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Building the Cape Verde Islands (Springer Theses)
By Ricardo Ramalho. 2010
Hotspots are enigmatic surface features that are not easily explained in the framework of plate tectonics Investigating their origin…
is the goal of this thesis using field evidence collected in the Cape Verde Islands a prominent hotspot archipelago in the eastern Atlantic Ocean The approach taken is to document uplift of the islands relative to sea level and use the uplift features to test various models of hotspot development Island uplift is thought to arise from the growth of the anomalously shallow seafloor on which the islands rest known as the bathymetric swell which is characteristic of hotspots The work comprises a geological summary and detailed mapping of paleo sea level markers on Cape Verde Isotopic dating of the markers shows that uplift on the islands over the last 6 Myr is up to 400 m and that the uplift chronology varies among islands Two processes act to raise the Cape Verde Islands The dominant process is one that is local to individual islands The regional swell-related component is smaller and possibly episodic The observations provide strong constraints on swell development and on hotspot modelsNonlinear Approaches in Engineering Application: Design Engineering Problems
By Reza N. Jazar, Liming Dai. 2022
Nonlinear Approaches in Engineering Applications: Design Engineering Problems examines the latest applications of nonlinear approaches in engineering and addresses a range…
of scientific problems. Chapters are authored by world-class scientists and researchers and focus on the application of nonlinear approaches in different disciplines of engineering and scientific applications, with a strong emphasis on application, physical meaning, and methodologies of the approaches. Topics covered are of high interest in engineering and physics, and an attempt has been made to expose engineers and researchers to a broad range of practical topics and approaches. This book is appropriate for researchers, students, and practicing engineers who are interested in the applications of engineering, physics, and mathematics in nonlinear approaches to solving engineering and science problems.The fourth generation of nuclear reactors: Fundamentals, Types, and Benefits Explained
By Thomas Schulenberg. 2022
This book is intended for readers who want to learn more about fourth-generation nuclear reactors without having to delve deeply…
into nuclear technology. These nuclear reactors are a number of visionary concepts for which special criteria have been set by the Generation IV International Forum with regard to safety, sustainability and economic efficiency. The book therefore describes, among other things, innovative water- and liquid-metal-cooled reactors, high-temperature and molten-salt reactors, and discusses their significance for the economy and society.The author imparts relevant basic knowledge of nuclear technology and then uses some illustrative examples to show what future opportunities this fourth generation of nuclear reactors will offer, but also what challenges will be associated with it.About the authorProf. Dr. -Ing. Thomas Schulenberg studied physics and mechanical engineering and received his doctorate in the field of sodium-cooled reactors. During his fourteen-year industrial career, he developed gas turbines for conventional power plants. Since 2000, Prof. Schulenberg was the head of the Institute for Nuclear and Energy Technology at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, where he lectured on conventional power plant technology as well as nuclear power plant technology. As a member of the steering committee for fourth-generation water-cooled reactors, he was actively involved in the Generation IV International Forum for many years.A Course in Luminescence Measurements and Analyses for Radiation Dosimetry
By Stephen W. McKeever. 2022
A Course in Luminescence Measurements and Analyses for Radiation Dosimetry A complete approach to the three key techniques in luminescence…
dosimetry In A Course in Luminescence Measurements and Analyses for Radiation Dosimetry, expert researcher Stephen McKeever delivers a holistic and comprehensive exploration of the three main luminescence techniques used in radiation dosimetry: thermoluminescence, optically stimulated luminescence, and radiophotoluminescence. The author demonstrates how the three techniques are related to one another and how they compare to each other. Throughout, the author’s focus is on pedagogy, including state-of-the-art research only where it is relevant to demonstrate a key principle or where it reveals a critical insight into physical mechanisms. The primary purpose of the book is to teach beginning researchers about the three aforementioned techniques, their similarities and distinctions, and their applications. A Course in Luminescence Measurements and Analyses for Radiation Dosimetry offers access to a companion website that includes original data sets and problems to be solved by the reader. The