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Big History: From the Big Bang to the Present
By Cynthia Stokes Brown. 2007
&“This exciting saga crosses space and time to illustrate how humans, born of stardust, were shaped—and how they in turn…
shaped the world we know today.&” —Publishers Weekly This book offers &“world history on a grand scale&”—pulling back for a wider view and putting the relatively brief time span of human history in context. After all, our five thousand years of recorded civilization account for only about one millionth of the lifetime of our planet (Kirkus Reviews). Big History interweaves different disciplines of knowledge, drawing on both the natural sciences and the human sciences, to offer an all-encompassing account of history on Earth. This new edition is more relevant than ever before, as we increasingly grapple with accelerating rates of change and, ultimately, the legacy we will bequeath to future generations. Here is a path-breaking portrait of our world, from the birth of the universe from a single point the size of an atom to life on a twenty-first-century planet inhabited by seven billion people.Das Lehr- und Übungsbuch ist im Stil der Standardliteratur zur Technischen/Höheren Mechanik geschrieben und schließt inhaltlich an diese an. Theoretische…
Zusammenhänge werden mit Beispielen und Grafiken illustriert, dazu Übungsaufgaben mit durchgerechneten Lösungen im Anhang. Zielgruppe sind Studierende des Ingenieurwesens und praktisch tätige Ingenieure werden bei nichtlinearen Finite-Elemente-Simulationen unterstützt. In der Verknüpfung FEM-CAD setzt sich die kontinuumsmechanische Modellierung mit Volumenelementen durch, zudem wird Stahl oft durch nichtmetallische Werkstoffe ersetzt. Die Kapitel zur Materialtheorie tragen diesen Trends Rechnung. Weitere Themen sind Kinematik und Kinetik großer Deformationen sowie mathematische und thermodynamische Grundlagen. Für Elastizität und Plastizität wird jeweils auch das viskose Verhalten diskutiert. Das Materialverhalten bei großen Deformationen wird im Kontext mit der linearen Theorie und einfachen FE-Simulationen erläutert.Guide to Electricity and Magnetism: Using Mathematica for Calculations and Visualizations
By James W. Rohlf. 2024
This is a “how to guide” for a calculus-based introductory course in electricity and magnetism. Students taking the subject at…
an intermediate or advanced level may also find it to be a useful reference. The calculations are performed in Mathematica, and stress graphical visualization, units, and numerical answers. The techniques show the student how to learn the physics without being hung up on the math. There is a continuing movement to introduce more advanced computational methods into lower-level physics courses. Mathematica is a unique tool in that code is written as "human readable" much like one writes a traditional equation on the board.Key Features: Concise summary of the physics concepts. Over 300 worked examples in Mathematica. Tutorial to allow a beginner to produce fast results. The companion code for this book can be found here: https://physics.bu.edu/~rohlf/code.htmlEssential reading — New ScientistAn enthusiastic, mostly comprehensible account of a popular theory many scientists believe will unite two of…
the few remaining separate elements in the universe: matter and energy...Hooper does a fine job explaining historical physics and newer concepts — Kirkus Reviews“As the world’s most powerful particle accelerator revs up, Dan Hooper’s book is essential reading.” — New ScientistProceedings of the 30th International Laser Radar Conference (Springer Atmospheric Sciences)
By John T. Sullivan, Thierry Leblanc, Sara Tucker, Belay Demoz, Edwin Eloranta, Chris Hostetler, Shoken Ishii, Lucia Mona, Fred Moshary, Alexandros Papayannis, Krishna Rupavatharam. 2023
This volume presents papers from the biennial International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC), the world’s leading event in the field of…
atmospheric research using lidar. With growing environmental concerns to address such as air quality deterioration, stratospheric ozone depletion, extreme weather events, and changing climate, the lidar technique has never been as critical as it is today to monitor, alert, and help solve current and emerging problems of this century. The 30th occurrence of the ILRC unveils many of the newest results and discoveries in atmospheric science and laser remote sensing technology. The 30th ILRC conference program included all contemporary ILRC themes, leveraging on both the past events’ legacy and the latest advances in lidar technologies and scientific discoveries, with participation by young scientists particularly encouraged. This proceedings volume includes a compilation of cutting-edge research on the following themes: new lidar