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Advances in the Theory of System Decoupling
By Rubens Gonçalves Salsa Junior, Fai Ma. 2021
This book presents a concise, clear, and consistent account of the methodology of phase synchronization, an extension of modal analysis…
to decouple any linear system in real space. It expounds on the novel theory of phase synchronization and presents recent advances, while also providing relevant background on classical decoupling theories that are used in structural analysis. The theory is illustrated with a broad range of examples. The theoretical development is also supplemented by applications to engineering problems. In addition, the methodology is implemented in a MATLAB algorithm which can be used to solve many of the illustrative examples in the book. This book is suited for researchers, practicing engineers, and graduate students in various fields of engineering, mathematics, and physical science.The End of Time: The Maya Mystery of 2012
By Anthony Aveni. 2009
December 21, 2012. The Internet, bookshelves, and movie theaters are full of prophecies, theories, and predictions that this date marks…
the end of the world, or at least the end of the world as we know it. Whether the end will result from the magnentic realignment of the north and south poles, bringing floods, earthquakes, death, and destruction; or from the return of alien caretakers to enlighten or enslave us; or from a global awakening, a sudden evolution of Homo sapiens into non-corporeal beings—theories of great, impending changes abound. In The End of Time, award-winning astronomer and Maya researcher Anthony Aveni explores these theories, explains their origins, and measures them objectively against evidence unearthed by Maya archaeologists, iconographers, and epigraphers. He probes the latest information astronomers and earth scientists have gathered on the likelihood of Armageddon and the oft-proposed link between the Maya Long Count cycle and the precession of the equinoxes. He then expands on these prophecies to include the broader context of how other cultures, ancient and modern, thought about the “end of things” and speculates on why cataclysmic events in human history have such a strong appeal within American pop culture.The Geysers of Yellowstone, Fourth Edition
By T. Scott Bryan. 2008
This revised popular field guide describes in detail each of the more than 500 geysers in Yellowstone National Park. With…
updated information and a new foreword by park archivist Lee Whittlesey, Geysers of Yellowstone is both a reference work and a fine introduction to the nature of geyser activity for the newcomer to geothermal phenomena. A glossary of key terms is provided, along with a comprehensive appendix that discusses other geyser areas of the world. Detailed maps accompany each geyser basin described, and tables are provided for easy reference.The Physics of the Dark Photon: A Primer (SpringerBriefs in Physics)
By Marco Fabbrichesi, Emidio Gabrielli, Gaia Lanfranchi. 2021
This book is about the dark photon which is a new gauge boson whose existence has been conjectured. Due to…
its interaction with the ordinary, visible photon, such a particle can be experimentally detected via specific signatures. In this book, the authors review the physics of the dark photon from the theoretical and experimental point of view. They discuss the difference between the massive and the massless case, highlighting how the two phenomena arise from the same vector portal between the dark and the visible sector. A review of the cosmological and astrophysical observations is provided, together with the connection to dark matter physics. Then, a perspective on current and future experimental limits on the parameters of the massless and massive dark photon is given, as well as the related bounds on milli-charged fermions. The book is intended for graduate students and young researchers who are embarking on dark photon research, and offers them a clear and up-to-date introduction to the subject.Once Can Be Enough: Decisive Experiments, No Replication Required
By Allan Franklin, Ronald Laymon. 2021
There has recently been considerable discussion of a “replication crisis” in some areas of science. In this book, the authors…
argue that replication is not a necessary criterion for the validation of a scientific experiment. Five episodes from physics and genetics are used to substantiate this thesis: the Meselson-Stahl experiment on DNA replication, the discoveries of the positron and the omega minus hyperon, Mendel’s plant experiments, and the discovery of parity nonconservation. Two cases in which once wasn’t enough are also discussed, the nondiscovery of parity nonconservation and the search for magnetic monopoles. Reasons why once wasn’t enough are also discussed.Contemporary Environmental Problems in Nepal: Geographic Perspectives (Advances in Asian Human-Environmental Research)
By Dennis Conway, Keshav Bhattarai. 2021
This monograph examines contemporary environmental challenges facing Nepal, this landlocked country’s representativeness in the wider South Asian context is both distinct…
