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Corruption Networks: Concepts and Applications (Understanding Complex Systems)
By Oscar M. Granados, José R. Nicolás-Carlock. 2021
This book aims to gather the insight of leading experts on corruption and anti-corruption studies working at the scientific frontier…
of this phenomenon using the multidisciplinary tools of data and network science, in order to present current theoretical, empirical, and operational efforts being performed in order to curb this problem. The research results strengthen the importance of evidence-based approaches in the fight against corruption in all its forms, and foster the discussion about the best ways to convert the obtained knowledge into public policy.The contributed chapters provide comprehensive and multidisciplinary approaches to handle the non-trivial structural and dynamical aspects that characterize the modern social, economic, political and technological systems where corruption takes place.This book will serve a broad multi-disciplinary audience from natural to social scientists, applied mathematicians, including law and policymakers.The Mixing of Magmas: Field Evidence, Numerical Models, Experiments (Advances in Volcanology)
By Diego Perugini. 2021
This book provides a common theoretical and practical basis to the multifaceted nature of magma mixing. This process represents a…
fundamental phenomenon both in the evolution of igneous rocks and in triggering explosive volcanic eruptions. The topic is attacked surgically merging field evidence, numerical models, and experiments in order to draw the most complete picture about this natural process. Arguments are discussed in the light of Chaos Theory and Fractal Geometry as new tools to understand the role of magma mixing as a fundamental petrological and volcanological process. The book is intended to be a source of information and a stimulus for new ideas in students, young and possibly more experienced researches.Generations of Reason: A Family's Search for Meaning in Post-Newtonian England
By Joan L. Richards. 2021
An intimate, accessible history of British intellectual development across the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, through the story of one family…
This book recounts the story of three Cambridge-educated Englishmen and the women with whom they chose to share their commitment to reason in all parts of their lives. The reason this family embraced was an essentially human power with the potential to generate true insight into all aspects of the world. In exploring the ways reason permeated three generations of English experience, this book casts new light on key developments in English cultural and political history, from the religious conformism of the eighteenth century through the Napoleonic era into the Industrial Revolution and prosperity of the Victorian age. At the same time, it restores the rich world of the essentially meditative, rational sciences of theology, astronomy, mathematics, and logic to their proper place in the English intellectual landscape. Following the development of their views over the course of an eventful one hundred years of English history illuminates the fine structure of ways reason still operates in our world.Florence Nightingale: Social Reformer and Pioneer of Nursing (History Makers Ser.)
By Sarah Ridley. 2020
Perfect for children aged 8+, this accessible biography of Florence Nightingale's life shows us why we still remember her today…
- 200 years after her birth (May 1820). Not only did Florence improve the lives of British soldiers wounded in the Crimean War, but as a professional and hard-working, extremely clever public-health reformer she led the establishment of a training school for nurses, better designed hospitals, improved sanitation and the idea of healthcare for all (leading eventually to the NHS). All this at a time when girls and women were expected to live their lives in the private sphere of marriage and home. The book is packed with images of objects, photographs and sketches to illuminate her life story, including her pet owl, her wooden lunchbox and her travelling medicine chest. Then there are her books, and her endless lists and reports (she was fantastic with statistics), and of course the famous Turkish lantern she bought from a market in Istanbul and used to light her way down the corridors and wards of the military hospital at Scutari.Physical Principles of Astronomical Instrumentation (Series in Astronomy and Astrophysics)
By Peter A. Ade, Matthew J. Griffin, Carole E. Tucker. 2022
Offering practical advice on a range of wavelengths, this highly accessible and self-contained book presents a broad overview of astronomical…
