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Fundamentals of Process Safety Engineering
By Samarendra Kumar Biswas, Umesh Mathur, Swapan Kumar Hazra. 2021
This textbook covers the essential aspects of process safety engineering in a practical and comprehensive manner. It provides readers with…
an understanding of process safety hazards in the refining and petrochemical industries and how to manage them in a reliable and professional manner. It covers the most important concepts: static electricity, intensity of thermal radiation, thermodynamics of fluid phase equilibria, boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE), emission source models, hazard identification methods, risk control and methods for achieving manufacturing excellence while also focusing on safety. Extensive case studies are included. Aimed at senior undergraduate and graduate chemical engineering students and practicing engineers, this book covers process safety principles and engineering practice authoritatively, with comprehensive examples: • Fundamentals, methods, and procedures for the industrial practice of process safety engineering.• The thermodynamic fundamentals and computational methods for release rates from ruptures in pipelines, vessels, and relief valves.• Fundamentals of static electricity hazards and their mitigation.• Quantitative assessment of fires and explosions.• Principles of dispersion calculations for toxic or flammable gases and vapors.• Methods of qualitative and quantitative risk assessment and control.The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has created challenges and opportunities for both teachers and students. In many countries, online…
teaching was something new, never experienced before. Therefore, everyone had to start from scratch. The articles in this proceeding provide the experiences, challenges, and strategies that L2 teachers and students had during the recent emergency remote teaching. Four main themes were covered: 1) online L2 learning curriculum and materials development, 2) L2 learning and acquisition in a virtual learning environment, 3) online L2 testing, assessment, program evaluation, and 4) teacher and students’ critical reflections on online L2 teaching and learning practices. Written by L2 teachers and teacher educators, we dedicate this proceeding to all L2 teachers and teacher educators who continue trying to maintain high-quality L2 education during and post-pandemic.How America's individual inventors persisted alongside corporate R&D labs as an important source of inventions.During the nineteenth century, heroic individual…
inventors such as Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell created entirely new industries while achieving widespread fame. However, by 1927, a New York Times editorial suggested that teams of corporate scientists at General Electric, AT&T, and DuPont had replaced the solitary "garret inventor" as the wellspring of invention. But these inventors never disappeared. In this book, Eric Hintz argues that lesser-known inventors such as Chester Carlson (Xerox photocopier), Samuel Ruben (Duracell batteries), and Earl Tupper (Tupperware) continued to develop important technologies throughout the twentieth century. Moreover, Hintz explains how independent inventors gradually fell from public view as corporate brands increasingly became associated with high-tech innovation.Focusing on the years from 1890 to 1950, Hintz documents how American independent inventors competed (and sometimes partnered) with their corporate rivals, adopted a variety of flexible commercialization strategies, established a series of short-lived professional groups, lobbied for fairer patent laws, and mobilized for two world wars. After 1950, the experiences of independent inventors generally mirrored the patterns of their predecessors, and they continued to be overshadowed during corporate R&D's postwar golden age. The independents enjoyed a resurgence, however, at the turn of the twenty-first century, as Apple's Steve Jobs and Shark Tank's Lori Greiner heralded a new generation of heroic inventor-entrepreneurs. By recovering the stories of a group once considered extinct, Hintz shows that independent inventors have long been—and remain—an important source of new technologies.Proxies: The Cultural Work of Standing In (Infrastructures)
By Dylan Mulvin. 2021
How those with the power to design technology, in the very moment of design, are allowed to imagine who is…
included--and who is excluded--in the future.Our world is built on an array of standards we are compelled to share. In Proxies, Dylan Mulvin examines how we arrive at those standards, asking, "To whom and to what do we delegate the power to stand in for the world?" Mulvin shows how those with the power to design technology, in the very moment of design, are allowed to imagine who is included--and who is excluded--in the future.For designers of technology, some bits of the world end up standing in for other bits, standards with which they build and calibrate. These "proxies" carry specific values, even as they disappear from view. Mulvin explores the ways technologies, standards, and infrastructures inescapably reflect the cultural milieus of their bureaucratic homes. Drawing on archival research, he investigates some of the basic building-blocks of our shared infrastructures. He tells the history of technology through the labor and communal practices of, among others, the people who clean kilograms to make the metric system run, the women who pose as test images, and the actors who embody disease and disability for medical students. Each case maps the ways standards and infrastructure rely on prototypical ideas of whiteness, able-bodiedness, and purity to control and contain the messiness of reality. Standards and infrastructures, Mulvin argues, shape and distort the possibilities of representation, the meaning of difference, and the levers of change and social justice.How organized resistance to new fossil fuel infrastructure became a political force, and how this might affect the transition to…
