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Deep Learning in Multi-step Prediction of Chaotic Dynamics: From Deterministic Models to Real-World Systems (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
By Giorgio Guariso, Fabio Dercole, Matteo Sangiorgio. 2021
The book represents the first attempt to systematically deal with the use of deep neural networks to forecast chaotic time…
series. Differently from most of the current literature, it implements a multi-step approach, i.e., the forecast of an entire interval of future values. This is relevant for many applications, such as model predictive control, that requires predicting the values for the whole receding horizon. Going progressively from deterministic models with different degrees of complexity and chaoticity to noisy systems and then to real-world cases, the book compares the performances of various neural network architectures (feed-forward and recurrent). It also introduces an innovative and powerful approach for training recurrent structures specific for sequence-to-sequence tasks. The book also presents one of the first attempts in the context of environmental time series forecasting of applying transfer-learning techniques such as domain adaptation.What If?: Serious Scientific Answers to Absurd Hypothetical Questions
By Randall Munroe. 2014
From the creator of the wildly popular xkcd, What If? gives hilarious and informative answers to important questions you probably…
never thought to ask. Millions visit xkcd.com each week to read Randall Munroe's iconic webcomic. Fans ask him a lot of strange questions. How fast can you hit a speed bump, driving, and live? When (if ever) did the sun go down on the British Empire? When will Facebook contain more profiles of dead people than living? How many humans would a T Rex rampaging through New York need to eat a day?In pursuit of answers, Munroe runs computer simulations, pores over stacks of declassified military research memos, solves differential equations and consults nuclear reactor operators. His responses are masterpieces of clarity and hilarity. They often predict the complete annihilation of humankind - or at least a really big explosion.This audiobook edition is read by geek icon Wil Wheaton (Star Trek: The Next Generation, Stand by Me, The Big Bang Theory) and has been adapted for audio in collaboration with the author.(P)2014 Blackstone AudioThe Micro World of Atoms and Molecules (Micro Science)
By Precious McKenzie. 2022
What do all the things you can see and touch in the universe have in common? Atoms! Made up of…
electrons, protons, and neutrons, atoms are so tiny you can’t see them without special microscopes. Young readers will find out about the parts of atoms, how atoms join to form molecules, and their role in the periodic table of elements.Is It Stiff or Bendable? (Properties of Materials)
By Lisa J. Amstutz. 2022
A pencil is stiff. A rubber band is bendable. Why are some objects stiff and others bendable? Find out in…
this series about materials and their properties. Informative, at-level text and engaging photographs help readers understand the differences between stiff and bendable objects.How Do We Use Light? (Science Inquiry)
By Emily Raij. 2022
Light is all around us. What is light? Where does it come from? How does it help us see? Readers…
investigate and read straightforward text accompanied by vibrant photos to learn all about light.How Is Sound Made? (Science Inquiry)
By Emily Raij. 2022
Nanomagnetism: An Interdisciplinary Approach
By Georgia C. Papaefthymiou. 2022
Nanomagnetism: An Interdisciplinary Approach provides a core foundation for understanding magnetic quantum-size effects at the nanoscale and their many applications…
across the disciplines. This textbook will be a valuable guide for students in new interdisciplinary courses in nanomagnetism and magnetic nanomaterials, an area that has experienced immense growth in the last two decades due to advancements in sample preparation, nanopatterning techniques and magnetic measurement instrumentation. The interdisciplinary nature of nanoscience also makes this book an ideal resource for scientists working in industrial laboratories and pharmaceutical and medical researchers looking to expand their understanding of the physics of magnetic probes. Key Features Discusses physical, chemical and nanotemplating synthesis techniques for the production of magnetic nanoparticles Covers experimental techniques for the determination of the macroscopic and microscopic magnetization of nanoparticles Discusses the role of nanomagnetism in high-density magnetic recording media, nanostructured permanent magnets, MRI imaging enhancement and magnetically guided drug deliveryWill It Float or Sink? (Properties of Materials)