and generalizable. In large part, this is because of its extremes of physiographical structure- plains, hill ranges, mountainous massifs - and wide range of altitudinal terrains, which represent and replicate South Asian and East Asian continental conditions differing as markedly as humid tropical lowlands, sub-tropical hill ranges and temperate to sub-arctic mountainous environments. Associated forest regimes, in which deforestation and reforestation patterns have evolved in recent times, and differing densities of settlement and cleared agricultural landscapes in each of these altitudinal zones, add to the environmental diversity of Nepal. Associated fauna and exotic species are in various states of endangerment especially Bengal tigers, one horned rhinos, wild elephants, crocodile, musk deer, and peasants, to name a few- so that their forested and mountainous habitats as ‘Wild Life Reserves’ also deserve our attention, and are featured in this monograph’s remit.Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations: Volume-I: Materials to Structures (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #103)
By Sandip Kumar Saha, Mousumi Mukherjee. 2021
This book presents selected papers from the 7th International Congress on Computational Mechanics and Simulation, held at IIT Mandi, India.…
The papers discuss the development of mathematical models representing physical phenomena and apply modern computing methods to analyze a broad range of applications including civil, offshore, aerospace, automotive, naval and nuclear structures. Special emphasis is given on simulation of structural response under extreme loading such as earthquake, blast etc. The book is of interest to researchers and academics from civil engineering, mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering, materials engineering/science, physics, mathematics and other disciplines.This book highlights some of the latest advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials from leading researchers in Ukraine, Europe and beyond.…
It features contributions presented at the 7th International Science and Practice Conference Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials (NANO2019), which was held on August 27–30, 2019 at Lviv Polytechnic National University, and was jointly organized by the Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, University of Tartu (Estonia), University of Turin (Italy), and Pierre and Marie Curie University (France). Internationally recognized experts from a wide range of universities and research institutions share their knowledge and key findings on material properties, behavior, and synthesis. This book’s companion volume also addresses topics such as nano-optics, energy storage, and biomedical applications.This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in laser techniques for micro-nano-manufacturing and an in-depth analysis of…
applications, such as 3D printing and nanojoining. Lasers have gained increasing significance as a precise tool for advanced manufacturing. Written by world leading scientists, the first part of the book presents the fundamentals of laser interaction with materials at the micro- and nanoscale, including multiphoton excitation and nonthermal melting, and allows readers to better understand advanced processing. In the second part, the authors focus on various advanced fabrications, such as laser peening, surface nanoengineering, and plasmonic heating. Finally, case studies are devoted to special applications, such as 3D printing, microfluidics devices, energy devices, and plasmonic and photonic waveguides. This book integrates both theoretical and experimental analysis. The combination of tutorial chapters and concentrated case studies will be critically attractive to undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and engineers in the relevant fields. Readers will grasp the full picture of the application of laser for micro-nanomanufacturing and 3D printing.The Legacy of Tatjana Afanassjewa: Philosophical Insights from the Work of an Original Physicist and Mathematician (Women in the History of Philosophy and Sciences #7)
By Jos Uffink, Giovanni Valente, Charlotte Werndl, Lena Zuchowski. 2021
This book presents a collection of essays that explore the life and works of Tatjana Afanassjewa (1876–1964), a Russian–Dutch physicist–mathematician.…