renewable energy.Organized resistance to new fossil fuel infrastructure, particularly conflicts over pipelines, has become a formidable political force in North America. In this book, George Hoberg examines whether such place-based environmental movements are effective ways of promoting climate action, if they might inadvertently feed resistance to the development of renewable energy infrastructure, and what other, more innovative processes of decision-making would encourage the acceptance of clean energy systems. Focusing on a series of conflicts over new oil sands pipelines, Hoberg investigates activists&’ strategy of blocking fossil fuel infrastructure, often in alliance with Indigenous groups, and examines the political and environmental outcomes of these actions. After discussing the oil sands policy regime and the relevant political institutions in Canada and the United States, Hoberg analyzes in detail four anti-pipeline campaigns, examining the controversies over the Keystone XL, the most well-known of these movements and the first one to use infrastructure resistance as a core strategy; the Northern Gateway pipeline; the Trans Mountain pipeline; and the Energy East pipeline. He then considers the &“resistance dilemma&”: the potential of place-based activism to threaten the much-needed transition to renewable energy. He examines several episodes of resistance to clean energy infrastructure in eastern Canada and the United States. Finally, Hoberg describes some innovative processes of energy decision-making, including strategic environment assessment, and cumulative impact assessment, looking at cases in British Columbia and Lower Alberta.Technical Debt in Practice: How to Find It and Fix It
By Rick Kazman, Neil Ernst, Julien Delange. 2021
The practical implications of technical debt for the entire software lifecycle; with examples and case studies.Technical debt in software is…
incurred when developers take shortcuts and make ill-advised technical decisions in the initial phases of a project, only to be confronted with the need for costly and labor-intensive workarounds later. This book offers advice on how to avoid technical debt, how to locate its sources, and how to remove it. It focuses on the practical implications of technical debt for the entire software life cycle, with examples and case studies from companies that range from Boeing to Twitter. Technical debt is normal; it is part of most iterative development processes. But if debt is ignored, over time it may become unmanageably complex, requiring developers to spend all of their effort fixing bugs, with no time to add new features--and after all, new features are what customers really value. The authors explain how to monitor technical debt, how to measure it, and how and when to pay it down. Broadening the conventional definition of technical debt, they cover requirements debt, implementation debt, testing debt, architecture debt, documentation debt, deployment debt, and social debt. They intersperse technical discussions with "Voice of the Practitioner" sidebars that detail real-world experiences with a variety of technical debt issues.Stability Analysis and State Estimation of Memristive Neural Networks
By Zidong Wang, Lifeng Ma, Hongjian Liu. 2021
In this book, the stability analysis and estimator design problems are discussed for delayed discrete-time memristive neural networks. In each…
chapter, the analysis problems are firstly considered, where the stability, synchronization and other performances (e.g., robustness, disturbances attenuation level) are investigated within a unified theoretical framework. In this stage, some novel notions are put forward to reflect the engineering practice. Then, the estimator design issues are discussed where sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the existence of the desired estimators with guaranteed performances. Finally, the theories and techniques developed in previous parts are applied to deal with some issues in several emerging research areas. The book Unifies existing and emerging concepts concerning delayed discrete memristive neural networks with an emphasis on a variety of network-induced phenomena Captures recent advances of theories, techniques, and applications of delayed discrete memristive neural networks from a network-oriented perspective Provides a series of latest results in two popular yet interrelated areas, stability analysis and state estimation of neural networks Exploits a unified framework for analysis and synthesis by designing new tools and techniques in combination with conventional theories of systems science, control engineering and signal processing Gives simulation examples in each chapter to reflect the engineering practiceLeveraging Distortions: Explanation, Idealization, and Universality in Science
By Collin Rice. 2021
An examination of how scientists deliberately and justifiably use pervasive distortions of relevant features to explain and understand natural phenomena.A…
