit from this concise primer, readers only need an undergraduate background in general relativity.Advances to Homomorphic and Searchable Encryption
By Stefania Loredana Nita, Marius Iulian Mihailescu. 2023
This book presents the current state of the literature on the fields of homomorphic and searchable encryption, from both theoretical…
and practical points of view. Homomorphic and searchable encryption are still relatively novel and rapidly evolving areas and face practical constraints in the contexts of large-scale cloud computing and big data.Both encryption methods can be quantum-resistant if they use the right mathematical techniques. In fact, many fully homomorphic encryption schemes already use quantum-resistant techniques, such as lattices or characteristics of polynomials – which is what motivated the authors to present them in detail.On the one hand, the book highlights the characteristics of each type of encryption, including methods, security elements, security requirements, and the main types of attacks that can occur. On the other, it includes practical cases and addresses aspects like performance, limitations, etc. As cloud computing and big data already represent the future in terms of storing, managing, analyzing, and processing data, these processes need to be made as secure as possible, and homomorphic and searchable encryption hold huge potential to secure both the data involved and the processes through which it passes.This book is intended for graduates, professionals and researchers alike. Homomorphic and searchable encryption involve advanced mathematical techniques; accordingly, readers should have a basic background in number theory, abstract algebra, lattice theory, and polynomial algebra.Von der Relativitätstheorie zu den Maxwell-Gleichungen
By Jan-Markus Schwindt. 2023
Die Elektrodynamik wird meistens in der historisch orientierten Reihenfolge behandelt, in der das elektrische und magnetische Feld zunächst als separate…
Objekte eingeführt und schließlich über die Maxwell-Gleichungen miteinander verknüpft werden. Die Lorentz-Symmetrie der Theorie und die Vereinigung der beiden Felder im Feldstärketensor werden üblicherweise erst am Ende gezeigt, obwohl sich die Gleichungen dadurch vereinfachen und sie erst so in allen Bezugssystemen gelten.Damit durchläuft der Studierende zwar die historische Entwicklung, muss aber dann zum Ende der Vorlesung alles rückblickend verstehen und neu einordnen. Dieses Buch geht den umgekehrten, deduktiven Weg, der die Elektrodynamik von vornherein auf das Fundament der Speziellen Relativitätstheorie stellt und von da aus – gegenüber dem üblichen Vorgehen sozusagen "rückwärts" – die bekannten Phänomene und Zusammenhänge ableitet. Dieses Vorgehen erlaubt eine wesentlich straffere und – was die Rolle des Elektromagnetismus im Gesamtzusammenhang der Theoretischen Physik angeht – klarere Behandlung.Superfluid: How a Quantum Fluid Revolutionized Modern Science
By J. G. Weisend II. 2023
Unless you are a specialist or watch a lot of obscure YouTube videos you have probably never heard of He…
II or superfluid helium. This substance, a unique liquid form of the element helium, is produced and used in multi-ton quantities to enable much of modern science. Altogether, He II is at the heart of more than a dozen large scale scientific facilities world-wide representing an investment of tens of billions of dollars. It cools the magnets and cavities that contain and accelerate the particle beams at the Large Hadron Collider and is also used in accelerators for the study of rare isotopes and nuclear astrophysics. This little known liquid is, in reality, one of the enabling technologies of the future. A manifestation of quantum mechanics, He II exhibits amazing behaviors. It can flow up the side of a container against gravity, it can move through small openings without friction, and it can transfer heat extremely efficiently via a mechanism not seen elsewhere in nature. This book tells the story of He II. It describes the discovery of the fluid, the observation and understanding of its behavior, the development of underlying theory and the evolution of He II from a laboratory curiosity to an industrial-scale coolant. The current and possible future applications of He II are described. Like all science and engineering, the story of He II is a human story and the role that personalities, politics, communication, cooperation and competition play in the development of He II is captured here as well. World-famous physicists such as Lev Landau, Richard Feynman, Peter Kapitza and Kurt Mendelssohn are key players in the story, while secret police from two different countries have a walk-on role. This work is meant for the general reader. Without assuming any expertise in physics, engineering or mathematics, it illuminates for the general public a little-known area of science and engineering and shows why it matters. As it turns out, it’s also a good story.Complex Systems Design & Management: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Complex Systems Design & Management CSD&M 2023 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #1085)
By Daniel Krob, Xinguo Zhang, Lefei Li, Junchen Yao, Mengyu Guo. 2023
This book contains all refereed papers accepted during the 14th International Conference on Complex Systems Design & Management CSD&M 2023 that took place…