instrumentation, techniques, and tools. Drawing on the notes and lessons of the authors’ established graduate course, the text reviews basic concepts in astrophysics, spectroscopy, and signal analysis. It includes illustrative problems and case studies and aims to provide readers with a toolbox for observational capabilities across the electromagnetic spectrum and the knowledge to understand which tools are best suited to different observations. It is an ideal guide for undergraduates and graduates studying astronomy. Features: Presents a self-contained account of a highly complex subject. Offers practical advice and instruction on a wide range of wavelengths and tools. Includes case studies and problems for further learning opportunities.This thesis explores two distinct applications of laser spectroscopy: the study of nuclear ground state properties, and element selective radioactive…
ion beam production. It also presents the methods and results of an investigation into isotope shifts in the mercury isotopic chain. These Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source (RILIS) developments are detailed, together with an RILIS ionization scheme that allowed laser ionized ion beams of chromium, germanium, radium and tellurium to be generated at the Isotope Mass Separator On-Line (ISOLDE) facility. A combination of laser spectroscopy with decay spectroscopy and mass spectrometry unambiguously demonstrated a cessation of the extreme shape staggering first observed in the 1970s and revealed the characteristic kink at the crossing of the N=126 shell closure. A series of RILIS developments were required to facilitate this experiment, including mercury “ionization scheme” development and the coupling of the RILIS with an arc discharge ion source. Laser spectroscopy has since become a powerful tool for nuclear physics and the Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source (RILIS), of the ISOLDE facility at CERN, is a prime example. Highlighting important advances in this field, the thesis offers a unique and revealing resource.Wo sind sie alle?: Fünfzig Lösungen für das Fermi-Paradoxon
By Stephen Webb. 2021
Allein in unserer Galaxie gibt es etwa eine Milliarde erdähnlicher Planeten. Im sichtbaren Universum finden sich etwa 200 Milliarden Galaxien. Liegt es…
daher nicht nahe, dass sich irgendwo da draußen eine Zivilisation entwickelt hat, die mindestens genauso fortgeschritten ist wie unsere eigene? Die schieren Zahlen verlangen fast danach. Aber: Wieso sind wir dann noch nicht auf Botschaften, Artefakte oder sonstige Hinweise auch nur einer einzigen außerirdischen Zivilisation gestoßen?In diesem Buch führt Stephen Webb durch fünfzig überzeugende und faszinierende Lösungen des berühmten Fermi-Paradoxons, die kurzweilig präsentiert zum Nachdenken und auch Schmunzeln anregen.Modern Nuclear Physics: From Fundamentals to Frontiers (UNITEXT for Physics)
By Alexandre Obertelli, Hiroyuki Sagawa. 2021
This textbook is a unique and ambitious primer of nuclear physics, which introduces recent theoretical and experimental progresses starting from…
basics in fundamental quantum mechanics. The highlight is to offer an overview of nuclear structure phenomena relevant to recent key findings such as unstable halo nuclei, superheavy elements, neutron stars, nucleosynthesis, the standard model, lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD), and chiral effective theory. An additional attraction is that general properties of nuclei are comprehensively explained from both the theoretical and experimental viewpoints. The book begins with the conceptual and mathematical basics of quantum mechanics, and goes into the main point of nuclear physics – nuclear structure, radioactive ion beam physics, and nuclear reactions. The last chapters devote interdisciplinary topics in association with astrophysics and particle physics. A number of illustrations and exercises with complete solutions are given. Each chapter is comprehensively written starting from fundamentals to gradually reach modern aspects of nuclear physics with the objective to provide an effective description of the cutting edge in the field.In the second half of the last century solid state physics and materials science experienced a great advance and established…
itself as an important and independent new field This book provides an introduction to the fundamentals of solid state physics including a description of the key people in the field and the historic context The book concentrates on the electric and magnetic properties of materials It is written for students up to the bachelor in the fields of physics materials science and electric engineering Because of its vivid explanations and its didactic approach it can also serve as a motivating pre-stage and supporting companion in the study of the established and more detailed textbooks of solid state physics The book is suitable for a quick repetition prior to examinations For his scientific accomplishments in 1992 the author received the Max-Planck Research Price and in 2001 the Cryogenics Price He studied physics and mathematics at the University of Marburg as well at the Technical Universities of Munich and Darmstadt In 1958 he obtained his PhD in experimental physics at the University of Marburg After working at the Research Center Karlsruhe and at a research institute near Albany New York he worked for 12 years at the Argonne National Laboratory near Chicago Illinois In 1974 he accepted an appointment at a chair of Experimental Physics at the University of T bingen There he taught and performed research until his retirement in 1999Frequently Asked Questions About the Universe