book also includes: A thorough introduction to the field of luminescence applications in radiation dosimetry, including a history of the subject. Comprehensive explorations of introductory models and kinetics, including the concepts of thermoluminescence, optically stimulated luminescence, and radiophotoluminescence. Practical discussions of luminescence curve shapes, including the determination of trapping parameters from experimental thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence data. In-depth examinations of dose-response functions, superlinearity, supralinearity, and sublinearity, as well as the causes of non-linearity. Detailed examples with well-known materials. A Course in Luminescence Measurements and Analyses for Radiation Dosimetry is an invaluable guide for undergraduate and graduate students in the field of radiation dosimetry, as well as faculty and professionals in the field.Solid State Physics: An Introduction
By Philip Hofmann. 2022
Enables readers to easily understand the basics of solid state physics Solid State Physics is a successful short textbook that…
gives a clear and concise introduction to its subject. The presentation is suitable for students who are exposed to this topic for the first time. Each chapter starts with basic principles and gently progresses to more advanced concepts, using easy-to-follow explanations and keeping mathematical formalism to a minimum. This new edition is thoroughly revised, with easier-to-understand descriptions of metallic and covalent bonding, a straightforward proof of Bloch's theorem, a simpler approach to the nearly free electron model, and enhanced pedagogical features, such as more than 100 discussion questions, 70 problems--including problems to train the students’ skills to find computational solutions--and multiple-choice questions at the end of each chapter, with solutions in the book for self-training. Solid State Physics introduces the readers to: Crystal structures and underlying bonding mechanisms The mechanical and vibrational properties of solids Electronic properties in both a classical and a quantum mechanical picture, with a treatment of the electronic phenomena in metals, semiconductors and insulators More advanced subjects, such as magnetism, superconductivity and phenomena emerging for nano-scaled solidsFor bachelor’s students in physics, materials sciences, engineering sciences, and chemistry, Solid State Physics serves as an introductory textbook, with many helpful supplementary learning resources included throughout the text and available online, to aid in reader comprehension.Complexity Cognition and the City aims at a deeper understanding of urbanism while invoking on an equal…
footing the contributions both the hard and soft sciences have made and are still making when grappling with the many issues and facets of regional planning and dynamics In this work the author goes beyond merely seeing the city as a self-organized emerging pattern of some collective interaction between many stylized urban agents - he makes the crucial step of attributing cognition to his agents and thus raises for the first time the question on how to deal with a complex system composed of many interacting complex agents in clearly defined settings Accordingly the author eventually addresses issues of practical relevance for urban planners and decision makers The book unfolds its message in a largely nontechnical manner so as to provide a broad interdisciplinary readership with insights ideas and other stimuli to encourage further research - with the twofold aim of further pushing back the boundaries of complexity science and emphasizing the all-important interrelation of hard and soft sciences in recognizing the cognitive sciences as another necessary ingredient for meaningful urban studiesWhat are the thinking processes and knowledge resources involved in a complex discovery? How can the physics of solids, the physics…
of nuclei, and elementary particle physics cross-fertilise in spite of the widely differing domains and energy scales they deal with? This book addresses the questions by reconstructing and examining from the historical epistemological perspective the fascinating heuristic path to the concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking. This analysis especially brings to light the role that analogical reasoning and mathematical reformulations played in the discovery process, as well as the influence of the Japanese milieu and approach to physical problems.High School and Undergraduate Physics Practicals: With 3D Simulations
By Robert Lucas. 2022
This book describes more than thirty physics practicals at high school and undergraduate levels with background information on each one, a…
