Title search results
Showing 5381 - 5400 of 12104 items
Metalloproteins: Theory, Calculations, and Experiments
By Art E. Cho, William A. Goddard. 2015
Numerous essential biological functions involve metalloproteins; therefore, understanding metalloproteins and how to manipulate them is significant in the biological and…
medical fields. An examination of current research, Metalloproteins: Theory, Calculations, and Experiments explores the interplay between theory and experiment, detailing the roleMedical Image Analysis and Informatics: Computer-Aided Diagnosis and Therapy
By Rangaraj M. Rangayyan, Paulo Mazzoncini de Azevedo-Marques, Arianna Mencattini, Marcello Salmeri. 2018
With the development of rapidly increasing medical imaging modalities and their applications, the need for computers and computing in image…
generation, processing, visualization, archival, transmission, modeling, and analysis has grown substantially. Computers are being integrated into almost every medical imaging system. Medical Image Analysis and Informatics demonstrates how quantitative analysis becomes possible by the application of computational procedures to medical images. Furthermore, it shows how quantitative and objective analysis facilitated by medical image informatics, CBIR, and CAD could lead to improved diagnosis by physicians. Whereas CAD has become a part of the clinical workflow in the detection of breast cancer with mammograms, it is not yet established in other applications. CBIR is an alternative and complementary approach for image retrieval based on measures derived from images, which could also facilitate CAD. This book shows how digital image processing techniques can assist in quantitative analysis of medical images, how pattern recognition and classification techniques can facilitate CAD, and how CAD systems can assist in achieving efficient diagnosis, in designing optimal treatment protocols, in analyzing the effects of or response to treatment, and in clinical management of various conditions. The book affirms that medical imaging, medical image analysis, medical image informatics, CBIR, and CAD are proven as well as essential techniques for health care.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technique used in biomedical imaging and radiology to visualize internal structures of the body.…
Because MRI provides excellent contrast between different soft tissues, the technique is especially useful for diagnostic imaging of the brain, muscles, and heart.In the past 20 years, MRI technology has improved siImaging in Photodynamic Therapy (Series in Cellular and Clinical Imaging)
By Michael R. Hamblin, Yingying Huang. 2017
This book covers the broad field of cellular, molecular, preclinical, and clinical imaging either associated with or combined with photodynamic…
therapy (PDT). It showcases how this approach is used clinically for cancer, infections, and diseases characterized by unwanted tissue such as atherosclerosis or blindness. Because the photosensitizers are also fluorescent, the book also addresses various imaging systems such as confocal microscopy and small animal imaging systems, and highlights how they have been used to follow and optimize treatment, and to answer important mechanistic questions. Chapters also discuss how imaging has made important contributions to clinical outcomes in skin, bladder, and brain cancers, as well as in the development of theranostic agents for detection and treatment of disease. This book provides a resource for physicians and research scientists in cell biology, microscopy, optics, molecular imaging, oncology, and drug discovery.Over the last decade, some of the greatest achievements in the field of neuroimaging have been related to remarkable advances…
in magnetic resonance techniques, including diffusion, perfusion, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and functional MRI. Such techniques have provided valuable insights into tissue microstructure, microvasculature, metabolism and brain connectivity. Previously available mostly in research environments, these techniques are now becoming part of everyday clinical practice in a plethora of clinical MR systems. Nevertheless, despite growing interest and wider acceptance, there remains a lack of a comprehensive body of knowledge on the subject, exploring the intrinsic complexity and physical difficulty of the techniques. This book focuses on the basic principles and theories of diffusion, perfusion, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and functional MRI. It also explores their clinical applications and places emphasis on the associated artifacts and pitfalls with a comprehensive and didactic approach. This book aims to bridge the gap between research applications and clinical practice. It will serve as an educational manual for neuroimaging researchers and radiologists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, and physicists with an interest in advanced MR techniques. It will also be a useful reference text for experienced clinical scientists who wish to optimize their multi-parametric imaging approach.July 2019 marks 50 years since Neil Armstrong took his famous first steps on the surface of the Moon. As…