By Daniel Whiteson, Jorge Cham. 2021
You've got questions: about space, time, gravity, and the odds of meeting your older self inside a wormhole. All the…
answers you need are right here.As a species, we may not agree on much, but one thing brings us all together: a need to know. We all wonder, and deep down we all have the same big questions. Why can't I travel back in time? Where did the universe come from? What's inside a black hole? Can I rearrange the particles in my cat and turn it into a dog?Physics professor Daniel Whiteson and researcher-turned-cartoonist Jorge Cham are experts at explaining science in ways we can all understand, in their books and on their popular podcast, Daniel and Jorge Explain the Universe. With their signature blend of humour and oh-now-I-get-it clarity, Jorge and Daniel offer short, accessible, and lighthearted answers to some of the most common, most outrageous, and most profound questions about the universe they've been asked.This witty, entertaining, and fully illustrated book is an essential troubleshooting guide for the perplexing aspects of reality, big and small, from the invisible particles that make up your body to the identical version of you currently reading this exact sentence in the corner of some other galaxy. If the universe came with an FAQ, this would be it.About the Oddities of Quantum Mechanics (essentials)
By Josef Honerkamp. 2021
Quantum mechanics is a physical theory for objects of the microcosm, e.g. for atoms or electrons. It has proven itself…
so far, but leads to the fact that we have to grant properties and relations to these objects, which are neither compatible with our common sense nor with the concepts of classical physics. These peculiarities are presented and their meaning for our cognitive faculty and for a world view is discussed.This Springer essential is a translation of the original German 1st edition essentials, Über die Merkwürdigkeiten der Quantenmechanik by Josef Honerkamp, published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2020. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.Introduction to Econophysics: Contemporary Approaches with Python Simulations
By Carlo Requião da Cunha. 2022
Econophysics explores the parallels between physics and economics and is an exciting topic that is attracting increasing attention. However there…
is a lack of literature that explains the topic from a broad perspective. This book introduces advanced undergraduates and graduate students in physics and engineering to the topic from this outlook, and is accompanied by rigorous mathematics which ensures that this will also be a good guide for established researchers in the field as well as researchers from other fields, such as mathematics and statistics, who are interested in the topic. Key features: Presents a multidisciplinary approach that will be of interest to students and researchers from physics, engineering, mathematics, statistics, and other physical sciences Accompanied by Python code with further learning opportunities, available for readers to download from the CRC Press website. Accessible to both students and researchers Carlo R. da Cunha is an associate professor of physics and engineering physics at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) and has been since 2011. Dr. da Cunha received his M.Sc. Degree from the West Virginia University in 2001 and his Ph.D. degree from Arizona State University in 2005. He was a postdoctoral researcher at McGill University in Canada in 2006 and an assistant professor of engineering at the University Federal de Santa Catarina between 2007 and 2011. He has been a guest professor at the Technische Universität Wien (Austria), Chiba University (Japan) and Arizona State University (US). His research revolves around the physics of complex systems where he has been drawing parallels between physical and economic systems from quantum to social levels.This book presents the kinematic earthquake rupture studies from moment tenor to spatial-temporal rupture imaging. For real-time seismic hazard monitoring,…