description of the equipment needed, and instructions on how the experiment is performed. Uniquely, for those without access to a real laboratory, the book provides access to highly detailed 3D simulations of all the experiments. The simulations are a superset of the Virtual Physics Laboratory as reviewed and given the Green Tick of Approval by the Association for Science Education. They run in any browser that supports WebGL, such as Microsoft Edge or Firefox on Windows and Safari on Mac. For the school or university student who wants to practice and widen their knowledge of physics, or for those who are learning on their own, this is an ideal book for honing and broadening experimental skills. The simulations are the result of many years researching the teaching of online science, a field in which the author has published many papers.Conformal Invariance: An Introduction To Loops, Interfaces And Stochastic Loewner Evolution (Lecture Notes in Physics #853)
By Dragi Karevski, Malte Henkel. 2011
Conformal invariance has been a spectacularly successful tool in advancing our understanding of the two-dimensional phase transitions found in classical…
systems at equilibrium. This volume sharpens our picture of the applications of conformal invariance, introducing non-local observables such as loops and interfaces before explaining how they arise in specific physical contexts. It then shows how to use conformal invariance to determine their properties. Moving on to cover key conceptual developments in conformal invariance, the book devotes much of its space to stochastic Loewner evolution (SLE), detailing SLE's conceptual foundations as well as extensive numerical tests. The chapters then elucidate SLE's use in geometric phase transitions such as percolation or polymer systems, paying particular attention to surface effects. As clear and accessible as it is authoritative, this publication is as suitable for non-specialist readers and graduate students alike.The Elephant in the Universe: Our Hundred-Year Search for Dark Matter
By Govert Schilling. 2022
An award-winning science journalist details the quest to isolate and understand dark matter—and shows how that search has helped us…
to understand the universe we inhabit. When you train a telescope on outer space, you can see luminous galaxies, nebulae, stars, and planets. But if you add all that together, it constitutes only 15 percent of the matter in the universe. Despite decades of research, the nature of the remaining 85 percent is unknown. We call it dark matter. In The Elephant in the Universe, Govert Schilling explores the fascinating history of the search for dark matter. Evidence for its existence comes from a wealth of astronomical observations. Theories and computer simulations of the evolution of the universe are also suggestive: they can be reconciled with astronomical measurements only if dark matter is a dominant component of nature. Physicists have devised huge, sensitive instruments to search for dark matter, which may be unlike anything else in the cosmos—some unknown elementary particle. Yet so far dark matter has escaped every experiment. Indeed, dark matter is so elusive that some scientists are beginning to suspect there might be something wrong with our theories about gravity or with the current paradigms of cosmology. Schilling interviews both believers and heretics and paints a colorful picture of the history and current status of dark matter research, with astronomers and physicists alike trying to make sense of theory and observation. Taking a holistic view of dark matter as a problem, an opportunity, and an example of science in action, The Elephant in the Universe is a vivid tale of scientists puzzling their way toward the true nature of the universe.On-Board Design Models and Algorithm for Communication Based Train Control and Tracking System (Power Electronics and Applications Series)
By Tanuja Patgar, Kavitha Devi Cs. 2023
Railway systems have a long history of train protection and control, as to reduce the risk of train accidents. Many…
train control systems include automated communication between train and trackside equipment. But several different national systems are still facing cross-border rail traffic. Today, trains for cross-border traffic need to be equipped with train control systems that are installed on the tracks. This book covers the latest advances in Communication Based Train Control (CBTC) research in on-board components locomotive messaging systems, GPS sensors, communications wayside and switching networks. It also focuses on architecture and methodology using data fusion techniques. New wireless sensor integrated modeling techniques for tracking trains in satellite visible and low satellite visible environments are discussed. With a Tunnel Surveillance Integration model, the use of optimal control is necessary to improve train control performance, considering both train–ground communication and train control. The book begins with the background and evolution of train signaling and train control systems. It introduces the main features and architecture of CBTC systems and describes current challenging methods and successful implementations. This introductory book is very useful for Signal & Telecommunication engineers to get them acquainted with the technology used in CBTC, and help them in implementing the system suitable for Indian Railways. As this is a new technology, the information provided in this book is generic and will be subsequently revised after gaining further experience.Time: 10 Things You Should Know