fundamental rule of logic is that in order for an argument to provide good reasons for its conclusion, the premises of the argument must be true. In this book, Collin Rice shows how the practice of science repeatedly, pervasively, and deliberately violates this principle. Rice argues that scientists strategically use distortions that misrepresent relevant features of natural phenomena in order to explain and understand--and that they use these distortions deliberately and justifiably in order to discover truths that would be otherwise inaccessible. Countering the standard emphasis on causation, accurate representation, and decomposition of science into its accurate and inaccurate parts, Rice shows that science's epistemic achievements can still be factive despite their being produced through the use of holistically distorted scientific representations. Indeed, he argues, this distortion is one of the most widely employed and fruitful tools used in scientific theorizing. Marshalling a range of case studies, Rice contends that many explanations in science are noncausal, and he presents an alternate view of explanation that captures the variety of noncausal explanations found across the sciences. He proposes an alternative holistic distortion view of idealized models, connecting it to physicists' concept of a universality class; shows how universality classes can overcome some of the challenges of multiscale modeling; and offers accounts of explanation, idealization, modeling, and understanding.Out of the Cave: A Natural Philosophy of Mind and Knowing
By Mark L. Johnson, Don M. Tucker. 2021
From a philosopher and a neuropsychologist, a radical rethinking of certain traditional views about human cognition and behavior.Plato's Allegory of…
the Cave trapped us in the illusion that mind is separate from body and from the natural and physical world. Knowledge had to be eternal and absolute. Recent scientific advances, however, show that our bodies shape mind, thought, and language in a deep and pervasive way. In Out of the Cave, Mark Johnson and Don Tucker--a philosopher and a neuropsychologist--propose a radical rethinking of certain traditional views about human cognition and behavior. They argue for a theory of knowing as embodied, embedded, enactive, and emotionally based. Knowing is an ongoing process--shaped by our deepest biological and cultural values. Johnson and Tucker describe a natural philosophy of mind that is emerging through the convergence of biology, psychology, computer science, and philosophy, and they explain recent research showing that all of our higher-level cognitive activities are rooted in our bodies through processes of perception, motive control of action, and feeling. This developing natural philosophy of mind offers a psychological, philosophical, and neuroscientific account that is at once scientifically valid and subjectively meaningful--allowing us to know both ourselves and the world.The Digital Environment: How We Live, Learn, Work, and Play Now
By Pablo J. Boczkowski, Eugenia Mitchelstein. 2021
Understanding digital technology in daily life: why we should think holistically in terms of a digital environment instead of discrete…
devices and apps.Increasingly we live through our personal screens; we work, play, socialize, and learn digitally. The shift to remote everything during the pandemic was another step in a decades-long march toward the digitization of everyday life made possible by innovations in media, information, and communication technology. In The Digital Environment, Pablo Boczkowski and Eugenia Mitchelstein offer a new way to understand the role of the digital in our daily lives, calling on us to turn our attention from our discrete devices and apps to the array of artifacts and practices that make up the digital environment that envelops every aspect of our social experience. Boczkowski and Mitchelstein explore a series of issues raised by the digital takeover of everyday life, drawing on interviews with a variety of experts. They show how existing inequities of gender, race, ethnicity, education, and class are baked into the design and deployment of technology, and describe emancipatory practices that counter this--including the use of Twitter as a platform for activism through such hashtags as #BlackLivesMatter and #MeToo. They discuss the digitization of parenting, schooling, and dating--noting, among other things, that today we can both begin and end relationships online. They describe how digital media shape our consumption of sports, entertainment, and news, and consider the dynamics of political campaigns, disinformation, and social activism. Finally, they report on developments in three areas that will be key to our digital future: data science, virtual reality, and space exploration.Aerodynamics for Engineers
By Russell M. Cummings, John J. Bertin. 2022
Now reissued by Cambridge University Press, this sixth edition covers the fundamentals of aerodynamics using clear explanations and real-world examples.…
Aerodynamics concept boxes throughout showcase real-world applications, chapter objectives provide readers with a better understanding of the goal of each chapter and highlight the key 'take-home' concepts, and example problems aid understanding of how to apply core concepts. Coverage also includes the importance of aerodynamics to aircraft performance, applications of potential flow theory to aerodynamics, high-lift military airfoils, subsonic compressible transformations, and the distinguishing characteristics of hypersonic flow. Supported online by a solutions manual for instructors, MATLAB® files for example problems, and lecture slides for most chapters, this is an ideal textbook for undergraduates taking introductory courses in aerodynamics, and for graduates taking preparatory courses in aerodynamics before progressing to more advanced study.The Distance Cure: A History of Teletherapy
By Hannah Zeavin. 2021
Psychotherapy across distance and time, from Freud&’s treatments by mail to crisis hotlines, radio call-ins, chatbots, and Zoom sessions.Therapy has…