techniques and methodologies; measurement of clouds and aerosol properties; atmospheric temperature, wind, turbulence, and waves; atmospheric boundary layer processes and their role in air quality and climate; greenhouse gases, tracers, and transport in the free troposphere and above; the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere; synergistic use of multiple instruments and techniques, networks and campaigns; model validation and data assimilation using lidar measurements; space-borne lidar missions, instruments and science; ocean lidar instrumentation, techniques, and retrievals; and past, present and future synergy of heterodyne and direct detection lidar applications. In addition, special sessions celebrated 50 years of lidar atmospheric observations since the first ILRC, comprising review talks followed by a plenary discussion on anticipated future directions.Quantum Critical Phenomena of Valence Transition: Heavy Fermion Metals and Related Systems (Springer Tracts in Modern Physics #289)
By Shinji Watanabe, Kazumasa Miyake. 2023
This book comprehensively presents an unconventional quantum criticality caused by valence fluctuations, which offers theoretical understanding of unconventional Fermi-liquid properties…
in cerium- and ytterbium-based heavy fermion metals including CeCu2(Si,Ge)2 and CeRhIn5 under pressure, and quasicrystal β-YbAlB4 and Yb15Al34Au51. The book begins with an introduction to fundamental concepts for heavy fermion systems, valence fluctuation, and quantum phase transition, including self-consistent renormalization group theory. A subsequent chapter is devoted to a comprehensive description of the theory of the unconventional quantum criticality based on a valence transition, featuring explicit temperature dependence of various physical quantities, which allows for comparisons to relevant experiments. Lastly, it discusses how ubiquitous the valence fluctuation is, presenting candidate materials not only in heavy fermions, but also in strongly correlated electrons represented by high-Tc superconductor cuprates. Introductory chapters provide useful materials for learning fundamentals of heavy fermion systems and their theory. Further, experimental topics relevant to valence fluctuations are valuable resources for those who are new to the field to easily catch up with experimental background and facts.Photographing the Deep Sky: Images in Space and Time
By Chris Baker. 2018
Spectacular nebulae where stars are born, beautiful star clusters from the early formation of the Milky Way, and galaxies as…
far as a billion light years away, all feature in this book of stunning images from astrophotographer Chris Baker.The author takes the reader on a journey through time and space to the Deep Sky, far beyond our Solar System. It is a pictorial description of the awe-inspiring wondrous objects that exist out there."The images are of objects from hundreds to many millions of light years away; distances of such enormity are hard for our minds to grasp. The book presents fascinating information on what the Earth was like when the light started its earth-bound journey through space.For example, as the light left the Andromeda Galaxy 2.5 million years ago on its interstellar journey to Chriss telescope, the Himalayas are still being raised and Polar Bears roam Britain.Chapters are included describing the basics of astrophotography, as modern telescopes and cameras make this a rewarding hobby well within reach of the amateur astronomer. Chris describes his observatory in the mountains of Spain along with practical guidance on how to get started in astrophotography.With a concise, clear discussion on the background of astronomical science, this is above all, a book to celebrate the beauty and fascination of space.Yearbook of Astronomy, 2018
By Brian Jones, Richard S. Pearson. 2017
The YEARBOOK OF ASTRONOMY 2018 is a book no stargazer should be without.Recognized by both amateurs and professionals alike as…
an indispensable guide to the night sky, the Yearbook of Astronomy is one of the longest-running series of books on astronomy and the night sky and one of the only reference books to be fully revised each year. Formerly edited by Patrick Moore, this iconic publication first appeared way back in 1962 (well over half-a-century ago) and continues to be, as it was then, the main popular astronomy annual for amateur astronomers.Forthcoming editions will endeavor to maintain the popular style and familiarity of previous editions as well as offering its readers a new, invigorating and inspirational layout and presentation. The 2018 edition contains authoritative sky charts and detailed monthly sky notes that plot a clear path though the years lunar phases, eclipses, comets, meteor showers and minor planets as well as featuring a variety of articles covering