By Colin Stuart. 2021
'A gripping exploration of one of the most fundamental, but also perplexing aspects of existence.' PROF. LEWIS DARTNELL, author of…
Origins'Such an enjoyable read...full of delightful nuggets that you will want to impress your friends and family with.' PROF. JIM AL-KHALILI, NYT bestselling author of The World According to Physics'This is a lovely, fascinating book. It blends history, geology, chemistry, philosophy and, of course, physics in a way that's delightful to read.' - ABIGAIL BEALL, author of The Art of Urban Astronomy--------Discover the secrets of one of the biggest puzzles in our history - Time. As a subject, it has perplexed and fascinated generations of scientists, historians and more, and continues to spark the most intriguing questions being asked in science today. Can time be stopped? Is time travel possible? Does time even exist...? In these ten bite-sized essays, Colin Stuart delves into these big questions and uncovers the most awe-inspiring and revealing things we should all know about time. Perfect for readers of Carlo Rovelli and anyone fascinated by space and the universe, this is a must-read for those short on time, but not curiosity.The main theme of this book is the interaction of electrons with electromagnetic waves in the presence of periodic and…
quasi-periodic structures in vacuum in view of applications in the design and operation of particle accelerators The first part of the book is concerned with the textbook-like presentation of the basic material in particular reviewing elementary electromagnetic phenomena and electron dynamics The second part of the book describes the current models for beam-wave interactions with periodic and quasi-periodic structures This is the basis for introducing in the last part of the book a number of particle and radiation sources that rest on these principles in particular the free-electron laser wake-field acceleration schemes and a number of other advanced particle accelerator concepts This second edition brings this fundamental text up-to-date in view of the enormous advances that have been made over the last decade since the first edition was published All chapters as well as the bibliography have been significantly revised and extended and the number of end-of-chapter exercises has been further increased to enhance this book s usefulness for teaching specialized graduate coursesSurfear el espacio-tiempo: Un cientifico entre agujeros negros y viajes hiperlumínicos
By Sergio De Régules, Miguel Alcubierre. 2022
«Si un día se encuentran a Albert Einstein en un elevador, huyan…» Un día, Miguel estaba viendo Star Trek cuando,…
de pronto, se le ocurrió cómo revolucionar la teoría de la relatividad y viajar más rápido que la luz… La anécdota, que parece sacada de The Big Bang Theory, es completamente real. La protagonizó un joven mexicano cuando estudiaba su doctorado en Cardiff. Este libro cuenta aquel momento, pero —más interesante aún— relata la ciencia que hay detrás de esa posibilidad, de aquellateoría de Einstein y de algunos de los postulados más espléndidos de la astrofísica. Surfear el espacio-tiempo también explica las investigaciones que vinieron después: algo incluso más importante que aquella «revelación». De la mano del divulgador Sergio de Régules, Miguel Alcubierre —actualmente uno de los científicos más importantes de Latinoamérica— nos cuenta de su vida y, con ella, la pasión infinita de indagar en las ondas gravitacionales, los agujeros negros y otros enigmas del universo.Superconducting Materials: Fundamentals, Synthesis and Applications
By Yassine Slimani, Essia Hannachi. 2022
This book presents an overview of the science of superconducting materials. It covers the fundamentals and theories of superconductivity. Subjects…
of special interest involving mechanisms of high temperature superconductors, tunneling, transport properties, magnetic properties, critical states, vortex dynamics, etc. are present in the book. It assists as a fundamental resource on the developed methodologies and techniques involved in the synthesis, processing, and characterization of superconducting materials. The book covers numerous classes of superconducting materials including fullerenes, borides, pnictides or iron-based chalcogen superconductors ides, alloys and cuprate oxides. Their crystal structures and properties are described. Thereafter, the book focuses on the progress of the applications of superconducting materials into superconducting magnets, fusion reactors, and accelerators and other superconducting magnets. The applications also cover recent progress in superconducting wires, power generators, powerful energy storage devices, sensitive magnetometers, RF and microwave filters, fast fault current limiters, fast digital circuits, transport vehicles, and medical applications.Quantum Hybrid Electronics and Materials (Quantum Science and Technology)
