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Labor Unions, Management Innovation and Organizational Change in Police Departments
By John Decarlo, Michael J. Jenkins. 2015
This Brief examines the role of Police Unions in law enforcement policy development. It provides an overview of the historical…
and political background of police labor unions, and takes a critical look at the shifting perception of labor unions from generally positive to somewhat negative, to compare this perception with their real impact. It examines the perceived role that unions play, whether positive, negative, or neutral in the development and advancement of contemporary law enforcement agencies and their respective policies. This work provides a multisite survey of police administrators' views and opinions on police union impact on a variety of police functions including: delivery of services, prevention of crime and disorder, and interaction with the public. The results of this research provide a comprehensive look at ways to improve the ways police departments operate and how they improve and enhance legitimacy in their communities. It provides a context for the current state of the public sector labor relations environment. It will be of interest to researchers in criminology and criminal justice, police science, and public policy.International Assistance to Police Reform
By Steffen Eckhard. 2016
This book comparespolice reform operations in Kosovo and Afghanistan, addressing the internalmachinery that makes peace operations work--or not. Recognizing that…
the chancesfor effective peacebuilding vary widely across contexts, this book investigatesthe impact of one of the few variables that peacebuilders do control: themanagement and design of peace operations. Building on fieldresearch and over one hundred expert interviews, Internationalassistance to police reform: Managing Peacebuilding systematically compares such operations in twodifferent contexts--Kosovo and Afghanistan--by focusing specifically oninternational assistance for local police reform since 1999. Four comprehensivecase studies examine operations in Kosovo and Afghanistan before and after theEuropean Union took over police reform responsibilities: in Kosovo from the Organization for Security and Co-operationin Europe (OSCE) and in Afghanistan from the German government. Speaking toscholars and practitioners in domestic and international organizations, the bookdrills in the complex relation between headquarter diplomats and field levelconflict experts. Its findings combine to a set of recommendations forpolicy-makers to better align their operations to the contentious politics ofconflict management and peacebuilding.Police Pursuit Driving
By Cynthia Lum, Geoffrey P. Alpert. 2014
Police pursuits, often receiving a lot of media attention, have become a topic of concern and priority for both law…
enforcement and the communities they serve They often come with high risks for the well-being of community members and for both the police officers involved in the chase as well as for the fleeing suspects In this brief, we summarize what is known about police pursuits, from both legal decisions and criminological research. We then discuss the impact of this research on police pursuit policy, court decisions, and media reports. We offer suggestions about the need for more development and use of research, and the challenges for research to be integrated into police policies, training, supervision and accountability systems.Police Services
By Paresh Wankhade, David Weir. 2015
This volume provides fresh insights and management understanding of the changing role of policing against the backdrop of massive cuts…
in public expenditure experienced and the changing landscape of policing. The challenges of funding, training, online-crimes and cultural transformation are now felt globally. The need to learn and adapt from suitable models of police service delivery have never been greater. The book offers critical insights into the theory and practice of strategic and operational management of police services and the related professional and policy aspects. One of the highlight of this volume is to bring together scholarship using experts- academics, practitioners and professionals in the field, to each of the chosen topics. The chapters are based in the practical experiences of the authors and are written in a way that is accessible and suitable for a range of audiences. We are confident that this book will cater to a wider audience to inform policy and practice, both in the UK and internationally. Sir Peter Fahy QPM, Chief Constable, Greater Manchester Police Policing across the world is facing an increasing complexity of demand and public expectation creating new challenges for leadership and management. The contributors to this work are among the leading thinkers in policing and present important new insights into both the past and the way forward. It will be welcomed by all those convinced that radical new approaches are required across the public services. Bill Skelly, Deputy Chief Constable, Devon and Cornwall Police, UK At times it feels that the focus on leadership in the police service is all about what went wrong; the negative influences of a tightly-knit culture; and the almost inevitable rise of the technocrat. It is refreshing to read a book that seeks new insights into the positive influences of police leadership and offers the prospect of a more emotionally aware and spiritually rich approach as to how those insights may be practically employed for the benefit of all in the police family and the communities we serve.Evolving Eldercare in Contemporary China
By Lin Chen. 2016
With an increasing number of elders moving into nursing homes, the shift from family to nursing home care calls for…