a wide range of astronomy-related topics.Articles for the 2018 edition include: Solar System Exploration in 2017 by Peter Rea; Astronomy in 2017 by Rod Hine; Anniversaries in 2018 by Neil Haggath; Supermassive Black Holes by David M Harland; Comets and How to Photograph Them by Damian Peach; Some Pioneering Lady Astronomers by Mike Frost; Double and Multiple Stars by John McCue; Modern Video Astronomy by Steve Wainwright; Is There Still a Place for Art in Astronomy? by David A Hardy; and much more. Bursting with up-to-the-minute information, this Yearbook of Astronomy 2018 is, as ever, essential reading for anyone fascinated by the night sky . . .This book presents a new way of thinking about quantum mechanics and machine learning by merging the two. Quantum mechanics…
and machine learning may seem theoretically disparate, but their link becomes clear through the density matrix operator which can be readily approximated by neural network models, permitting a formulation of quantum physics in which physical observables can be computed via neural networks. As well as demonstrating the natural affinity of quantum physics and machine learning, this viewpoint opens rich possibilities in terms of computation, efficient hardware, and scalability. One can also obtain trainable models to optimize applications and fine-tune theories, such as approximation of the ground state in many body systems, and boosting quantum circuits’ performance. The book begins with the introduction of programming tools and basic concepts of machine learning, with necessary background material from quantum mechanics and quantum information also provided. This enables the basic building blocks, neural network models for vacuum states, to be introduced. The highlights that follow include: non-classical state representations, with squeezers and beam splitters used to implement the primary layers for quantum computing; boson sampling with neural network models; an overview of available quantum computing platforms, their models, and their programming; and neural network models as a variational ansatz for many-body Hamiltonian ground states with applications to Ising machines and solitons. The book emphasizes coding, with many open source examples in Python and TensorFlow, while MATLAB and Mathematica routines clarify and validate proofs. This book is essential reading for graduate students and researchers who want to develop both the requisite physics and coding knowledge to understand the rich interplay of quantum mechanics and machine learning.Fundamentals of NMR and MRI: From Quantum Principles to Medical Applications
By Fatemeh Khashami. 2024
This book bridges the gap between physical foundations and medical applications of the NMR and MRI technologies, making them accessible…
to both physicists and biomedical scientists. The physical basis of these technologies is discussed in a manner that can be easily understood by scientists from different backgrounds, aiding them in gaining a clearer understanding of the subject.. For instance, the medical applications of NMR and MRI technologies are described in a way that is accessible to physicists. Moreover, geometrical descriptions and specific mathematical tools are used to facilitate the visualizations of many concepts. Furthermore, the book covers modern technologies such as hyperpolarization and several other state-of-the-art techniques, along with their foundations.Advanced Methods of Joint Inversion and Fusion of Multiphysics Data (Advances in Geological Science)
By Michael S. Zhdanov. 2023
Different physical or geophysical methods provide information about distinctive physical properties of the objects, e.g., rock formations and mineralization. In…
many cases, this information is mutually complementary, which makes it natural for consideration in a joint inversion of the multiphysics data. Inversion of the observed data for a particular experiment is subject to considerable uncertainty and ambiguity. One productive approach to reducing uncertainty is to invert several types of data jointly. Nonuniqueness can also be reduced by incorporating additional information derived from available a priori knowledge about the target to reduce the search space for the solution. This additional information can be incorporated in the form of a joint inversion of multiphysics data.Generally established joint inversion methods, however, are inadequate for incorporating typical physical or geological complexity. For example, analytic, empirical, or statistical correlations between different physical properties may exist for only part of the model, and their specific form may be unknown. Features or structures that are present in the data of one physical method may not be present in the data generated by another physical method or may not be equally resolvable.This