Readers will discover a scientist whose work on the foundations of thermodynamics significantly influenced the field itself as well as the philosophy of physics. This book highlights the philosophical consequences of her work in physics and mathematics and discusses historical aspects of her writings on the foundations of physics. In addition, it features English translations and critical reviews of key selections from her texts.First and foremost, the book highlights the numerous contributions that Afanassjewa made to the field. In particular, the authors examine her work on the foundations of thermodynamics and statistical physics, starting in the 1920s and extending to 1956, well after the untimely death of her husband in 1933. They also explore her almost entirely forgotten work on the didactics of mathematics. In addition, they discuss her influential collaboration with her husband, the Austrian physicist Paul Ehrenfest (1880–1933).The portrait that emerges is that of a highly original physicist and mathematician, whose legacy continues to influence scientists and philosophers today and whose lesser-known works deserve more attention than they have received. Readers will find a rich body of work that continues to this day to yield insights into the foundations of physics and mathematics.Fundamentals of Quantum Programming in IBM's Quantum Computers (Studies in Big Data #81)
By Athanasios V. Vasilakos, Weng-Long Chang. 2021
This textbook introduces major topics that include quantum bits, superposition, entanglement, logic gates, quantum search algorithm, quantum Fourier transform, inverse…
quantum Fourier transform, Shor’s order-finding algorithm and phase estimation. Everyone can write algorithms and programs in the cloud making using IBM’s quantum computers that support IBM Q Experience which contains the composer, open quantum assembly language, simulators and real quantum devices. Furthermore, this book teaches you how to use open quantum assembly language to write quantum programs for dealing with complex problems. Through numerous examples and exercises, readers will learn how to write a quantum program with open quantum assembly language for solving any problem from start to complete. This book includes six main chapters: ·Quantum Bits and Quantum Gates—learn what quantum bits are, how to declare and measure them, what quantum gates are and how they work on a simulator or a real device in the cloud. ·Boolean Algebra and its Applications—learn how to decompose CCNOT gate into six CNOT gates and nine gates of one bit and how to use NOT gates, CNOT gates and CCNOT gates to implement logic operations including NOT, OR, AND, NOR, NAND, Exclusive-OR (XOR) and Exclusive-NOR (XNOR). ·Quantum Search Algorithm and its Applications—learn core concepts of quantum search algorithm and how to write quantum programs to implement core concepts of quantum search algorithm for solving two famous NP-complete problems that are the satisfiability problem in n Boolean variables and m clauses and the clique problem in a graph with n vertices and q edges. ·Quantum Fourier Transform and its Applications—learn core concepts of quantum Fourier transform and inverse quantum Fourier transform and how to write quantum programs to implement them for solving two real applications that are to compute the period and the frequency of two given oracular functions. ·Order-Finding and Factoring—learn core concepts of Shor’s order-finding algorithm and how to write quantum programs to implement Shor’s order-finding algorithm for completing the prime factorization to 15. Phase Estimation and its Applications—learn core concepts of phase estimation and quantum counting and how to write quantum programs to implement them to compute the number of solution(s) in the independent set problem in a graph with two vertices and one edge.Vom Universum: Eine Geistesgeschichte der Physik
By Wolfgang Tschirk. 2021
Die Erde gleicht einer Kugel; ihre Bahn folgt den Krümmungen des Raumes und der Zeit. Diese beiden Erkenntnisse umrahmen zwei…
Jahrtausende Physik, und von ihr erzählt das Buch. Da auch Physiker Menschen sind, entsteht eine Geschichte vom Glauben, Zweifeln und Irren, von Siegen und Niederlagen, vom Aufeinanderprallen der Weltanschauungen und von den Grenzen der Erkenntnis. Uns Sterblichen zum Trost ist es nämlich selbst den Helden der Wissenschaft nicht vergönnt, auf geradem Weg ans Ziel zu kommen.In acht Kapiteln wird lebendig, was die Physiker von der Antike bis heute von Himmel und Erde, von der Kraft, vom Licht, von der Wärme, vom Feld, von den Quanten, von Raum und Zeit, von den Sternen, kurz: vom Universum dachten und denken – und warum sie es dachten und denken.Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Complex Processes HPSC 2018: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on High Performance Scientific Computing, Hanoi, Vietnam, March 19-23, 2018
By Willi Jäger, Hans Georg Bock, Hoang Xuan Phu, Ekaterina Kostina. 2021
This proceedings volume highlights a selection of papers presented at the 7th International Conference on High Performance Scientific Computing, which…
took place in Hanoi, Vietnam, during March 19-23, 2018. The conference has been organized by the Institute of Mathematics of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, the Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR) of Heidelberg University and the Vietnam Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics. The contributions cover a broad, interdisciplinary spectrum of scientific computing and showcase recent advances in theory, methods, and practical applications. Subjects covered include numerical simulation, methods for optimization and control, machine learning, parallel computing and software development, as well as the applications of scientific computing in mechanical engineering, airspace engineering, environmental physics, decision making, hydrogeology, material science and electric circuits.Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie Schritt für Schritt: Eine Einführung mit Details, Beispielen und Aufgaben