By Lisa J. Amstutz. 2022
A rubber duck floats in the tub. A rock sinks to the bottom of a lake. Why do some objects…
float and others sink? Find out in this series about materials and their properties. Informative, at-level text and engaging photos help readers understand the differences between objects that sink and float.How Do Pushes and Pulls Affect Motion? (Science Inquiry)
By Lisa M. Simons. 2022
Is It Smooth or Rough? (Properties of Materials)
By Lisa J. Amstutz. 2022
A piece of silk is smooth. Tree bark is rough. Why are some objects smooth and others rough? Find out…
in this series about materials and their properties. Informative, at-level text and engaging photographs help readers understand the differences between smooth and rough objects.Is It Heavy or Light? (Properties of Materials)
By Lisa J. Amstutz. 2022
A bowling ball is heavy. A feather is light. Why are some items heavy and others light? Find out in…
this series about materials and their properties. Informative, at-level text and engaging photographs help readers understand the differences between heavy and light materials.Is It Shiny or Dull? (Properties of Materials)
By Lisa J. Amstutz. 2022
A diamond is shiny. A brick wall is dull. Why are some objects shiny and others dull? Find out in…
this series about materials and their properties. Informative, at-level text and engaging photographs help readers understand the differences between shiny and dull objects.How Do We Classify Materials? (Science Inquiry)
By Yvonne Pearson. 2022
Is It Hard or Soft? (Properties of Materials)
By Lisa J. Amstutz. 2022
A nail is hard. A cotton ball is soft. Why are some objects hard and others soft? Find out in…
this series about materials and their properties. Informative, at-level text and engaging photographs help readers understand the differences between hard and soft materials.Understanding Properties of Atoms, Molecules and Materials
By Sankar Prasad Bhattacharyya, Pranab Sarkar. 2022
In a technology driven civilization the quest for new and smarter materials is everlasting. They are required as platforms for…
developing new technologies or for improving an already existing technology. The discovery of a new material is no longer chance driven or accidental, but is based on careful reasoning structured by deep understanding of the microconstituents of materials - the atoms and molecules in isolation or in an assembly. That requires fair amount of exposure to quantum and statistical mechanics. `Understanding Properties of Atoms, Molecules and Materials' is an effort (perhaps the first ever) to bring all the necessary theoretical ingredients and relevant physical information in a single volume. The book introduces the readers (first year graduates) or researchers in material chemistry/engineering to elementary quantum mechanics of atoms, molecules and solids and then goes on to make them acquainted with methods of statistical mechanics (classical as well as quantum) along with elementary principles of classical MD simulation. The basic concepts are introduced with clarity and illustrated with easy to grasp examples, thus preparing the readers for an exploration through the world of materials - the exotic and the mundane. The emphasis has been on the phenomena and what shapes them at the fundamental level. A comprehensive description of modern designing principles for materials with examples is a unique feature of the book. The highlights of the book are comprehensive introduction and analysis of Quantum states of atoms and molecules The translational symmetry and quantum states in periodic and amorphous solids Band structure and tuning Classical and quantum statistics with applications to ideal gases (photons, phonons and electrons, molecules) Quantum states in type-I and type-II superconductors (elementary theory included) Magnetic materials, materials with GMR and CMR Shape memory effects in alloys and materials 2D materials (graphene and graphene analogus) NLO and photovoltaic materials Hydrogen storage material for mitigating the looming energy crisis Quantum states in low and high band gap semiconductors Semimetals Designer materials, etc. The volume is designed and organized to create interest in the science of materials and the silent revolution that is redefining the goals and boundaries of materials science continuously.Künstliche Intelligenz: Vom Schachspieler zur Superintelligenz?