book presents and illustrates several advanced, new approaches to joint inversion and data fusion, which do not require a priori knowledge of specific empirical or statistical relationships between the different model parameters or their attributes. These approaches include the following novel methods, among others: 1) the Gramian method, which enforces the correlation between different parameters; 2) joint total variation functional or joint focusing stabilizers, e.g., minimum support and minimum gradient support constraints; 3) data fusion employing a joint minimum entropy stabilizer, which yields the simplest multiphysics solution that fits the multi-modal data. In addition, the book describes the principles of using artificial intelligence (AI) in solving multiphysics inverse problems. The book also presents in detail both the mathematical principles of these advanced approaches to joint inversion of multiphysics data and successful case histories of regional-scale and deposit-scale geophysical studies to illustrate their indicated advantages.The Milky Way: An Autobiography of Our Galaxy
By Moiya McTier. 2022
In this approachable and fascinating biography of the galaxy, an astrophysicist and folklorist details everything humans have discovered—from the Milky…
Way's formation to its eventual death, and what else there is to learn about the universe we call home. After a few billion years of bearing witness to life on Earth, of watching one hundred billion humans go about their day-to-day lives, of feeling unbelievably lonely, and of hearing its own story told by others, The Milky Way would like a chance to speak for itself. All one hundred billion stars and fifty undecillion tons of gas of it. It all began some thirteen billion years ago, when clouds of gas scattered through the universe's primordial plasma just could not keep their metaphorical hands off each other. They succumbed to their gravitational attraction, and the galaxy we know as the Milky Way was born. Since then, the galaxy has watched as dark energy pushed away its first friends, as humans mythologized its name and purpose, and as galactic archaeologists have worked to determine its true age (rude). The Milky Way has absorbed supermassive (an actual technical term) black holes, made enemies of a few galactic neighbors, and mourned the deaths of countless stars. Our home galaxy has even fallen in love. After all this time, the Milky Way finally feels that it's amassed enough experience for the juicy tell-all we've all been waiting for. Its fascinating autobiography recounts the history and future of the universe in accessible but scientific detail, presenting a summary of human astronomical knowledge thus far that is unquestionably out of this world. NAMED A BEST BOOK OF 2022 BY PUBLISHERS WEEKLY AND SCIENCENET NAMED A BEST AUDIOBOOK OF 2022 BY BOOKPAGETaking the Quantum Leap: The New Physics for Nonscientists
By Fred A. Wolf. 1981
World renowned physicist Fred Alan Wolf explains the scientific concepts of quantum mechanics in accessible language for nonscientists.Winner of the…
National Book AwardTaking the Quantum Leap entertainingly traces the history of physics from the observations of the early Greeks through the discoveries of Galileo and Newton to the dazzling theories of such scientists as Planck, Einstein, Bohr, and Bohm. This humanized view of science opens up the mind-stretching visions of how quantum mechanics, God, human thought, and will are related, and provides profound implications for our understanding of the nature of reality and our relationship to the cosmos.“The prose, indeed, is exhilarating, and exhibits a passion to explain—humorously . . . Wolf provides commendable explanations of visions and revisions of atomic models; he is fin, in particular, on the Uncertainty Principle . . . Enjoy the book for its bravura.” —Kirkus ReviewsThis book focuses in detail on data science and data analysis and emphasizes the importance of data engineering and data…
management in the design of big data applications. The author uses patterns discovered in a collection of big data applications to provide design principles for hypothesis generation, integrating big data processing and management, machine learning and data mining techniques. The book proposes and explains innovative principles for interpreting hypotheses by integrating micro-explanations (those based on the explanation of analytical models and individual decisions within them) with macro-explanations (those based on applied processes and model generation). Practical case studies are used to demonstrate how hypothesis-generation and -interpretation technologies work. These are based on “social infrastructure” applications like in-bound tourism, disaster management, lunar and planetary exploration, and treatment of infectious diseases. The novel methods and technologies proposed in Hypothesis Generation and Interpretation are supported by the incorporation of historical perspectives on science and an emphasis on the origin and development of the ideas behind their design principles and patterns. Academic investigators and practitioners working on the further development and application of hypothesis generation and interpretation in big data computing, with backgrounds in data science and engineering, or the study of problem solving and scientific methods or who employ those ideas in fields like machine learning will find this book of considerable interest.Optical Fiber Current and Voltage Sensors (Series in Fiber Optic Sensors)