people around the world celebrate the anniversary of this great American achievement, they might wonder why there have been no further human missions to the Moon since Apollo 17 in 1972. This book assesses the legacy of the Apollo missions based on several decades of space developments since the program’s end. The question of why we haven’t sent humans back to the Moon is explored through a multidisciplinary lens that weaves together technological and historical perspectives. The nine manned Apollo missions, including the six that landed on the Moon, are described here by an author who has 50 years of experience in the space industry and whose work spanned the Apollo 8–13 missions. The final section of the book provides a comprehensive assessment of today’s programs and current plans for sending humans to the Moon.From Cave Man to Cave Martian: Living in Caves on the Earth, Moon and Mars (Springer Praxis Books)
By Manfred Dutch von Ehrenfried. 2019
This book explores the practicality of using the existing subsurface geology on the Moon and Mars for protection against radiation,…
thermal extremes, micrometeorites and dust storms rather than building surface habitats at great expense at least for those first few missions. It encourages NASA to plan a precursor mission using this concept and employ a “Short Stay” Opposition Class mission to Mars as the first mission rather than the “Long Stay” concept requiring a mission that is too long, too dangerous and too costly for man’s first missions to Mars.Included in these pages is a short history on the uses of caves by early humans over great periods of time. It then describes the ongoing efforts to research caves, pits, tunnels, lava tubes, skylights and the associated technologies that pertain to potential lunar and Mars exploration and habitation. It describes evidence for existing caves and lava tubes on both the Moon and Mars. The work of noted scientists, technologists and roboticists are referenced and described. This ongoing work is moreextensive than one would think and is directly applicable to longer term habitation and exploration of the Moon and Mars. Emphasis is also given to the operational aspects of working and living in lunar and Martian caves and lava tubes.Nano and Quantum Optics: An Introduction to Basic Principles and Theory (Graduate Texts in Physics)
By Ulrich Hohenester. 2020
This classroom-tested textbook is a modern primer on the rapidly developing field of quantum nano optics which investigates the optical…
properties of nanosized materials. The essentials of both classical and quantum optics are presented before embarking through a stimulating selection of further topics, such as various plasmonic phenomena, thermal effects, open quantum systems, and photon noise. Didactic and thorough in style, and requiring only basic knowledge of classical electrodynamics, the text provides all further physics background and additional mathematical and computational tools in a self-contained way. Numerous end-of-chapter exercises allow students to apply and test their understanding of the chapter topics and to refine their problem-solving techniques.The Science of Marvel: From Infinity Stones to Iron Man's Armor, the Real Science Behind the MCU Revealed!
By Sebastian Alvarado. 2019
Science meets fantasy in this behind-the-scenes look at the Marvel Cinematic Universe—now you can experience the magic of the movies,…
and learn how to replicate it in real-life. The Marvel Cinematic Universe is filled with extraordinary humans and abilities. There are teenaged geniuses swinging through the streets of New York, billionaires creating impenetrable armor in hidden caves, and aliens flying through wormholes to Earth. All of these characters seem to lie firmly in the realm of fantasy—but the technology behind them might not be as farfetched as you think… The Science of Marvel pulls back the curtain and reveals the secrets behind Marvel movie magic, and shows us how to recreate these comic book wonders in our everyday life. Using quantum physics, a little bit of mechanical engineering, and some out-of-the-box thinking, you’ll be amazed to discover that it’s possible to create a real-life Captain America, Incredible Hulk, or Black Panther. The perfect gift or collectible for Marvel fans everywhere, The Science of Marvel brings beloved movies and characters to life like never before.Fractional Equations and Models: Theory and Applications (Developments in Mathematics #61)
By Trifce Sandev, Živorad Tomovski. 2019
Fractional equations and models play an essential part in the description of anomalous dynamics in complex systems. Recent developments in…
the modeling of various physical, chemical and biological systems have clearly shown that fractional calculus is not just an exotic mathematical theory, as it might have once seemed. The present book seeks to demonstrate this using various examples of equations and models with fractional and generalized operators. Intended for students and researchers in mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and engineering, it systematically offers a wealth of useful tools for fractional calculus.Cooperative Interactions in Lattices of Atomic Dipoles (Springer Theses)
By Robert Bettles. 2017
This thesis reports the remarkable discovery that by arranging the dipoles in an ordered array with particular spacings …
it is possible to greatly enhance the cross-section and achieve a strong light-matter coupling 98 of the incident light It also discusses the broad background to cooperative behaviour in atomic ensembles and analyses in detail effects in one- and two-dimensional atomic arrays In general when light interacts with matter it excites electric dipoles and since the nineteenth century it has been known that if the amplitude of these induced dipoles is sufficiently large and their distance apart is on the scale of the wavelength of the light then their mutual interaction significantly modifies the light-matter interaction However it was not known how to exploit this effect to modify the light-matter interaction in a desirable way for example in order to enhance the optical cross-sectionThis book makes an important intervention in the ongoing debates about modernism, science, and the divisions of early Twentieth-Century print…