By Hiroshi Yamaguchi, Yoshiro Hirayama, Kazuhiko Hirakawa. 2022
This book highlights recent advances in quantum control technologies with regard to hybrid quantum systems. It addresses the following topics:…
phonon engineering based on phononic crystals, carbon-based nano materials like graphene and nanotubes, Terahertz light technology for single-molecule and quantum dots, nuclear-spin-based metrology for semiconductor quantum systems, quantum anomalous Hall effect in magnetic topological insulators, chiral three-dimensional photonic crystals, and bio-inspired magnonic systems. Each topic, as a component in the framework of hybrid quantum systems, is concisely presented by experts at the forefront of the field. Accordingly, the book offers a valuable asset, and will help readers find advanced technologies and materials suitable for their purposes.This book presents the latest theoretical studies giving new predictions and interpretations on the quantum correlation in molecular dynamics induced…
by ultrashort laser pulses. The author quantifies the amount of correlation in terms of entanglement by employing methods developed in quantum information science, in particular applied to the photoionization of a hydrogen molecule. It is also revealed that the photoelectron–ion correlation affects the vibrational dynamics of the molecular ion and induces the attosecond-level time delay in the molecular vibration. Furthermore, the book also presents how molecular vibration can couple to photons in a plasmoic nanocavity.Physicists and chemists interested in the ultrafast molecular dynamics would be the most relevant readers. They can learn how we can employ the quantum-information-science tools to understand the correlation in the molecular dynamics and why we should consider the correlation between the photoelectron and the molecular ion to describe the ion’s dynamics. They can also learn how to treat a molecule coupled to photons in a nanocavity. All the topics are related to the state-of-the-art experiments, and so, it is important to publish these results to enhance the understanding and to induce new experiments to confirm the theory presented.Das Zwillingsparadoxon unter Berücksichtigung der Gravitation (essentials)
By Helmut Günther. 2022
Die bewegte Uhr und eine Uhr im Gravitationsfeld gehen nach. Das berühmte Paradoxon von den Zwillingen, die sich erst voneinander…
entfernen und dann wieder zusammenkommen, untersuchen wir zunächst im speziell-relativistischen Gedankenexperiment, also ohne Gravitation. Der Zwilling, der seinen Bruder mit einer höheren Geschwindigkeit wieder einholt, bleibt am Ende der jüngere, was sich mit der sog. Zwillingsungleichung einfach verifizieren lässt.Die Gravitation kann prinzipiell nicht abgeschirmt werden. Ihren Einfluss auf den Gang einer Uhr verstehen wir mit einem Gedankenexperiment von V. Müller. Während die Zwillinge betragsmäßig immer dieselbe Geschwindigkeit zueinander besitzen, gelangen sie aber bei ihrer Bewegung durch den Raum in die Nähe verschiedener Massen, so dass sie unterschiedlicher Gravitation ausgesetzt sind. Das kann dazu führen, dass am Ende der zurückkehrende Zwilling sogar der ältere ist.China's Space Programme: From the Era of Mao Zedong to Xi Jinping
By S. Chandrashekar. 2022
This book comprehensively covers the history and current developments of space programme of China. It presents the complete story of…
China’s space programme from its origins through to present day activities on the International Space Station. This monograph further discusses the role of China’s space strategy in its emergence as a major power on the world stage. The book also presents the context of China’s space program within the larger narrative of international space development. The book binds together the diverse political, military, economic and technology aspects into a coherent understanding and explains their role in the establishment and growth of Chinese space programme. Given the contents, this book will be a valuable source of information for students, researchers, and historians in the area of space studies.Continental Rifted Margins 1: Definition and Methodology
By Gwenn Peron-Pinvidic. 2022
Rifted margins mark the transition between continents and oceans, which are the two first-order types of land masses on Earth.…
Rifted margins contribute to our understanding of lithospheric extensional processes and are studied by various disciplines of Earth Science (geology, geophysics, geochemistry). Thanks to better and wider public access to high-quality data, our understanding in these areas has improved significantly over these last two decades.This book summarizes this knowledge evolution and details where we stand today, with a series of case examples included. It is structured in a practical way, with concise text descriptions and comprehensive diagrams. Continental Rifted Margins 1 is a useful resource for students and newcomers to the rifted margin community - a "cookbook" of sorts to facilitate the reading of scientific publications and provide basic definitions and explanations.