By Klaus Bohnert. 2024
Optical Fiber Current and Voltage Sensors is the first book to provide a complete, comprehensive and up to date treatment…
of the domain of fiber optic and polarimetric sensors, covering fundamental operating principles, characteristics, and construction. Written by one of the most recognised experts in polarimetric sensing, Optical Fiber Current and Voltage Sensors begins by covering the fundamentals of polarized light, as well as essential sensor components. The author then goes on to outline various sensor types and their applications, with a focus on sensors for electric phenomena. The chapters then lay out the demands that sensors need to meet, the technical obstacles and limitations which need to be considered. The book also covers comparisons to corresponding traditional instruments, as well as covering alternative non-conventional sensors. This book will be of interest to a broad audience of prospective readers ranging from graduate research students, to researchers in physics and engineering fields, to industry professionals active in the field who wish to learn about the technology and/or are interested in the development of new commercial solutions based on polarimetric-type fiber sensing as well as their use for high voltage current and voltage sensing.Scattering Amplitudes in Quantum Field Theory (Lecture Notes in Physics #1021)
By Simon Badger, Johannes Henn, Jan Christoph Plefka, Simone Zoia. 2024
This open access book bridges a gap between introductory Quantum Field Theory (QFT) courses and state-of-the-art research in scattering amplitudes.…
It covers the path from basic definitions of QFT to amplitudes, which are relevant for processes in the Standard Model of particle physics. The book begins with a concise yet self-contained introduction to QFT, including perturbative quantum gravity. It then presents modern methods for calculating scattering amplitudes, focusing on tree-level amplitudes, loop-level integrands and loop integration techniques. These methods help to reveal intriguing relations between gauge and gravity amplitudes and are of increasing importance for obtaining high-precision predictions for collider experiments, such as those at the Large Hadron Collider, as well as for foundational mathematical physics studies in QFT, including recent applications to gravitational wave physics.These course-tested lecture notes include numerous exercises with solutions. Requiring only minimal knowledge of QFT, they are well-suited for MSc and PhD students as a preparation for research projects in theoretical particle physics. They can be used as a one-semester graduate level course, or as a self-study guide for researchers interested in fundamental aspects of quantum field theory.The Goldilocks Enigma: Why Is the Universe Just Right for Life?
By Paul Davies. 2007
An acclaimed physicist and cosmologist considers the multiverse and more: &“Very readable indeed . . . This is Doctor Who, but for real.&” —TheGuardianThe…
Goldilocks Enigma is Paul Davies&’s eagerly awaited return to cosmology, the successor to his critically acclaimed bestseller The Mind of God. Here he tackles all the &“big questions,&” including the biggest of them all: Why does the universe seem so well adapted for life? In his characteristically clear and elegant style, Davies shows how recent scientific discoveries point to a perplexing fact: many different aspects of the cosmos, from the properties of the humble carbon atom to the speed of light, seem tailor-made to produce life. A radical new theory says it&’s because our universe is just one of an infinite number of universes, each one slightly different. Our universe is bio-friendly by accident—we just happened to win the cosmic jackpot. While this &“multiverse&” theory is compelling, it has bizarre implications, such as the existence of infinite copies of each of us and Matrix-like simulated universes. And it still leaves a lot unexplained. Davies believes there&’s a more satisfying solution to the problem of existence: the observations we make today could help shape the nature of reality in the remote past. If this is true, then life—and, ultimately, consciousness—aren&’t just incidental byproducts of nature, but central players in the evolution of the universe. Whether he&’s elucidating dark matter or dark energy, M-theory or the multiverse, Davies brings the leading edge of science into sharp focus, provoking us to think about the cosmos and our place within it in new and thrilling ways.Survival Guide Wissenschaft: (Über-)Lebenstipps für akademische Karrieren