long understood itself as taking place in a room, with two (or more) people engaged in person-to-person conversation. And yet, starting with Freud&’s treatments by mail, psychotherapy has operated through multiple communication technologies and media. These have included advice columns, radio broadcasts, crisis hotlines, video, personal computers, and mobile phones; the therapists (broadly defined) can be professional or untrained, strangers or chatbots. In The Distance Cure, Hannah Zeavin proposes a reconfiguration of the traditional therapeutic dyad of therapist and patient as a triad: therapist, patient, and communication technology. Zeavin tracks the history of teletherapy (understood as a therapeutic interaction over distance) and its metamorphosis from a model of cure to one of contingent help. She describes its initial use in ongoing care, its role in crisis intervention and symptom management, and our pandemic-mandated reliance on regular Zoom sessions. Her account of the &“distanced intimacy&” of the therapeutic relationship offers a powerful rejoinder to the notion that contact across distance (or screens) is always less useful, or useless, to the person seeking therapeutic treatment or connection. At the same time, these modes of care can quickly become a backdoor for surveillance and disrupt ethical standards important to the therapeutic relationship. The history of the conventional therapeutic scenario cannot be told in isolation from its shadow form, teletherapy. Therapy, Zeavin tells us, was never just a &“talking cure&”; it has always been a communication cure.Flashes of Creation: George Gamow, Fred Hoyle, and the Great Big Bang Debate
By Paul Halpern. 2021
A respected physics professor and author breaks down the great debate over the Big Bang and the continuing quest to…
understand the fate of the universe. Today, the Big Bang is so entrenched in our understanding of the cosmos that to doubt it would seem crazy. But as Paul Halpern shows in Flashes of Creation, just decades ago its mere mention caused sparks to fly. At the center of the debate were Russian American physicist George Gamow and British astrophysicist Fred Hoyle. Gamow insisted that a fiery explosion explained how the elements of the universe were created. Attacking the idea as half-baked, Hoyle countered that the universe was engaged in a never-ending process of creation. The battle was fierce. In the end, Gamow turned out to be right -- mostly -- and Hoyle, along with his many achievements, is remembered for giving the theory the silliest possible name: "The Big Bang." Halpern captures the brilliance of both thinkers and reminds us that even those proved wrong have much to teach us about boldness, imagination, and the universe itself.Smarter Tomorrow: How 15 Minutes of Neurohacking a Day Can Help You Work Better, Think Faster, and Get More Done
By Elizabeth R. Ricker. 2021
What if you could upgrade your brain in 15 minutes a day? Let Elizabeth Ricker, an MIT and Harvard-trained brain…
researcher turned Silicon Valley technologist, show you how.Join Ricker on a wild and edifying romp through the cutting-edge world of neuroscience and biohacking. You'll encounter Olympic athletes, a game show contestant, a memory marvel, a famous CEO, and scientists galore. From Ricker&’s decade-long quest, you will learn:● The brain-based reason so many self-improvement projects fail . . . But how a little-known secret of Nobel Prize winning scientists could finally unlock success● Which four abilities—both cognitive and emotional—can predict success in work and relationships . . . and a new system for improving all four● Which seven research-tested tools can supercharge mental performance. They range from low-tech (a surprising new mindset) to downright futuristic (an electrical device for at-home brain stimulation) Best of all, you will learn to upgrade your brain with Ricker&’s 20 customizable self-experiments and a sample, 12-week schedule. Ricker distills insights from dozens of interviews and hundreds of research studies from around the world. She tests almost everything on herself, whether it&’s nicotine, video games, meditation, or a little-known beverage from the Pacific islands. Some experiments fail hilariously—but others transform her cognition. She is able to sharpen her memory, increase her attention span, boost her mood, and clear her brain fog. By following Ricker&’s system, you&’ll uncover your own boosts to mental performance, too. Join a growing, global movement of neurohackers revolutionizing their careers and relationships. Let this book change 15 minutes of your day, and it may just change the rest of your life!What's the Use?: How Mathematics Shapes Everyday Life
By Ian Stewart. 2021
See the world in a completely new way as an esteemed mathematician shows how math powers the world—from technology to…
health care and beyond. Almost all of us have sat in a math class, wondering when we'd ever need to know how to find the roots of a polynomial or graph imaginary numbers. And in one sense, we were right: if we needed to, we'd use a computer. But as Ian Stewart argues in What's the Use?, math isn't just about boring computations. Rather, it offers us new and profound insights into our world, allowing us to accomplish feats as significant as space exploration and organ donation. From the trigonometry that keeps a satellite in orbit to the prime numbers used by the world's most advanced security systems to the imaginary numbers that enable augmented reality, math isn't just relevant to our lives. It is the very fabric of our existence.Doubled Haploid Technology: Volume 2: Hot Topics, Apiaceae, Brassicaceae, Solanaceae (Methods in Molecular Biology #2288)