By Michael Ruhrländer. 2021
Das vorliegende Buch bietet Studierenden der Physik eine übersichtliche Einführung in die Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie: Was ist der Energie-Impuls-Tensor und was…
beschreiben die Friedmann-Gleichungen? Wie kann man die Raumzeit durch eine Mannigfaltigkeit modellieren? Was ist die Schwarzschild-Lösung und wann benötigt man Kruskal-Koordinaten? Kann man Energie aus der Ergosphäre eines rotierenden Schwarzen Loches gewinnen? Diese Fragen und viele mehr werden in diesem Buch beantwortet. Der didaktische Fokus liegt auf einer einfachen und verständlichen Vermittlung und detaillierten Darstellung des komplexen Themas. Das Buch verzichtet bewusst auf Phrasen wie „es kann gezeigt werden, dass..“ oder „wie man leicht zeigt, gilt“ und zeigt die Rechenschritte in Aufgaben und Herleitungen ausführlich auf. Zur Wiederholung werden die wesentlichen Punkte aus der Lagrange’schen Mechanik, der Elektrodynamik und der Speziellen Relativitätstheorie kurz dargestellt. Mathematische Vorkenntnisse sollten Leser v. a. im Bereich der Linearen Algebra und der komplexen Zahlen mitbringen, notwendige weiterführende Mathematik wie Differenzialgeometrie wird sorgfältig, zweckmäßig und verständlich eingeführt. Konkrete Aufgaben mit vollständigen, ausführlichen Lösungen laden zum Mitdenken und Mitrechnen ein. Das Buch ist in fünf Teile gegliedert: - Grundlagen der Speziellen Relativitätstheorie und Folgerungen für die relativistische Mechanik und Elektrodynamik - Wichtige Ergebnisse des Newton’schen Gravitationsmodells und Notwendigkeit einer neuen Gravitationstheorie, Modellierung der Raumzeit durch eine Lorentz-Mannigfaltigkeit - Physikalischer Schwerpunkt: heuristische und formale Herleitung der Einstein-Gleichungen - Astrophysikalische Objekte: Herleitung der Schwarzschild-Metrik, das Innere eines Sterns, nicht rotierende, rotierende und geladene Schwarze Löcher, Eddington-Finkelstein- bzw. Kruskal-Koordinaten, Penrose-Diagramme - Anwendung auf unser Universum: Homogenität und Isotropie des Universums, Robertson-Walker-Metrik, Friedmann-Gleichungen und vieles mehr! Der Autor Michael Ruhrländer hat an der Universität Essen Mathematik studiert und in Wuppertal promoviert. Anschließend hat er in der Finanzdienstleistungsbrache gearbeitet und ist seit 2010 Dozent für Mathematik und Statistik an der TH Bingen. Seine Leidenschaft für Mathematik und Physik gibt er u. a. mit seinen guten verständlichen Lehr- und Sachbüchern weiter.The Beauty of Space Art: An Illustrated Journey Through the Cosmos
By Ron Miller, Jon Ramer. 2021
Long before humans wrote, we painted.From mud and ash to acrylic and computers, artists across the centuries have found countless…
inventive ways to explore and express some of life’s biggest mysteries. Enter space art, a genre of artistic expression that strives to capture the wonders of our universe. This lavishly illustrated book chronicles the remarkable development of space art from a fledgling theme to a modern movement.In Part I, we traverse the history of art and astronomy from ancient times, through the Industrial Revolution, and into the 20th-century Space Age. Part II delves into the diverse techniques and subgenres of space art, where you will learn about things like rocks and balls, hardware art, and cosmic expressionism. Along the way, we’ll stop at places where neither humans nor spacecraft can easily go, from the scorching surface of Venus and the radiation-soaked volcanoes of Io to the alien terrain of exoplanets and the depths of distant galaxies.Featuring hundreds of original color images from space artists and astronomers alike, this book is a vivid visual story about the power of art, astronomy, and human curiosity. A heavily revised edition of the original Beauty of Space, it will entertain, educate, and inspire anybody who yearns to make sense of the strange and surreal sights in our universe.Don't Be Afraid of Physics: Quantum Mechanics, Relativity and Cosmology for Everyone
By Ross Barrett, Pier Paolo Delsanto. 2021
With the aid of entertaining short stories, anecdotes, lucid explanations and straight-forward figures, this book challenges the perception that the…
world of physics is inaccessible to the non-expert. Beginning with Neanderthal man, it traces the evolution of human reason and understanding from paradoxes and optical illusions to gravitational waves, black holes and dark energy. On the way, it provides insights into the mind-boggling advances at the frontiers of physics and cosmology. Unsolved problems and contradictions are highlighted, and contentious issues in modern physics are discussed in a non-dogmatic way in a language comprehensible to the non-scientist. It has something for everyone.Doppler-Effekt und Rotverschiebung: Klassische Theorie und Einsteinsche Effekte (essentials)
