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Pink Tax and the Law: Discriminating Against Women Consumers
By Alara Efsun Yazıcıoğlu. 2018
The emergence of the terms ‘pink tax’ and ‘tampon tax’ in everyday language suggests that women, who already suffer from…
an economic disadvantage due to the gender wage gap, are put in an even more detrimental position by means of ‘discriminatory consumption taxes’. This book is the first conducting a legal analysis to establish to what extent this public perception is accurate. Does the practice of ‘pink tax’ effectively amount to a tax in the legal sense? Does the so-called ‘tampon tax’ genuinely constitute an anomaly within the general consumption tax system? Most importantly, can these two ‘taxes’ be legally qualified as discriminatory? This book provides scientific answers to these questions. It first cuts through the existent information clutter by elucidating the pertinent economic, sociological and psychological components of the practices referred to as ‘pink tax’ and ‘tampon tax’. It then proceeds with a thorough legal analysis of all relevant aspects to determine whether women are indeed subject to discriminatory consumption taxes. It is well-established that women earn less than men. This book investigates if they simultaneously pay more due to ‘discriminatory consumption taxes’.International Construction Contracts: A Handbook
By William Godwin. 2013
Many large construction projects, such as those in the Middle East or Asia Pacific, are international in scope with a…
range of contractors and subcontractors signing contracts for delivery of specified work or services. The contractual situation in these instances may be complex and potentially includes a range of standard and bespoke contractual arrangements. In addition, the parties to these contracts may be based in different parts of the world, and are often working to different legal systems and understandings. This can lead to confusion in the understanding, interpretation and execution of a given contract. International Construction Contracts provides concise and practical guidance to those involved in the negotiation and management of international construction and engineering contracts. It sets out in clear, straightforward language the main features of construction contracts and international dispute resolution procedures. It ensures the reader is aware of the issues that might arise on the contractual side of their project so that they may better protect their party's interests. Many of the features and points discussed are illustrated by reference to the popular FIDIC contracts and the book includes a commentary on the two most widely used FIDIC design-build forms, the Yellow and Silver Books. Also included in the book is a fully worked example of a typical ICC arbitration from start to finish, with "pleadings", a detailed case narrative and commentary on events, and an example arbitration award. The ICC and SIAC arbitration rules are also provided. Written for construction professionals, the book will be of great interest to engineers, architects, project managers, quantity surveyors, contract managers and contract administrators working on international projects.MacRoberts on Scottish Construction Contracts
By MacRoberts. 2014
Provides a guide to the general principles of Scottish law relevant to construction contracts and the main provisions of the…
standard forms of construction contract used in Scotland including: the obligations of employers and contractors certification payment ending a construction contract remedies subcontracts collateral warranties insurance dispute resolution regulatory matters The new edition has been substantially updated and expanded to take account of the latest editions of the Scottish Standard Building Contracts and recent case law. Specific updates have been driven by the following changes to legislation and standard contracts Local Democracy Economic Development and Construction Act 2009 and the relative Scheme for Construction Contracts Arbitration (Scotland) Act 2010 Recognising the significant increase in use of NEC3 standard forms of contract, references to NEC3 provisions have been introduced throughout the relevant chapters so that each now covers the common law, the SBCC provisions and the NEC3 provisions. It also features new chapters on: litigation; competition; the Bribery Act 2010; and guarantees and bonds. From reviews of previous editions: ‘very approachable and readable… I would particularly recommend this book to non-legal construction professionals’ – Construction & Engineering Law ‘an informative textbook for the practitioner… [a] significant contribution to knowledge’ – Arbitration ‘a highly competent… textbook which would be of value for industry professionals with no legal background’ – Construction LawLaw for Small Business For Dummies - UK
By Clive Rich. 2016
Your own in-house legal advisor—at a fraction of the cost Written in plain-English for business people without any legal training,…