an exploration of caregiving decision-making in urban China. This study examines how a rapidly growing aging population, the one-child policy, and economic reform in urban China pose unprecedented challenges to the country's ingrained tradition of family caregiving. It presents interviews of matched elders and their children from a government-sponsored nursing home in Shanghai and analyzes the decision-making process of institutionalization. This book offers fresh insight into the evolving culture and arrangements of caregiving in contemporary Chinese society, illuminating the diverse needs for long-term care of Chinese elders-the world's largest aging population-in the coming decades.Police Use of Research Evidence
By Elizabeth A. Stanko, Paul Dawson. 2016
This brief takes the reader through a 10-year journey of seeking to embed Evidence Based Policing within one of the…
largest police forces in the world - the Metropolitan Police Service in London, England - from the inside. As a topic, Evidence Based Policing has generated considerable recent interest and academic discussion - although largely remains without a consistent guiding voice for police practitioners. The aim of the brief is to expand upon the current discussions and address this gap within the day-to-day reality of policing where translation of research is a routine part of the day job. The book is organised into three sections: the first explores receptivity to evidence, asking practitioners to locate where they are on a continuum of evidence based craftwork; the second presents the importance of programme integrity and effective implementation in police craft; and the final section explores the challenges in professionalising policing and offers a more nuanced discussion around what it really means to be evidenced based. Throughout the brief the authors promote an insider whole-force strategic approach in landing evidence into policing 'business as normal' as opposed to an external academic or educated individual officer translation approach. Over the course of the monograph the authors draw upon their decade of experience providing case studies, toolkits, exercises, anecdotes and research experience as an inspiration for police practitioners both to practically support and inspire better evidence based working as part of the day job.Aging in Asia: Findings from New and Emerging Data Initiatives
By James P. Smith. 2012
The population of Asia is growing both larger and older. Demographically the most important continent on the world, Asia's population,…
currently estimated to be 4.2 billion, is expected to increase to about 5.9 billion by 2050. Rapid declines in fertility, together with rising life expectancy, are altering the age structure of the population so that in 2050, for the first time in history, there will be roughly as many people in Asia over the age of 65 as under the age of 15. It is against this backdrop that the Division of Behavioral and Social Research at the U.S. National Institute on Aging (NIA) asked the National Research Council (NRC), through the Committee on Population, to undertake a project on advancing behavioral and social research on aging in Asia. Aging in Asia: Findings from New and Emerging Data Initiatives is a peer-reviewed collection of papers from China, India, Indonesia, Japan, and Thailand that were presented at two conferences organized in conjunction with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Indian National Science Academy, Indonesian Academy of Sciences, and Science Council of Japan; the first conference was hosted by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing, and the second conference was hosted by the Indian National Science Academy in New Delhi. The papers in the volume highlight the contributions from new and emerging data initiatives in the region and cover subject areas such as economic growth, labor markets, and consumption; family roles and responsibilities; and labor markets and consumption.Grand Challenges of Our Aging Society: Workshop Summary
By National Research Council of the National Academies. 2010
Aging populations are generating both challenges and opportunities for societies around the globe. Increases in longevity and improvements in health…
raise many questions. What steps can be taken to optimize physical and cognitive health and productivity across the life span? How will older people finance their retirement and health care? What will be the macroeconomic implications of an aging population? How will communities be shaped by the shift in age structure? What global interconnections will affect how each society handles the aging of its population? To address these questions, the National Academies organized a symposium, summarized in the present volume, to determine how best to contribute to an evidence-based dialogue on population aging that will shape policies and programs. Presentations in the fields of biology, public health, medicine, informatics, macroeconomics, finance, urban planning, and engineering approached the challenges of aging from many different angles. The presenters reviewed the current state of knowledge in their respective fields, identifying areas of consensus and controversy and delineating the priority questions for further research and policy development.New Horizons in Health: An Integrative Approach
By National Research Council. 2001
Brings together a committee of 15 scientists with backgrounds in the biomedical, social behavioral, and scientific disciplines, who together identify…
and address a broad set of issues relating to the health of the US population. Themes addressed include predisease pathways, positive health, environmentally induced gene expression, personal ties, collective properties and healthy communities, the influence of inequality on health, population perspectives, interventions, methodology priorities, and research infrastructure. Annotation c. Book News, Inc. , Portland, OR (booknews. com)Improving Access to and Confidentiality of Research Data: Report of a Workshop
By Committee on National Statistics. 2000
A Personal Guide to Living with Progressive Memory Loss
By Prudence Twigg, Sandy Burgener. 2007
Memory loss can create problems in every aspect of a person's life. The challenge of communicating thoughts and feelings can…