By Jose M. Seguí-Simarro. 2021
This title offers 62 chapters divided among three volumes covering the latest topics dealing with Doubled Haploid (DH) technology, as…
well as methods to produce DHs in different species through different in vivo and in vitro approaches. Volume 2 discusses the latest hot topics in DH technology; protocols to produce DHs in four apiaceae, caraway, fennel, dill, and carrot; DH production in different brassicaceae including Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, and Brassica carinata; and techniques to produce DHs by different androgenesis-based methods in several members of the Solanaceae family such as eggplant, pepper, tobacco, and potato. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, application details for both the expert and non-expert reader, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Authoritative and comprehensive, Doubled Haploid Technology, Volume 2: Hot Topics, Apiaceae, Brassicaceae, Solanaceae is a valuable resource for scientists and researchers looking to learn more about this interesting and developing field.Enzyme Kinetics in Drug Metabolism: Fundamentals and Applications (Methods in Molecular Biology #2342)
By Swati Nagar, Upendra A. Argikar, Donald Tweedie. 2021
This second edition further develops the principles of applying kinetic principles to drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Chapters are divided…
into six sections detailing fundamental principles of enzyme kinetics, enzyme and transporter structures, highlighting specific oxidative and conjugative drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters, modeling approaches for drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters, understanding of variability both experimental and interindividual (pharmacogenomic), and expanded case studies that provide real life examples of applying these principles. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, in some cases step-by-step instructions with readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls with extensive cross referencing to assist in learning. Authoritative and fully updated, Enzyme Kinetics in Drug Metabolism: Fundamentals and Applications, Second Edition serves as a practical teaching tool for novice and advanced scientists interested in the fundamental concepts.This book presents various methodologies for determining the ecological footprint, carbon footprint, water footprint, nitrogen footprint, and life cycle environment…
impacts and illustrates these methodologies through various applications. In particular, it systematically and comprehensively introduces the concepts and tools of the ‘footprint family’ and discusses their applications in energy and industrial systems. The book begins by providing an overview of the effects of the economic growth dynamics on ecological footprint and then presents the definitions, concepts, calculation methods, and applications of the various footprints. The unique characteristic of this book is that it demonstrates the applications of various footprints in different systems including economic system, ecological system, beef production system, cropping system, building, food chain, sugarcane bioproducts, and the Belt and Road Initiative. Providing both background theory and practical advice, the book is of interest to energy and environmental researchers, graduate students, and engineers.Doubled Haploid Technology: Volume 3: Emerging Tools, Cucurbits, Trees, Other Species (Methods in Molecular Biology #2289)
By Jose M. Seguí-Simarro. 2021
This title offers 62 chapters divided among three volumes covering the latest topics dealing with Doubled Haploid (DH) technology, as…
well as methods to produce DHs in different species through different in vivo and in vitro approaches. Volume 3 looks at the emerging tools used in DH technology; protocols based on anther culture, in vitro gynogenesis and hybridization with irradiated pollen for DH production in cucubits such as cucumber, melon, watermelon, and summer squash; techniques to produce haploids and DHs in different woody species and genera such as citrus, coconut, walnut, and almond; and methods for DH production in borage, Saintpaulia ionantha, cow cockle, and marigold. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, application details for both the expert and non-expert reader, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Authoritative and comprehensive, Doubled Haploid Technology, Volume 3: Emerging Tools, Cucurbits, Trees, Other Species is a valuable resource for scientists and researchers looking to learn more about this interesting and developing field.This book presents a series of recent studies that introduce current topics and novel concepts in the field of information…
science.Among the chapters are discussions of the contribution of information science to society in the dual context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and Agenda 2030, some negative aspects of information behaviour, including criminal activities in the dark web and the hikikomori phenomenon, the hot issues of fake news and hate speech from a library and information science perspective, gamification in libraries, and the new concepts of ‘jamography’ and ‘disnormative information’. Intended for information specialists and researchers, librarians and library and information science students, the book analyses how people use information, what their information needs are and how these needs are satisfied in today’s digital world. The book can also serve as a useful reference for the education and training of students and specialists in library and information services.