Law For Small Business For Dummies covers everything you need to be aware of regarding the law when you're starting and running your own business. Cutting through the jargon that can make even the pros scratch their heads, this book quickly gets you up-to-speed on the key areas of business law, including contracts, websites, intellectual property, data protection and partnership agreements. Plus, you'll find out how small business law applies to advertising and marketing, confidentiality agreements, the sale and supply of goods (including e-commerce), negligence and product liability. There were 526,000 new businesses registered in the UK in 2013—and, at some point, all of them will be faced with legal risks that could make the difference between success and failure. One claim could wipe out a fledgling business' profits, and hit even big businesses harder than they could ever imagine. If you're the owner of a new business and need to get a handle on the ins and outs of small business law—and don't have the budget to employ an in-house legal advisor—this trusted, approachable guide is your answer. Covers the laws surrounding the most common risks small businesses face Addresses how to deal with legal issues before a potentially costly dispute arises Provides access to handy sample contract templates on Dummies.com Serves as your own in-house legal advisor—at a fraction of the cost If you're an existing business owner or an aspiring entrepreneur thinking about starting your own business, Law For Small Business For Dummies gives you answers to questions you didn't even know to ask!Cybersecurity in France (SpringerBriefs in Cybersecurity)
By Philippe Baumard. 2017
This Brief presents the overarching framework in which each nation is developing its own cyber-security policy, and the unique position…
adopted by France. Modern informational crises have penetrated most societal arenas, from healthcare, politics, economics to the conduct of business and welfare. Witnessing a convergence between information warfare and the use of "fake news", info-destabilization, cognitive warfare and cyberwar, this book brings a unique perspective on modern cyberwarfare campaigns, escalation and de-escalation of cyber-conflicts. As organizations are more and more dependent on information for the continuity and stability of their operations, they also become more vulnerable to cyber-destabilization, either genuine, or deliberate for the purpose of gaining geopolitical advantage, waging wars, conducting intellectual theft and a wide range of crimes. Subsequently, the regulation of cyberspace has grown into an international effort where public, private and sovereign interests often collide. By analyzing the particular case of France national strategy and capabilities, the authors investigate the difficulty of obtaining a global agreement on the regulation of cyber-warfare. A review of the motives for disagreement between parties suggests that the current regulation framework is not adapted to the current technological change in the cybersecurity domain. This book suggests a paradigm shift in handling and anchoring cyber-regulation into a new realm of behavioral and cognitive sciences, and their application to machine learning and cyber-defense.This book explores the recent trend toward the transformation of religious symbols and practices into culture in Western democracies. Analyses…
of three legal cases involving religion in the public sphere are used to illuminate this trend: a municipal council chamber; a town hall; and town board meetings. Each case involves a different national context—Canada, France and the United States—and each illustrates something interesting about the shape-shifting nature of religion, specifically its flexibility and dexterity in the face of the secular, the religious and the plural. Despite the differences in national contexts, in each instance religion is transformed into culture or heritage by the courts to justify or excuse its presence and to distance the state from the possibility that it is violating legal norms of distance from religion. The cultural practice or symbol is represented as a shared national value or activity. Transforming the ‘Other’ into ‘Us’ through reconstitution is also possible. Finally, anxiety about the ‘Other’ becomes part of the story of rendering religion as culture, resulting in the impugning of anyone who dares to question the putative shared culture. The book will be essential reading for students, academics and policy-makers working in the areas of sociology of religion, religious studies, socio-legal studies, law and public policy, constitutional law, religion and politics, and cultural studies.This book examines how child protection law has been shaped by the transition to late modernity and how it copes…
with the ever-changing concept of risk. The book traces the evolution of the contemporary child protection system through historical changes, assessing the factors that have influenced the development of legal responses to abuse over a 130-year period. It does so by focussing on the Republic of Ireland where child protection has become emblematic of wider social change. The work draws on a wide range of primary and secondary sources including legislation, case law and official and media reports of child protection inquiries. It also utilises insights developed through an extensive examination of parliamentary debates on child protection matters. These materials are assessed through the lens of critical discourse analysis to explore the relationship between law, social policy and social theory as they effect child protection. While the book utilises primarily Irish sources, this multidisciplinary approach ensures the argument has international applicability. The book will be a valuable resource for all those with an interest in the development of child protection law.Media, Markets, and Morals
By Edward H. Spence, Anne Dunn, Andrew Alexandra, Aaron Quinn. 2011
Media, Markets, and Morals provides an original ethical framework designed specifically for evaluating ethical issues in the media, including new…