culture. In order to establish Joyce's place in the nexus of modernism and scientific thought, Drouin uses the methods of periodical studies and textual criticism to examine the impact of Einstein's relativity theories on the development of Ulysses (1922) and Finnegans Wake (1939). Looking at experiments with space, time, motion, and perspective, it rigorously surveys discourse of science and the novel in the print culture networks connected to Joyce, with concrete analysis of avant-garde magazines, newspapers, popular science books, BBC pamphlets, and radio broadcasts between 1914 and 1939. These sources elucidate changes that Joyce made to the manuscripts, typescripts, and page proofs of certain episodes of his final two novels. The new evidence establishes for the first time the nature of the material link between Joyce and non-technical science, and the manner in which Ulysses and Finnegans Wake owe their structure and meaning to the humanistic issues associated with science during the wartime and inter-war years. In examining the relationships between Joyce's later work and the popular science industry, the book elucidates the often conflicting attitudes toward science in inter-war British print culture, filling in a piece of the puzzle that is modernism's relationship to the new physics and, simultaneously, the history of the novel.This thesis presents several related advances in the field of nonequilibrium quantum thermodynamics. The central result is an ingenious proof…
that the local temperature and voltage measurement in a nonequilibrium system of fermions exists and is unique, placing the concept of local temperature on a rigorous mathematical footing for the first time. As an intermediate step, a proof of the positivity of the Onsager matrix of linear response theory is given -- a statement of the second law of thermodynamics that had lacked an independent proof for 85 years. A new experimental method to measure the local temperature of an electron system using purely electrical techniques is also proposed, which could enable improvements to the spatial resolution of thermometry by several orders of magnitude. Finally, a new mathematically-exact definition for the local entropy of a quantum system in a nonequilibrium steady state is derived. Several different measures of the local entropy are discussed, relating to the thermodynamics of processes that a local observer with varying degrees of information about the microstates of the system could carry out, and it is shown that they satisfy a hierarchy of inequalities. Proofs of the third law of thermodynamics for generic open quantum systems are presented, taking into account the entropic contribution due to localized states. Appropriately normalized (per-state) local entropies are defined and are used to quantify the departure from local equilibrium.Soft Rock Mechanics and Engineering
By Milton Kanji, Manchao He, Luís Ribeiro e Sousa. 2020
This book offers a practical reference guide to soft rock mechanics for engineers and scientists. Written by recognized experts, it…
will benefit professionals, contractors, academics, researchers and students working on rock engineering projects in the fields of civil engineering, mining and construction engineering. Soft Rock Mechanics and Engineering covers a specific subject of great relevance in Rock Mechanics – and one that is directly connected to the design of geotechnical structures under difficult ground conditions. The book addresses practical issues related to the geomechanical properties of these types of rock masses and their characterization, while also discussing advances regarding in situ investigation, safety, and monitoring of geotechnical structures in soft rocks. Lastly, it presents important case histories involving tunnelling, dam foundations, coal and open pit mines and landslides.The Puchezh-Katunki Impact Crater: Geology and Origin (Impact Studies)
By Victor L. Masaitis, Mikhail V. Naumov. 2020
This book presents essential data on the geology of the Puchezh-Katunki crater – an early Jurassic crater located on the…
East European Platform, with an impact structure that is ca. 80 km in diameter. Offering a comprehensive guide, it reviews the studies carried out during the last several decades on this prominent but not well-known impact structure. It offers the international community state-of-the-art information on the crater with regard to e.g. structural mapping, drilling (including the Vorotilovo well, which is 5374 m deep), geophysical research, and the petrological analysis of impactites and various breccias. In addition, the book includes new results from the mineralization and crystallizations beneath this large impact crater, and suggests new models for crater formations.The Second Kind of Impossible: The Extraordinary Quest for a New Form of Matter
By Paul Steinhardt. 2019
One of the most fascinating scientific detective stories of the last fifty years, an exciting quest for a new form…