the new stable automatic moment tensor (AutoBATS) algorithm is developed and implemented for the real-time MT reports by the Taiwan Earthquake Science Information System (TESIS). In order to understand the rupture behavior of the 2013 Mw 8.3 Okhotsk deep earthquake sequence, the 3D MUltiple SIgnal Classification Back Projection (MUSIC BP) with P and pP phases is applied. The combined P- and pP-wave BP imaging of the mainshock shows two stages of anti-parallel ruptures along two depths separating for about 10~15 km. Unusual super-shear ruptures are observed through the 3D BP images of two Mw 6.7 aftershocks. In last two chapters, the 3D BP imaging reveals similar rupture properties of two shallow catastrophic earthquakes (Mw=6.4) in southwestern Taiwan. Both the 2010 Jiashian and 2016 Meinong earthquakes ruptured westward with similar velocity of ~2.5 km/s along a NE-ward shallow dipping blind fault. The rupture similarities of the doublet suggest two parallel elongate asperities along the causative fault. After several decades of seismic quiescence, the 2010 Jiashian event initiated the rupture at the deeper asperity and triggered the shallower asperity which caused catastrophes six years later.The Interaction of Spin with Gravity in Particle Physics: Low Energy Quantum Gravity (Lecture Notes in Physics #993)
By Gaetano Lambiase, Giorgio Papini. 2021
This book seeks to present a new way of thinking about the interaction of gravitational fields with quantum systems. Despite…
the massive amounts of research and experimentation, the myriad meetings, seminars and conferences, all of the articles, treatises and books, and the seemingly endless theorization, quantization and just plain speculation that have been engaged in regarding our evolving understanding of the quantum world, that world remains an enigma, even to the experts. The usefulness of general relativity in this regard has proven to be imperfect at best, but there is a new approach. We do not simply have to accept the limitations of Einstein's most celebrated theorem in regard to quantum theory; we can also embrace them, and thereby utilize them, to reveal new facts about the behavior of quantum systems within inertial and gravitational fields, and therefore about the very structure of space–time at the quantum level. By taking existing knowledge of the essential functionality of spin (along with the careful identification of the omnipresent inertial effects) and applying it to the quantum world, the book gives the reader a much clearer picture of the difference between the classical and quantum behaviors of a particle, shows that Einstein's ideas may not be as incompatible within this realm as many have come to believe, sparks new revelations of the way in which gravity affects quantum systems and brings a new level of efficiency—quantum efficiency, if you will—to the study of gravitational theory.This book introduces the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST), also known as the "The Sky Eye", one of the…
China’s big science facilities. Using easy-to-understand language, the book covers the scientific background, construction process, achievements, and effects of FAST on the development of the national economy. With a large number of intuitive and vivid images and videos, the book presents basic information on FAST for general readers who are interested in astronomy.Effects of Non-locality in Gravity and Quantum Theory (Springer Theses)
By Jens Boos. 2021
This thesis is devoted to the systematic study of non-local theories that respect Lorentz invariance and are devoid of new,…
unphysical degrees of freedom. Such theories are attractive for phenomenological applications since they are mostly unconstrained by current experiments. Non-locality has played an increasingly important role in the physics of the last decades, appearing in effective actions in quantum field theory, and arising naturally in string theory and non-commutative geometry. It may even be a necessary ingredient for quantum theories of gravity. It is a feature of quantum entanglement, and may even solve the long-standing black hole information loss problem. “Non-locality” is a broad concept with many promising and fruitful applications in theoretical and mathematical physics. After a historical and pedagogical introduction into the concept of non-locality the author develops the notion of non-local Green functions to study various non-local weak-field problems in quantum mechanics, quantum field theory, gravity, and quantum field theory in curved spacetime. This thesis fills a gap in the literature by providing a self-contained exploration of weak-field effects in non-local theories, thereby establishing a “non-local intuition” which may serve as a stepping stone for studies of the full, non-linear problem of non-locality.My Inventions and Other Writing and Lectures (Dover Thrift Editions)
By Nikola Tesla. 2021
This volume presents one of the richest and most comprehensive collections of writings by Nikolai Tesla, a founding figure of…
the modern electrical power industry and long-time rival of Thomas Edison. Included is Tesla's autobiography, My Inventions, and the lengthy philosophical essay "The Problem of Increasing Human Energy: With Special Reference to the Harnessing of the Sun's Energy," as well as a series of lectures: "A New System of Alternate Current Motors and Transformers," "On Electricity," and more.Optical Fiber Sensing Technologies: Principles, Techniques and Applications