media. The authors apply their account of the moral role of the media, in their dual capacity as information providers for the public good and as businesses run for profit, to specific morally problematic practices and question how ethical behavior can be promoted within the industry. Brings together experts in the fields of media studies and media ethics, information ethics, and professional ethics Offers an original ethical framework designed specifically for evaluating ethical issues in the media, including new media Builds upon and further develops an innovative theoretical model for examining and evaluating media corruption and methods of media anti-corruption previously developed by authors Spence and Quinn Discloses and clarifies the inherent ethical nature of information and its communication to which the media as providers of information are necessarily committedChristianity and Global Law (Law and Religion)
By John Witte, Rafael Domingo. 2020
This book explores both historical and contemporary Christian sources and dimensions of global law and includes critical perspectives from various…
religious and philosophical traditions. Two dozen leading scholars discuss the constituent principles of this new global legal order historically, comparatively, and currently. The first part uses a historical-biographical approach to study a few of the major Christian architects of global law and transnational legal theory, from St. Paul to Jacques Maritain. The second part distills the deep Christian sources and dimensions of the main principles of global law, historically and today, separating out the distinct Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox Christian contributions as appropriate. Finally, the authors address a number of pressing global issues and challenges, where a Christian-informed legal perspective can and should have deep purchase and influence. The work makes no claim that Christianity is the only historical shaper of global law, nor that it should monopolize the theory and practice of global law today. But the book does insist that Christianity, as one of the world’s great religions, has deep norms and practices, ideas and institutions, prophets and procedures that can be of benefit as the world struggles to find global legal resources to confront humanity’s greatest challenges. The volume will be an essential resource for academics and researchers working in the areas of law and religion, transnational law, legal philosophy, and legal history.Employment Law 9e: The Essentials
By David Lewis, Malcolm Sargeant. 2020
Packed with a wealth of case law and legislation, this book will enable you to fully understand the intricacies of…
this fast-changing subject with ease. With features such as chapter summaries and further reading suggestions, Employment Law is well-suited to support you in your studies. The ninth edition has been fully updated to include coverage of the latest legislative and case law developments, including: • Issues around shared parental leave • The national living wage • Legal developments in the area of non-standard work Offering comprehensive coverage of all the key aspects of individual and collective employment law in a clear and accessible way, Employment Law is ideal for both LLB and HRM students.Essential Glow: Recipes & Tips for Using Essential Oils
By Stephanie Gerber. 2017
Lavender, chamomile, tea tree, rose, and sandalwood—invite the aromatic and healing powers of your favorite herbs and botanicals into your…
life with this beautiful guide. You’ll discover recipes, quick tips, and DIY projects to boost your beauty, home, and general wellness with your favorite essential oils, plus a diagnostic tool that helps you treat common ailments with the right essential oils. We’ve all heard that essential oils are good for us—the aromas and chemicals in these special distilled herbal treatments can soothe the senses, kick-start a sluggish day, or even help restore health or repair troubled skin. There are a whole host of ways to use them—from decadent massage candles to hardworking laundry softeners, from relieving bug-bite balm to skin-clearing concoctions. Essential Glow is packed with everything the aromatherapy DIY-er needs: 200+ recipes and projects with simple step-by-step instructions, targeted aromatherapy blends, a pantry primer, and much more.Defamation: Comparative Law and Practice
By Andrew Kenyon. 2006
Defamation: Comparative Law and Practice offers a timely and original investigation into defamation law and litigation practice in England, Australia…
and the United States, combining close legal analysis and extensive empirical research to examine central aspects of defamation law. This groundbreaking contribution to legal knowledge will be useful to researchers, academics, students and practitioners working in media and communications law. It will enable lawyers outside the US to make more informed use of US law and commentary and it sets out, in an accessible manner, the intricacies of English and Australian defamation law and practice for US legal readers.This volume provides a timely analysis of global and regional responses to international terrorism. The work assesses the role of…
the United Nations and its various organs, particularly the General Assembly and the Security Council, and discusses the key legal issues. The second part of the book examines the activity of regional organizations both in their own right as well as their interaction with the UN. The volume concludes with a discussion of whether, to what extent and how the fight against terrorism has encroached upon fundamental rules of international law such as the international protection of human rights or the use of force among states. The volume is the latest in a series drawing on the presentations of high ranking scholars, diplomats and representatives of international organizations. The result is a stimulating and thought-provoking book which will be of interest to researchers and policy-makers alike.Madame Clairevoyant's Guide to the Stars: Astrology, Our Icons, and Our Selves