By Kai Noeske, Benjamin Rott, Katrin Hille. 2023
Survival Guide Wissenschaft – der unverzichtbare Begleiter für angehende Wissenschaftler:innen! Wertvolle Ratschläge, bewährte Strategien und Insiderwissen aus vielen Jahrzehnten akademischer…
Laufbahnen mit Kurven, Ecken und Kanten. Tipps und Tricks, Dos and Don’ts, um wissenschaftliche Karrieren an Universitäten und anderen Forschungseinrichtungen zu starten, zu überleben und erfolgreich voranzutreiben. Von der Forschungsplanung bis zur Bewerbung um Stipendien und Stellen, von der Netzwerkbildung bis zur Work-Life-Balance, aber auch Exit-Strategien – dieser Survival Guide liefert die entscheidenden (Über-)Lebenstipps für ein Leben in Academia.Cómo funciona la ciencia (DK How Stuff Works)
By Dk. 2018
Encuentra respuestas científicas a las preguntas que siempre te has hecho, desde que significa estar vivo hasta por qué explotan…
las cosas.Este libro de ciencia nos desvela todos los secretos del universo. Deslumbra a tus amigos y familiares con respuestas a las preguntas científicas cotidianas, como ¿cómo se mantienen los aviones en el aire? ¿Cómo funciona una computadora? ¡y mucho más!Mediante explicaciones claras, gráficos y esquemas visuales, este libro de ciencia en español explica conceptos científicos que no te enseñaron en la escuela, hasta los últimos descubrimientos y noticias científicas como el descubrimiento del Bosón de Higgs. ¡Verás que esto sí que es ciencia simplificada!Tanto para el estudiante de ciencias como para cualquier persona interesada en ampliar sus conocimientos en el campo científico.Este libro es el compañero ideal de El libro de la ciencia de la serie de Big Ideas (Spanish Edition)Ciencia: la mejor manera de entender el universo¿Qué es la materia, la energía, la vida, el espacio? ¡Estamos rodeados de ciencia! Aprende a identificar y a comprender cómo funciona desde la electricidad hasta la realidad virtual, desde la transmisión genética al envejecimiento. Explora el mundo de las estrellas, las galaxias y descubre cuál es el tamaño del universo. Esta guía sobre la ciencia nos descubre todos los aspectos sobre la existencia humana desde la mirada científica. Comprenderás cómo se forma la luz, el sonido, o la presión. Aprenderás a definir conceptos como la relatividad, la inteligencia artificial, la inteligencia física, la nanotecnología, los virus, la terapia genética, la física cuántica, la clonación e incluso el Big Bang.Una guía de referencia actualizada sobre todos los descubrimientos que nos regala la ciencia a día a de hoy, desde el origen del universo hasta los robots, a través de los siguientes capítulos:La materia.Energía y fuerzas.La vida.El espacio.La Tierra.Cómo funciona la ciencia, pertenece a la colección de libros juveniles en español de Conocimiento de la editorial DK, un rincón de nuestro catálogo destinado a mentes jóvenes curiosas que estén interesadas en conocer más sobre el mundo que les rodea, con disciplinas tales como la filosofía, economía y psicología. Los títulos incluidos en esta colección responden a infinidad de preguntas con un lenguaje sencillo y cercano y se apoyan en formidables ilustraciones y esquemas para ayudar a entender complejos asuntos y teorías que capten el interés del público juvenil, mientras desarrollan sus habilidades lectoras y sus conocimientos generales.The Cosmos: An Eye-Opening Look at Our Sun, Its Planets, and Their Moons (Idiot's Guides)
By Christopher De Pree. 2014
Major new discoveries in space are made almost weekly and there is so much for any new enthusiast to learn…
and explore. Beginning with the solar system, the Sun, all its planets, major moons, and other features, such as the asteroid belt, Idiot's Guides: The Cosmos is packed with information and features the best photos from various explorations. Beautiful photography and detailed descriptions of the various types of masses are compared to Earth-- making the information as easy to grasp as possible. The book also explores the Milky Way, the various star types, including black holes, galaxy filaments, and much more.Idiot's Guides: The Cosmos is a fascinating and easy-to-understand exploration of the universe. Dozens of stunning, full-color photos highlight the latest discoveries and beauty of space, including the solar system, the Sun, the asteroid belt, the Milky Way, various star types, black holes, and more.