By Shuang Wang, Kun Liu, Tiegen Liu, Junfeng Jiang. 2022
Optical Fiber Sensing Technologies Explore foundational and advanced topics in optical fiber sensing technologies In Optical Fiber Sensing Technologies: Principles,…
Techniques, and Applications, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a comprehensive overview of all critical aspects of optical fiber sensing devices, systems, and technologies. The book moves from the basic principles of the technology to innovation methods and a broad range of applications, including Bragg grating sensing technology, intra-cavity laser gas sensing technology, optical coherence tomography, distributed vibration sensing, and acoustic sensing. The accomplished authors bridge the gap between innovative new research in the field and practical engineering solutions, offering readers an unmatched source of practical, application-ready knowledge. Ideal for anyone seeking to further the boundaries of the science of optical fiber sensing or the technological applications for which these techniques are used, Optical Fiber Sensing Technologies: Principles, Techniques, and Applications also includes: Thorough introductions to optical fiber and optical devices, as well as optical fiber Bragg grating sensing technology Practical discussions of Extrinsic-Fabry-Perot-Interferometer-based optical fiber sensing technology, acoustic sensing technology, and high-temperature sensing technology Comprehensive explorations of assemble free micro-interferometer-based optical fiber sensing technology In-depth examinations of optical fiber intra-cavity laser gas sensing technology Perfect for applied and semiconductor physicists, Optical Fiber Sensing Technologies: Principles, Techniques, and Applications is also an invaluable resource for professionals working in the semiconductor, optical, and sensor industries, as well as materials scientists and engineers for measurement and control.Physik der Halbleiterbauelemente
By Simon M. Sze, Kwok K. Ng, Yiming Li. 2022
Physik der Halbleiterbauelemente Das Standardwerk zur Physik der Halbleiterbauelemente – erstmals auf Deutsch! Dieses einzigartige Buch, geschrieben von Pionieren auf…
dem Gebiet, behandelt sämtliche Aspekte der Physik der Halbleiterbauelemente, die zu deren Verständnis, Betrieb, Weiter- und Neuentwicklung notwendig sind. Wie das englische Original ist die deutsche Ausgabe ein äußerst nützliches Nachschlagewerk in der industrieorientierten Halbleiterforschung und eignet sich ebenfalls ausgezeichnet als Einstiegsliteratur für Studierende sowie als Unterrichtsmaterial für Vortragende. Bei der deutschen Ausgabe wurde besonderer Wert auf eine gute Lesbarkeit gelegt und daher die Übersetzung, teilweise unter Rückgriff auf die von den Autoren zitierten Originalquellen, so gestaltet, dass unnötige Anglizismen vermieden werden. Das englische Fachvokabular ist ergänzend an den entsprechenden Stellen im Text eingearbeitet, um den Leserinnen und Lesern den Gebrauch der englischsprachigen Fachliteratur zu erleichtern. Gelegentliche Anmerkungen im Text und Verweise auf weitere Originalquellen tragen zusätzlich zum besseren Verständnis der Materie bei. Als das Referenzwerk schlechthin ist der „Sze“ ein Muss für alle, die sich in Forschung, Entwicklung und Lehre mit Halbleiterbauelementen beschäftigen. Die Inhalte sind kompakt und präzise beschrieben und eignen sich perfekt für den Einstieg in das jeweilige Gebiet, komplettiert durch vertiefende Übungsbeispiele zu jedem Kapitel. Physik der Halbleiterbauelemente bietet eine unerreichte Detailfülle und ausführliche Informationen über die Physik und den Betrieb aller relevanten Halbleiterbauelemente, mit 1000 Literaturangaben, 650 technischen Illustrationen sowie 25 Tabellen mit Material- und Bauelementparametern. Aus dem Inhalt: Halbleiterphysik-Grundlagen p-n Übergänge Metall-Halbleiter-Kontakte MIS-Kondensatoren Bipolartransistoren MOSFETs Nichtflüchtige Speicher JFETs MESFETs und MODFETs Tunnel-Bauelemente IMPATT-Dioden TE- und RST-Devices Thyristoren und Leistungsbauelemente Photodetektoren und Solarzellen SensorenMagnetic Measurement Techniques for Materials Characterization
By Victorino Franco, Brad Dodrill. 2021
This book discusses the most commonly used techniques for characterizing magnetic material properties and their applications. It provides a comprehensive…
and easily digestible collection and review of magnetic measurement techniques. It also examines the underlying operating principles and techniques of magnetic measurements, and presents current examples where such measurements and properties are relevant. Given the pervasive nature of magnetic materials in everyday life, this book is a vital resource for both professionals and students wishing to deepen their understanding of the subject.