By Claire Comstock-Gay. 2020
"A fresh, profound, and fun way to look at all things astro while also making spot-on observations about your pop culture…
faves." —CosmopolitanA soulful exploration of the twelve astrological signs embodied by our living “stars”—from divas to philosophers, poets to punks—and the ways they can help us better understand ourselves and each other, from the wildly popular astrology columnist for New York magazine’s The Cut.Whether you believe in it or not, astrology’s job has never been to give us a preordained vision of the future, nor to sort us into twelve neat personality types, but to provide the tools and language for delving into our weirdest, best, most thorny contradictions, and for understanding ourselves and each other in our full complexity. The stars and the planets then are more like mirrors that show us who we are, that give us an understanding of how to be and how to move through the world; how certain people do it differently, and what we can learn by studying them.In Madame Clairevoyant’s Guide to the Stars, Claire Comstock-Gay brings the sky down to Earth and points to our popular “stars”—from Aretha Franklin to Mr. Rogers, from poets in Cancer to punk singers in Scorpio—to reveal what the sky has to teach us about being human. In this wise, lyrically written guide, she examines the twelve astrological signs, illuminating the ways each one is more complicated, beautiful, and surprising than you might have been told. Claire suggests that actually it’s okay, and even important, to be a seeker, to hunger for self-knowledge, and if astrology is the vehicle for that inquiry, so be it.Madame Clairevoyant’s Guide to the Stars offers a clear introduction to the basics and an innovative new framework for creatively using astrology to illuminate our lives on earth. It’s a road map to our internal world, yes, but Claire also reminds us that it’s still our job to navigate it. Combining both heavenly insights and the earthly wisdom of writers like Cheryl Strayed and Heather Havrilesky and the poetry of Patricia Lockwood and Mary Oliver, Madame Clairevoyant’s Guide to the Stars offers a fresh, profound, and fun way to look at ourselves and others, and perhaps see each more clearly. And in that way, this book is not just beautiful, but transformative.Rebuilding Earth: Designing Ecoconscious Habitats for Humans
By Teresa Coady. 2020
A revolutionary guide to designing humane, eco-conscious homes, buildings, and cities of the future.It is estimated that the earth's population…
will expand to an unprecedented nine billion people over the next century. This explosion in population is predicted to place further stress on our environment, deplete our natural resources, and lead to increases in anxiety and depression due to overcrowding. In this visionary and uplifting book, Teresa Coady offers readers new hope. Rebuilding Earth is her blueprint for designing and building the cities, buildings, and homes of tomorrow, resulting in more conscious, sustainable, and humane living. Coady shows us how we can shift from an outdated Industrial-Age framework to a more humane, Digital-Age framework. This revolutionary approach will enable communities to harness various forms of green energy and reduce the amount of material needed to build infrastructure while contributing to a healthier planet (and society). We can then experience a new sense of purpose, health, and happiness. Meaningful and lasting change, the author tells us, can only come through designing interconnected communities that are vibrant, resilient, and communal. Unlike most predictions of doom and gloom, Coady presents a refreshingly optimistic view of humanity and its future. This book will appeal to those in the construction, design and development finance industries, as well as anyone interested in improving their lives through understanding the connections between the environment and health.Framing Celebrity: New directions in celebrity culture
By Sean Redmond, Su Holmes. 2006
Celebrity culture has a pervasive presence in our everyday lives – perhaps more so than ever before. It shapes not…
simply the production and consumption of media content but also the social values through which we experience the world. This collection analyses this phenomenon, bringing together essays which explore celebrity across a range of media, cultural and political contexts. The authors investigate topics such as the intimacy of fame, political celebrity, stardom in American ‘quality’ television (Sarah Jessica Parker), celebrity 'reality' TV (I’m a Celebrity … Get Me Out of Here!), the circulation of the porn star, the gallery film (David/David Beckham), the concept of cartoon celebrity (The Simpsons), fandom and celebrity (k.d. lang, *NSYNC), celebrity in the tabloid press, celebrity magazines (heat, Celebrity Skins), the fame of the serial killer and narratives of mental illness in celebrity culture. The collection is organized into four themed sections: Fame Now broadly examines the contemporary contours of fame as they course through new media sites (such as 'reality' TV and the internet) and different social, cultural and political spaces. Fame Body attempts to situate the star or celebrity body at the centre of the production, circulation and consumption of contemporary fame. Fame Simulation considers the increasingly strained relationship between celebrity and artifice and ‘authenticity’. Fame Damage looks at the way the representation of fame is bound up with auto-destructive tendencies or dissolution.Law and Sacrifice: Towards a Post Apartheid Theory of Law (Birkbeck Law Press)