in Beijing, People’s Republic of China by the end October 2023. Mastering complex systems requires an integrated understanding of industrial practices as well as sophisticated theoretical techniques and tools. This explains the creation of an annual go-between European and Asian forum dedicated to academic researchers and industrial actors working on complex industrial systems architecting, modeling and engineering. These proceedings cover the most recent trends in the emerging field of complex systems, both from an academic and professional perspective. A special focus was put this year on “New Trends in Complex Systems Engineering.” The CSD&M series of conferences were initiated under the guidance of CESAM Community in Europe, managed by CESAMES. Its Asian version took place in Singapore for three consecutive sessions during 2014 and 2018. The fourth Asian edition was held in Beijing in hybrid with the Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics (CSAA) as the co-organizer in 2021. Since 2023, its European and Asian conferences merge into one, taking place in China and Europe in turn. CESAM Community aims in organizing the sharing of good practices in systems architecting and model-based systems engineering (MBSE) and certifying the level of knowledge and proficiency in this field through the CESAM certification. The CESAM systems architecting, and model-based systems engineering (MBSE) certification is especially currently the most disseminated professional certification in the world in this domain through more than 3,000 real complex system development projects on which it was operationally deployed and around 10,000 engineers who were trained on the CESAM framework at international level.Computational Simulation in Nanophotonics and Spectroscopy (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
By Mengtao Sun, Xijiao Mu. 2023
Nanophotonics and spectroscopy has advanced rapidly in recent years. Experimental research on nanophotonics is very active. In addition to experimental…
research on the principles and applications of nanophotonics, computational simulation research on its various physical mechanisms and phenomena is equally important. The simulation of the optical properties of molecules or crystals, such as electronic spectra (absorption and emission spectra, etc.) and vibrational spectroscopy has extraordinary guiding significance for experiments. The current computational simulation technology can also explain and analyze the physical mechanisms behind phenomena. However, among the many computational simulation software programs available, the operation methods and application scenarios are different. The barrier for new users to conduct research with computational simulation is high. Even for researchers with some experience, it is not easy to develop a comprehensive understanding of the various software programs, keywords, programming languages and auxiliary programs. This book serves as an introductory book for beginners to get started with the technology, and a handbook for experienced readers to quickly look up for commands and script usage. It is a handy reference for graduate students and researchers engaged in the study of photonics and optics.How Mechanics Shaped the Modern World: A Contextual Introduction to Concepts and Applications
By David H. Allen. 2023
This updated and augmented second edition covers the history of mechanics in such a way as to explain how this…
all-important discipline shaped our world. Like the first edition, Dr. Allen presents the material in an engaging, accessible manner, with many historic insights and thorough explanations of attending concepts. The text retains its coverage of classical mechanics, essentially Newtonian mechanics, and adds chapters on three additional topics that go well beyond classical mechanics: relativity, quantum/nanomechanics, and biomechanics.Mixed Boundary Problems in Solid Mechanics (UNITEXT #155)
By Natalya Vaysfeld, Zinaida Zhuravlova. 2023
The book covers a wide range of subjects and techniques related to mixed boundary problems of elasticity from basic concepts…
to special techniques that are unlikely to appear in traditional university graduate courses. This book may also be of interest to industrial researchers who encounter defects such as cracks and inclusions of different materials in mechanisms under different localization and type of loading. So the topics present the application of mathematical mechanics of solid bodies notably in elasticity, showing the interconnection of elasticity and temperature that would normally treated independently. Theoretical and experimental results are expected to be useful for researchers investigating a wide range of materials including metals, composites, ceramics, polymers, biomaterials and nanomaterials under different mechanical and temperature loading. The aim of the book is to introduce an interdisciplinary audience to a variety of stress state phenomena occurring in elasticity near defects and edges of the bodies. The book is aimed at researchers, primarily but not exclusively graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, specialists from Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Materials Science, and Engineering Mechanics and should naturally also be of interest to specialists of Physics and Applied Mathematics.Addysgu Ffiseg yn yr Uwchradd (Teaching Secondary Physics 3rd Edition Welsh Language edition)
By The Association Education. 2023
Enhance your teaching with expert advice and support for Key Stages 3 and 4 Physics from the Teaching Secondary series…
- the trusted teacher's guide for NQTs, non-specialists and experienced teachers.Written in association with ASE, this updated edition provides best practice teaching strategies from academic experts and practising teachers.- Refresh your subject knowledge, whatever your level of expertise- Gain strategies for delivering the big ideas of science using suggested teaching sequences- Engage students and develop their understanding with practical activities for each topic- Enrich your lessons and extend knowledge beyond the curriculum with enhancement ideas- Improve key skills with opportunities to introduce mathematics and scientific literacy highlighted throughout- Support the use of technology with ideas for online tasks, video suggestions and guidance on using cutting-edge software- Place science in context; this book highlights where you can apply science theory to real-life scenarios, as well as how the content can be used to introduce different STEM careersAlso available: Teaching Secondary Chemistry, Teaching Secondary BiologyEncyclopedia of Color Science and Technology