be made even harder by other people's negative perceptions of dementia. This book provides practical guidance for coping with progressive memory loss, and includes examples of real people who have faced similar challenges. These stories highlight both good and bad ways to deal with the problems that arise, and are also useful for describing the experiences of memory loss to friends and family. The authors suggest ways of maintaining physical and mental health by staying active and engaged in society. They also offer techniques for improving communication, preserving self-esteem and overcoming the stigma associated with memory loss. A Personal Guide to Living with Progressive Memory Loss offers inspiration and advice for anyone in the early stages of dementia. It also provides useful insight for family and friends who wish to offer support for a loved one affected by progressive memory loss.The Governor's Hounds
By Barry A. Crouch, Donaly E. Brice. 2011
In the tumultuous years following the Civil War, violence and lawlessness plagued the state of Texas, often overwhelming the ability…
of local law enforcement to maintain order. In response, Reconstruction-era governor Edmund J. Davis created a state-wide police force that could be mobilized whenever and wherever local authorities were unable or unwilling to control lawlessness. During its three years (1870-1873) of existence, however, the Texas State Police was reviled as an arm of the Radical Republican party and widely condemned for being oppressive, arrogant, staffed with criminals and African Americans, and expensive to maintain, as well as for enforcing the new and unpopular laws that protected the rights of freed slaves. Drawing extensively on the wealth of previously untouched records in the Texas State Archives, as well as other contemporary sources, Barry A. Crouch and Donaly E. Brice here offer the first major objective assessment of the Texas State Police and its role in maintaining law and order in Reconstruction Texas. Examining the activities of the force throughout its tenure and across the state, the authors find that the Texas State Police actually did much to solve the problem of violence in a largely lawless state. While acknowledging that much of the criticism the agency received was merited, the authors make a convincing case that the state police performed many of the same duties that the Texas Rangers later assumed and fulfilled the same need for a mobile, statewide law enforcement agency.Connecting through Music with People with Dementia: A Guide for Caregivers
By Robin Rio. 2009
For people with dementia, the world can become a lonely and isolated place. Music has long been a vital instrument…
in transcending cognitive issues; bringing people together, and allowing a person to live in the moment. Connecting through Music with People with Dementia explains how a caregiver can learn to use melody or rhythm to connect with someone who may be otherwise non-responsive, and how memories can be stimulated by music that resonates with a part of someone's past. This user-friendly book demonstrates how even simple sounds and movements can engage people with dementia, promoting relaxation and enjoyment. All that's needed to succeed is a love of music, and a desire to gain greater communication and more meaningful interaction with people with dementia. The book provides practical advice on using music with people with dementia, and includes a songbook suggesting a range of popular song choices and a chapter focusing on the importance of caregivers looking after themselves as well as the people they care for. Suitable for both family and professional caregivers with no former experience of music therapy, and for music therapy students and entry level professionals, this accessible book will lay bare the secrets of music therapy to all.Design for Nature in Dementia Care
By Garuth Chalfont. 2008
Maintaining a connection to nature is increasingly recognised as an important component of caring for a person with dementia. Design…
for Nature in Dementia Care provides comprehensive examples of ways to connect to nature through indoor and outdoor activities. The author describes a wide range of activities that offer a connection to nature, such as caring for house plants and pets, gardening and cooking, practising handicrafts and domestic chores. He suggests practical ways to incorporate nature into indoor and outdoor environments and also into the design of buildings and landscapes. These suggestions are drawn from interdisciplinary research in environmental psychology, neurology, architecture, nursing and dementia care practice. This book is a practical resource for care providers and design professionals who want to use nature to improve the lives of people with dementia.Trafficking Justice: How Russian Police Enforce New Laws, from Crime to Courtroom
By Lauren A. McCarthy. 2015
In response to a growing human trafficking problem and domestic and international pressure, human trafficking and the use of slave…
labor were first criminalized in Russia in 2003. In Trafficking Justice, Lauren A. McCarthy explains why Russian police, prosecutors, and judges have largely ignored this new weapon in their legal arsenal, despite the fact that the law was intended to make it easier to pursue trafficking cases. Using a combination of interview data, participant observation, and an original dataset of more than 5,500 Russian news media articles on human trafficking cases, McCarthy explores how trafficking cases make their way through the criminal justice system, covering multiple forms of the crime—sexual, labor, and child trafficking—over the period 2003–2013. She argues that to understand how law enforcement agencies have dealt with trafficking, it is critical to understand how their "institutional machinery"—the incentives, culture, and structure of their organizations—channels decision-making on human trafficking cases toward a familiar set of routines and practices and away from using the new law. As a result, law enforcement often chooses to charge and prosecute traffickers with related crimes, such as kidnapping or recruitment into prostitution, rather than under the 2003 trafficking law because these other charges are more familiar and easier to bring to a successful resolution. In other words, after ten years of practice, Russian law enforcement has settled on a policy of prosecuting traffickers, not trafficking.Security beyond the State