By John Willem Gous van der Walt. 2006
In the wake of apartheid, Law and Sacrifice draws on the uniquely expansive protection of fundamental rights now entrenched in…
the South African Constitution to outline a new theory of law. The South African Constitution not only protects the rights of people against abuses of power by the state, but also against abuses of power by private legal subjects. Drawing upon the work of contemporary thinkers such as Martin Heidegger, Hannah Arendt, George Bataille, Jacques Derrida Emmanuel Levinas and Jean-Luc Nancy, the author elicits the radical democratic potential of this 'horizontal' notion of rights. Johan van der Walt argues that apartheid must be understood as more than a racist abuse of power, and here he articulates its 'sacrificial logic'. It is in going beyond this logic, he maintains, that the truly democratic potential of the South African Constitution can be understood: in a radical formal and substantive equality that offers the legal basis for rethinking a post-apartheid future. Combining a rigorous theoretical understanding with a subtle political engagement, Law and Sacrifice is a dazzling interrogation of the limits and possibilities of democratic pluralism. It will be of interest to political and legal theorists as well as to those who are concerned with South African law and politics.Focusing on the problem of indigenous spoliation in developing countries, this work explores the controversial issue of spoliation by national…
officials of the wealth of the states of which they are custodians. Due to constraints of the state system and the lack of appropriate substantive municipal law, efforts to punish those responsible for the economic rape of entire nations and to recover spoliated funds have been frustrated and rendered insubstantial. Taking a multidisciplinary approach and on the basis of data generated from empirical, cross-national research, this study makes the case for indigenous spoliation as a violation of international law. Substantially revised and updated to take account of recent legal and political developments, the second edition will be a valuable resource for academics, practitioners, NGOs, and policymakers.The Living Presidency: An Originalist Argument against Its Ever-Expanding Powers
By Saikrishna Bangalore Prakash. 2020
A constitutional originalist sounds the alarm over the presidency’s ever-expanding powers, ascribing them unexpectedly to the liberal embrace of a…
living Constitution. Liberal scholars and politicians routinely denounce the imperial presidency—a self-aggrandizing executive that has progressively sidelined Congress. Yet the same people invariably extol the virtues of a living Constitution, whose meaning adapts with the times. Saikrishna Bangalore Prakash argues that these stances are fundamentally incompatible. A constitution prone to informal amendment systematically favors the executive and ensures that there are no enduring constraints on executive power. In this careful study, Prakash contends that an originalist interpretation of the Constitution can rein in the “living presidency” legitimated by the living Constitution. No one who reads the Constitution would conclude that presidents may declare war, legislate by fiat, and make treaties without the Senate. Yet presidents do all these things. They get away with it, Prakash argues, because Congress, the courts, and the public routinely excuse these violations. With the passage of time, these transgressions are treated as informal constitutional amendments. The result is an executive increasingly liberated from the Constitution. The solution is originalism. Though often associated with conservative goals, originalism in Prakash’s argument should appeal to Republicans and Democrats alike, as almost all Americans decry the presidency’s stunning expansion. The Living Presidency proposes a baker’s dozen of reforms, all of which could be enacted if only Congress asserted its lawful authority.Chick Lit: The New Woman's Fiction
By Mallory Young, Suzanne Ferriss. 2006
From the bestselling Bridget Jones's Diary that started the trend to the television sensation Sex and the City that captured…
it on screen, "chick lit" has become a major pop culture phenomenon. Banking on female audiences' identification with single, urban characters who struggle with the same life challenges, publishers have earned millions and even created separate imprints dedicated to the genre. Not surprisingly, some highbrow critics have dismissed chick lit as trashy fiction, but fans have argued that it is as empowering as it is entertaining.This is the first volume of its kind to examine the chick lit phenomenon from a variety of angles, accounting for both its popularity and the intense reactions-positive and negative-it has provoked. The contributors explore the characteristics that cause readers to attach the moniker "chick" to a particular book and what, if anything, distinguishes the category of chick lit from the works of Jane Austen on one end and Harlequin romance novels on the other. They critique the genre from a range of critical perspectives, considering its conflicted relationship with feminism and postfeminism, heterosexual romance, body image, and consumerism. The fourteen original essays gathered here also explore such trends and subgenres as "Sistah Lit," "Mommy Lit," and "Chick Lit Jr.," as well as regional variations. As the first book to consider the genre seriously, Chick Lit offers real insight into a new generation of women's fiction.