of matter. The Second Kind of Impossible reads like James Gleick’s Chaos combined with an Indiana Jones adventure.When leading Princeton physicist Paul Steinhardt began working in the 1980s, scientists thought they knew all the conceivable forms of matter. The Second Kind of Impossible is the story of Steinhardt’s thirty-five-year-long quest to challenge conventional wisdom. It begins with a curious geometric pattern that inspires two theoretical physicists to propose a radically new type of matter—one that raises the possibility of new materials with never before seen properties, but that violates laws set in stone for centuries. Steinhardt dubs this new form of matter “quasicrystal.” The rest of the scientific community calls it simply impossible. The Second Kind of Impossible captures Steinhardt’s scientific odyssey as it unfolds over decades, first to prove viability, and then to pursue his wildest conjecture—that nature made quasicrystals long before humans discovered them. Along the way, his team encounters clandestine collectors, corrupt scientists, secret diaries, international smugglers, and KGB agents. Their quest culminates in a daring expedition to a distant corner of the Earth, in pursuit of tiny fragments of a meteorite forged at the birth of the solar system. Steinhardt’s discoveries chart a new direction in science. They not only change our ideas about patterns and matter, but also reveal new truths about the processes that shaped our solar system. The underlying science is important, simple, and beautiful—and Steinhardt’s firsthand account is an engaging scientific thriller.This book deals with the study of superconductivity in systems with coexisting wide and narrow bands. It has been previously…
suggested that superconductivity can be enhanced in systems with coexisting wide and narrow bands when the Fermi level is near the narrow band edge. In this book, the authors study two problems concerning this mechanism in order to: (a) provide a systematic understanding of the role of strong electron correlation effects, and (b) propose a realistic candidate material which meets the ideal criteria for high-Tc superconductivity. Regarding the role of strong correlation effects, the FLEX+DMFT method is adopted. Based on systematic calculations, the pairing mechanism is found to be indeed valid even when the strong correlation effect is considered within the formalism. In the second half of the book, the authors propose a feasible candidate material by introducing the concept of the “hidden ladder” electronic structure, arising from the combination of the bilayer lattice structure and the anisotropic orbitals of the electrons. As such, the book contributes a valuable theoretical guiding principle for seeking unknown high-Tc superconductors.A Single Trapped Rydberg Ion (Springer Theses)
By Gerard Higgins. 2019
Systems of trapped ions and systems of ultracold Rydberg atoms are used at the forefront of quantum physics research and…
they make strong contenders as platforms for quantum technologies. Trapped Rydberg ions are a new hybrid technology envisaged to have both the exquisite control of trapped ion systems and the strong interactions of Rydberg atoms.In this work a single trapped Rydberg ion is experimentally investigated. A trapped strontium ion is excited to Rydberg states using two ultraviolet lasers. Effects of the strong trapping electric fields on the highly-sensitive Rydberg ion are studied. After mitigating unwanted trap effects, the ion is coherently excited to Rydberg states and a quantum gate is demonstrated. This thesis lays much of the experimental groundwork for research using this novel system.Rethinking Causality in Quantum Mechanics (Springer Theses)
By Christina Giarmatzi. 2019
Causality is central to understanding the mechanisms of nature: some event "A" is the cause of another event “B”. Surprisingly,…
causality does not follow this simple rule in quantum physics: due to to quantum superposition we might be led to believe that "A causes B” and that "B causes A”. This idea is not only important to the foundations of physics but also leads to practical advantages: a quantum circuit with such indefinite causality performs computationally better than one with definite causality. This thesis provides one of the first comprehensive introductions to quantum causality, and presents a number of advances. It provides an extension and generalization of a framework that enables us to study causality within quantum mechanics, thereby setting the stage for the rest of the work. This comprises: mathematical tools to define causality in terms of probabilities; computational tools to prove indefinite causality in an experiment; means to experimentally test particular causal structures; and finally an algorithm that detects the exact causal structure in an quantum experiment.This thesis presents analytical theoretical studies on the interplay between charge density waves (CDW) and superconductivity (SC) in the actively…
studied transition-metal dichalcogenide 1T-TiSe2. It begins by reapproaching a years-long debate over the nature of the phase transition to the commensurate CDW (CCDW) state and the role played by the intrinsic tendency towards excitonic condensation in this system. A Ginzburg-Landau phenomenological theory was subsequently developed to understand the experimentally observed transition from commensurate to incommensurate CDW (ICDW) order with doping or pressure, and the emergence of a superconducting dome that coexists with ICDW. Finally, to characterize microscopically the effects of the interplay between CDW and SC, the spectrum of CDW fluctuations beyond mean-field was studied in detail. In the aggregate, the work reported here provides an encompassing understanding of what are possibly key microscopic underpinnings of the CDW and SC physics in TiSe2.