By Manon Bischoff. 2022
Künstliche Intelligenz ist längst nicht mehr nur ein ernstzunehmender Schachgegner, sondern reicht in der Anwendung weit in unseren Alltag hinein.…
Doch was macht einen Computer eigentlich intelligent? Wie lernen Algorithmen und wie bringt man einer Maschine das Spielen bei? Wobei kann uns KI heute und in Zukunft helfen – und wo versagen die selbstlernenden Programme?Die hier zusammengestellten Artikel aus »Spektrum der Wissenschaft«, »Gehirn&Geist« und »spektrum.de« bieten eine themenübergreifende Übersicht zu den wichtigsten Fragen der künstlichen Intelligenz. Interessierte Laien ohne besonderes Vorwissen erhalten einen Überblick von den Grundlagen neuronaler Netze und evolutionärer Algorithmen bis hin zu aktuellen Forschungsfragen aus Naturwissenschaft und Technik.Im ersten Teil des Buchs erfahren Sie, wie man einem Computer beibringt, selbstständig zu lernen, mit welchen Tricks man Algorithmen weiter verbessert und bekannte Schwächen behebt – und wie sogar Maschinen kreativ werden können. Inwiefern das speziell beim Erlernen von Brett- und Videospielen passiert und was das für weitere Anwendungen bedeutet, erklären wir im zweiten Teil. Der dritte Abschnitt beschäftigt sich mit den Fortschritten in Forschung und Technik, die Wissenschaftler mit Hilfe von KI erlangen: von der Suche nach neuer Physik bis hin zu der Entwicklung neuer Medikamente. Das letzte Kapitel widmet sich der Frage, wo die Grenzen des vermeintlichen Alleskönners KI liegen – und welche potenziellen Gefahren heute und in Zukunft davon ausgehen.Finite Volume Methods for the Incompressible Navier–Stokes Equations (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
By Jian Li, Zhangxing Chen, Xiaolin Lin. 2022
The book aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the most recent developments in finite volume methods. Its focus is…
on the development and analysis of these methods for the two- and three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations, supported by extensive numerical results. It covers the most used lower-order finite element pairs, with well-posedness and optimal analysis for these finite volume methods.The authors have attempted to make this book self-contained by offering complete proofs and theoretical results. While most of the material presented has been taught by the authors in a number of institutions over the past several years, they also include several updated theoretical results for the finite volume methods for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. This book is primarily developed to address research needs for students and academic and industrial researchers. It is particularly valuable as a research reference in the fields of engineering, mathematics, physics, and computer sciences.Golden Years of Australian Radio Astronomy: An Illustrated History (Historical & Cultural Astronomy)
By Wayne Orchiston, Peter Robertson, Woodruff T. Sullivan III. 2021
The evolution of Australian radio astronomy from 1945 to 1960 has been studied in detail by numerous historians of science…
in recent years. This Open Access book is the first to present an overview of this remarkable chapter in Australian science. The book begins in the post-war period, as the Radiophysics Laboratory in Sydney switched from secret wartime research on radar to peacetime applications of this new technology. Next follows the detection of radio waves from space and the ensuing transformation of this fledgling science into the dominant research program at the Radiophysics Lab. Drawing from this history, the book shows how by 1960 the Radiophysics Lab had become the largest and most successful radio astronomy group in the world. The final chapter presents an overview of Australian radio astronomy from 1960 to the present day, as Australia prepares to co-host the multi-national, multi-billion-dollar Square Kilometre Array.Nearly 300 high-quality images complement the text, drawn from a wide range of sources including the extensive collection held by the CSIRO Radio Astronomy Image Archive. The book will be an essential reference for readers interested in the scientific and cultural development of radio astronomy.This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.Übungsbuch Physik für Mediziner für Dummies (Für Dummies)
By Oliver Klein. 2022
Seien wir doch ehrlich: Es gibt Fächer, da lernt man stur auswendig. Andere hingegen muss man wirklich verstehen und da…
braucht es Übung. Physik zählt zu den letzteren. Das mag lästig sein, aber Hilfe naht: Die Übungen in diesem Buch helfen Ihnen beim Verständnis von Mechanik, Thermodynamik, Elektrizitätslehre, Schwingungen und Wellen, Optik und Atomphysik. Knappe Auffrischungsinformationen und zahlreiche Beispiele ermöglichen es Ihnen, passives Wissen wieder zu aktivieren, und so ist dieses Buch für Sie ein hilfreicher Trainer vor Ihrer Physikprüfung.Analogue Quantum Simulation: A New Instrument for Scientific Understanding
By Dominik Hangleiter, Jacques Carolan, Karim P. Thébault. 2022
This book presents fresh insights into analogue quantum simulation. It argues that these simulations are a new instrument of science.…
They require a bespoke philosophical analysis, sensitive to both the similarities to and the differences with conventional scientific practices such as analogical argument, experimentation, and classical simulation.The analysis situates the various forms of analogue quantum simulation on the methodological map of modern science. In doing so, it clarifies the functions that analogue quantum simulation serves in scientific practice. To this end, the authors introduce a number of important terminological distinctions. They establish that analogue quantum ‘computation' and ‘emulation' are distinct scientific practices and lead to distinct forms of scientific understanding. The authors also demonstrate the normative value of the computation vs. emulation distinction at both an epistemic and a pragmatic level.The volume features a range of detailed case studies focusing on: i) cold atom computation of many-body localisation and the Higgs mode; ii) photonic emulation of quantum effects in biological systems; and iii) emulation of Hawing radiation in dispersive optical media. Overall, readers will discover a normative framework to isolate and support the goals of scientists undertaking analogue quantum simulation and emulation. This framework will prove useful to both working scientists and philosophers of science interested in cutting-edge scientific practice.