By Renzo Shamey. 2023
This fully revised and expanded 2nd edition provides a single authoritative resource describing the concepts of color and the application…
of color science across research and industry. Significant changes for the 2nd edition include: New and expanded sections on color engineeringMore entries on fundamental concepts of color science and color termsMany additional entries on specific materialsFurther material on optical concepts and human visual perceptionAdditional articles on organisations, tools and systems relevant to colorA new set of entries on 3D presentation of color In addition, many of the existing entries have been revised and updated to ensure that the content of the encyclopedia is current and represents the state of the art. The work covers the full gamut of color: the fundamentals of color science; the physics and chemistry; color as it relates to optical phenomena and the human visual system; and colorants and materials. The measurement of color is described through entries on colorimetry, color spaces, color difference metrics, color appearance models, color order systems and cognitive color. The encyclopedia also has extensive coverage of applications throughout industry, including color imaging, color capture, display and printing, and descriptions of color encodings, color management, processing color and applications relating to color synthesis for computer graphics are included. The broad scope of the work is illustrated through entries on color in art conservation, color and architecture, color and education, color and culture, and biographies of some of the key figures involved in color research throughout history. With over 250 entries from color science researchers across academia and industry, this expanded 2nd edition of the Encyclopedia of Color Science and Technology remains the most important single resource in color science.The Unity of Science: Exploring Our Universe, from the Big Bang to the Twenty-First Century
By Irwin Shapiro. 2023
A journey guided by science that explores the universe, the earth, and the story of life For Irwin Shapiro,…
science starts with questions. This book provides a broad and entertaining survey of major scientific discoveries that have changed our views of nature and, in turn, spawned further questions. Shapiro, an award-winning scientist and beloved teacher, separates his inquiry into three parts: looking up at the universe; looking down at the earth and its fossils; and looking in at the story of life. His framework encourages readers to view science as a detective story—to observe and question nature and natural phenomena, and to base all conclusions on scientific evidence. With his knowledgeable yet conversational approach, Shapiro offers an enjoyable way for the curious to learn about the foundations of a range of scientific topics: the motions of bodies in the cosmos, the history and structure of the earth, the evolution of organisms, and the search for extraterrestrial life and intelligence.An Invitation to Mathematical Biology
By David G Costa, Paul J Schulte. 2023
The textbook is designed to provide a "non-intimidating" entry to the field of mathematical biology. It is also useful for…
those wishing to teach an introductory course. Although there are many good mathematical biology texts available, most books are too advanced mathematically for most biology majors. Unlike undergraduate math majors, most biology major students possess a limited math background. Given that computational biology is a rapidly expanding field, more students should be encouraged to familiarize themselves with this powerful approach to understand complex biological phenomena. Ultimately, our goal with this undergraduate textbook is to provide an introduction to the interdisciplinary field of mathematical biology in a way that does not overly terrify an undergraduate biology major, thereby fostering a greater appreciation for the role of mathematics in biologyA Relatively Painless Guide to Special Relativity
By Dave Goldberg. 2023
Serious and accessible—finally the special relativity course book that both physics majors and lifelong learners deserve. Special relativity challenges…
one’s physical intuition of space, time, matter, and energy in a way that few other topics in physics do. Yet the subject is often treated as an extra in undergraduate courses—something to be picked up in a few random lectures and presented as a combination of geometric and logical puzzles (seemingly with the premise of getting the novice student to concede that Einstein was a genius and that the universe is weird). But special relativity is absolutely fundamental to modern physics. It is the canvas on which electromagnetism, particle physics, field theory, and ultimately general relativity are based. For physics students, developing a relativistic intuition isn’t just a luxury: it’s a requirement. Physicist and popular author Dave Goldberg provides a rigorous but conversational introduction to fill this void in spacetime education. Employing the standard calculus a sophomore or junior university student in science, engineering, or computer science will have encountered, Goldberg connects relativity to a student’s work ahead, acquainting them with topics like tensors, the development of new physical theories, and how relativity directly relates to other disciplines. But more than this, Goldberg welcomes lifelong learners who may have encountered special relativity in popular accounts, but are seeking a mathematical challenge to understand an elegant physical theory.