By Helmut Günther, Volker Müller. 2020
Der Doppler-Effekt ist die Frequenzänderung von Wellen bei einer Relativgeschwindigkeit von Sender und Empfänger. So wird die Sirene einer Feuerwehr…
bei einer Vorbeifahrt deutlich tiefer. Der klassische Doppler-Effekt erlaubt es, den Bewegungszustand des Trägermediums der Wellen zu bestimmen. Für Licht im Vakuum ist die relativistische Gangverzögerung einer bewegten Uhr zu berücksichtigen. Die Frequenzverschiebung hängt dann nur von der Relativgeschwindigkeit ab. Es gibt keinen Bewegungszustand des Vakuums. Der Leser wird in die Lichtausbreitung in Gravitationsfeldern eingeführt. Die Autoren demonstrieren, dass Licht von kompakten Quellen eine gravitative Rotverschiebung erfährt und dass um Schwarze Löcher eine unendliche Rotverschiebung zu beobachten ist. Der Leser erfährt, warum im Kosmos zusätzlich eine kosmologische Rotverschiebung auftritt.Master of Galactic Astronomy: A Biography of Jan Hendrik Oort (Springer Biographies)
By Pieter C. van der Kruit. 2021
This accessible and entertaining biography chronicles the life and triumphs of astronomer Jan Hendrik Oort, who helped lay the foundations…
of modern astronomy in the 20th century. The book puts into context some of Oort's most significant achievements, including his discovery that the Milky Way rotates, as well as his famous hypothesis that our Solar System is surrounded by a reservoir of comets — now simply known as the Oort Cloud. Written by Oort’s former student, this fascinating story also delves into Oort’s pivotal role in the foundation of major astronomical facilities, including radio telescopes in the Netherlands and the European Southern Observatory (ESO), which now operates the most successful astronomical observatories in the world. The book draws extensively on new archival research through the Oort Archives, along with personal reminiscences by Oort’s son and astronomer-grandson, to paint a more detailed picture of Oort’s life not just as an astronomer, but also as a husband, father, and citizen. The strong public interest in comets triggered by the Rosetta mission to comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko and the recently discovered interstellar comet in the Solar System make this book particularly timely.Pioneer of Galactic Astronomy: A Biography of Jacobus C. Kapteyn (Springer Biographies)
By Pieter C. van der Kruit. 2021
This non-technical biography of Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn (1851-1922) presents to the general reader the scientific life of the astronomer who…
pioneered the studies of the structure of the Milky Way Galaxy. In telling Kapteyn’s story the author weaves in astronomy basics and uses modern astronomical images to show the developments of astronomical research from Kapteyn’s times to the present. In particular the study of the distribution of stars in space has now culminated with spectacular new insights coming from the astrometric satellite GAIA, which is receiving much public attention today.The biography shows how Kapteyn’s ideas influenced prominent astronomers worldwide. He is prominent as designer of the Kapteyn Universe, the alternative to the large system found by Harlow Shapley. He is the discoverer of Kapteyn’s Star, still the second fastest moving star in the sky, which is now one of the nearest stars with a planet in the habitable zone. This fascinating hybrid of astronomy history and popular astronomy tells the story of the astronomy professor without an observatory who founded the first astronomical laboratory specializing in measuring photographic plates exposed elsewhere. Kapteyn took astronomy out of cataloguing stars to measuring distances and velocities in order to study their spatial distribution, systematic motions (Kapteyn’s Star Streams) and the equilibrium between their gravity and motions. His legacy includes, in addition to the first application of Galactic structure and dynamics, Jan Hendrik Oort, the famous astronomer from Leiden, who as a student was so impressed by Kapteyn’s lectures that he decided to become an astronomer.Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Vibration Problems: ICOVP 2019 (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)
By Paritosh Biswas, Esin Inan, Evangelos J. Sapountzakis, Muralimohan Banerjee. 2021
This book presents the select proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Vibration Problems (ICOVP 2019) held in Crete, Greece.…
The volume brings together contributions from researchers working on vibration related problems in a wide variety of engineering disciplines such as mechanical engineering, wind and earthquake engineering, nuclear engineering, aeronautics, robotics, and transport systems. The focus is on latest developments and cutting-edge methods in wave mechanics and vibrations, and includes theoretical, experimental, as well as applied studies. The range of topics and the up-to-date results covered in this volume make this interesting for students, researchers, and professionals alike.