By Rita Abrahamsen, Michael C. Williams. 2011
Across the globe, from mega-cities to isolated resource enclaves, the provision and governance of security takes place within assemblages that…
are de-territorialized in terms of actors, technologies, norms and discourses. They are embedded in a complex transnational architecture, defying conventional distinctions between public and private, global and local. Drawing on theories of globalization and late modernity, along with insights from criminology, political science and sociology, Security Beyond the State maps the emergence of the global private security sector and develops a novel analytical framework for understanding these global security assemblages. Through in-depth examinations of four African countries - Kenya, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and South Africa - it demonstrates how global security assemblages affect the distribution of social power, the dynamics of state stability, and the operations of the international political economy, with significant implications for who gets secured and how in a global era.Understanding Well-Being in the Oldest Old
By Leonard W. Poon, Jiska Cohen-Mansfield. 2011
The demographic and social structure of most industrialized and developing countries are changing rapidly as infant mortality is reduced and…
population life span has increased in dramatic ways. In particular, the oldest-old (85+) population has grown and will continue to grow. This segment of the population tends to suffer physical and cognitive decline, and little information is available to describe how their positive and negative distal experiences, habits, and intervening proximal environmental influences impact their well-being, and how social and health policies can help meet the unique challenges they face. Understanding Well-Being in the Oldest Old is the outcome of a four-day workshop attended by U. S. and Israeli scientists and funded by the U. S. -Israel Bi-National Science Foundation to examine both novel and traditional paradigms that could extend our knowledge and understanding of the well-being of the oldest old. This volume engages social scientists in sharing methods of understanding, and thereby possibly improving, the quality of life of older populations, especially among the oldest old.The Decline of the Traditional Pension
By George A. Sandy Mackenzie. 2006
The traditional (final or average salary) pension that employers have provided their employees has suffered a huge decline in labor…
force coverage in the United Kingdom and the United States, and less severe declines in Canada and elsewhere. The traditional pension provides a precious measure of retirement security by paying retirees an annuity for life. This study compares developments in the countries just named and in Australia, Denmark, Germany, Japan, Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland to explain the forces behind the decline of the traditional pension and to contrast the experience of public sector employer-provided plans, where it remains dominant. Given the great value of the longevity insurance that the traditional plan provides, and the risks its diminished coverage entails, the book proposes a set of measures that either stem the decline or endow defined contribution pensions with some of the attributes of the traditional plan.An Introduction to Gerontology
By Ian Stuart-Hamilton. 2011
With the world's population getting increasingly older, there has never been a more pressing need for the study of old…
age and ageing. An Introduction to Gerontology provides a wide-ranging introduction to this important topic. By assuming no prior expert knowledge and avoiding jargon, this book will guide students through all the main subjects in gerontology, covering both traditional areas, such as biological and social ageing, as well as more contemporary areas, such as technology, the arts, sexuality and education of older adults. An Introduction to Gerontology is written by a team of international authors with multidisciplinary backgrounds who draw evidence from a variety of different perspectives and traditions.Who Are the Criminals? The Politics of Crime Policy
By John Hagan. 2010
How did the United States go from being a country that tries to rehabilitate street criminals and prevent white-collar crime…
to one that harshly punishes common lawbreakers while at the same time encouraging corporate crime through a massive deregulation of business? Why do street criminals get stiff prison sentences, a practice that has led to the disaster of mass incarceration, while white-collar criminals, who arguably harm more people, get slaps on the wrist--if they are prosecuted at all? In Who Are the Criminals?, one of America's leading criminologists provides new answers to these vitally important questions by telling how the politicization of crime in the twentieth century transformed and distorted crime policymaking and led Americans to fear street crime too much and corporate crime too little. John Hagan argues that the recent history of American criminal justice can be divided into two eras--the age of Roosevelt (roughly 1933 to 1973) and the age of Reagan (1974 to 2008). A focus on rehabilitation, corporate regulation, and the social roots of crime in the earlier period was dramatically reversed in the later era. In the age of Reagan, the focus shifted to the harsh treatment of street crimes, especially drug offenses, which disproportionately affected minorities and the poor and resulted in wholesale imprisonment. At the same time, a massive deregulation of business provided new opportunities, incentives, and even rationalizations for white-collar crime--and helped cause the 2008 financial crisis and subsequent recession. The time for moving beyond Reagan-era crime policies is long overdue, Hagan argues. The understanding of crime must be reshaped and we must reconsider the relative harms and punishments of street and corporate crimes.