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Showing 121 - 140 of 9745 items
Experimental physicist at CERN and acclaimed science presenter Harry Cliff offers an eye-opening account of the inexplicable phenomena that science…
has only recently glimpsed, and that could transform our understanding of the fundamental nature of reality.Something strange is going on in the cosmos. Scientists are uncovering a catalogue of weird phenomena that simply can&’t be explained by our long-established theories of the universe. Particles with unbelievable energies are bursting from beneath the Antarctic ice. Unknown forces seem to be tugging on the basic building blocks of matter. Stars are flying away from us far faster than anyone can explain. After decades of fruitless searching, could we finally be catching glimpses of a profound new view of our physical world? Or are we being fooled by cruel tricks of the data? In Space Oddities, Harry Cliff, a physicist who does cutting-edge work on the Large Hadron Collider, provides a riveting look at the universe&’s most confounding puzzles. In a journey that spans continents, from telescopes perched high above the Atacama Desert to the subterranean caverns of state-of-the-art particle colliders to balloons hovering over the frozen icesheets of the South Pole, he meets the men and women hunting for answers—who have staked their careers and reputations on the uncertain promise of new physics. The result is a mind-expanding, of-the-moment look at the fields of physics and cosmology as they transform before us. With wonder, clarity, and a dose of humor, Cliff investigates the question: Are these anomalies accidents of nature, or could they be pointing us toward vast, hidden worlds?By Philip S. Cosgriff, Matthew J. Memmott. 2024
This book is a comprehensive guide to producing medical software for routine clinical use. It is a practical guidebook for…
medical professionals developing software to ensure compliance with medical device regulations for software products intended to be sold commercially, shared with healthcare colleagues in other hospitals, or simply used in-house.It compares requirements and latest regulations in different global territories, including the most recent EU regulations as well as UK and US regulations.This book is a valuable resource for practising clinical scientists producing medical software in-house, in addition to other medical staff writing small apps for clinical use, clinical scientist trainees, and software engineers considering a move into healthcare. The academic level is post-graduate, as readers will require a basic knowledge of software engineering principles and practice.Key Features: Up to date with the latest regulations in the UK, the EU, and the US Useful for those producing medical software for routine clinical use Contains best practiceBy Lorenzo Albertazzi, Peter Zijlstra. 2024
Optical microscopy is one of the most frequently used tools in chemistry and the life sciences. However, its limited resolution…
hampers the use of optical imaging to many other relevant problems in different disciplines. Super-Resolution Microscopy (SRM) is a new technique that allows the resolution of objects down to a few billionth of meters (nanometers), ten times better than classical microscopes, opening up opportunities to use this tool in new fields.This book describes the theory, principles, and practice of super-resolution microscopy in the field of materials science and nanotechnology. There is a growing interest in the applications of SRM beyond biology as new synthetic materials, such as nanoscale sensors and catalysts, nanostructured materials, functional polymers, and nanoparticles, have nanoscopic features that are challenging to visualize with traditional imaging methods.SRM has the potential to be used to image and understand these cutting-edge man-made objects and guide the design of materials for novel applications.This book is an ideal guide for researchers in the fields of microscopy and materials science and chemistry as well as graduate students studying physics, materials science, biomedical engineering, and chemistry.Key Features: Contains practical guidance on Super-Resolution Microscopy (SRM), an exciting and growing tool that was awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 2014 Provides a new perspective targeting materials science, unlike existing books which target readers in chemistry, life science, and biology Targets students in its core chapters, while offering more advanced material for professionals and researchers in later chaptersThis book is chock full of holes—shallow and miles deep, microscopic and visible from space, human-caused and natural, mysterious and…
maddeningly familiar.When you think of holes, what comes to mind? Maybe the irritating hole in your sock. Or the hole on the shelf where you plucked out this book. But did you know there are holes that suddenly devour entire gas stations? Big holes in the ocean that are visible from space? Small holes in balls that prevent a backyard home run? A hole is a part of something where there&’s nothing at all. Holes are investigated by scientists, used by artists, designed by engineers, and fixed by problem-solvers. They can be natural or human-made, big or small, plentiful or scarce, mysterious or painfully familiar. Many are important to our everyday lives, whether we give them credit or not.A Junior Library Guild Gold Standard SelectionBy Warren David Cummings, Louis J. Lanzerotti. 2023
This book features several of the significant scientific debates and controversies that helped develop space science in the early space…
era. The debates led to significant new understandings of the constituents and processes occurring beyond Earth’s atmosphere, and often opened new research directions. Scientific speculations with their resultant debates have played an important role in the development and furthering of research in general. The book thus has broad intellectual importance in illustrating how science advances.The book includes debates in the subject areas of heliophysics (physics in the cosmic region that covers particles and magnetic fields flowing from the Sun), Earth’s moon, solar system asteroids and comets, and the origin of cosmic gamma-ray bursts. A final chapter describes two important and surprising early scientific discoveries that involved no debates. The target audience for this book includes (a) active and retired space scientists, (b) space enthusiasts, and (c) students as supplemental (or even prime) reading in an introductory astronomy and/or space science course. The topics of the debates and controversies, their resolutions, and their pointing to further research and understanding of nature are of both historical and contemporary interest, appeal, and value.This book is part of a 2 volume book series that provides current, state-of-the-art knowledge, fundamentals of electrochemistry, design strategies,…
and future challenges in carbon-based materials for electrochemical energy production and storage devices. The key goals for nanocarbons based electrochemical devices are to provide safe operation, sustainability, high energy and power density, long working life, and reduced cost. This book describes the fundamentals and working principles of nanocarbons for basic to advanced applications for energy storage devices such as photovoltaics, electrocatalyst, and fuel cells. The book is written by leading experts in these areas making this a suitable textbook for students and providing new directions to researchers and scientists working in science and technology areas.By Martin H. Krieger. 2024
Many philosophers, physicists, and mathematicians have wondered about the remarkable relationship between mathematics with its abstract, pure, independent structures on…
one side, and the wilderness of natural phenomena on the other. Famously, Wigner found the "effectiveness" of mathematics in defining and supporting physical theories to be unreasonable, for how incredibly well it worked. Why, in fact, should these mathematical structures be so well-fitting, and even heuristic in the scientific exploration and discovery of nature? This book argues that the effectiveness of mathematics in physics is reasonable. The author builds on useful analogies of prime numbers and elementary particles, elementary structure kinship and the structure of systems of particles, spectra and symmetries, and for example, mathematical limits and physical situations. The two-dimensional Ising model of a permanent magnet and the proofs of the stability of everyday matter exemplify such effectiveness, and the power of rigorous mathematical physics. Newton is our original model, with Galileo earlier suggesting that mathematics is the language of Nature.By Agustín Udías. 2024
Athanasius Kircher, the eminent 17th-century German Jesuit professor of mathematics at the Roman College emerges as a captivating figure within…
the pages of this monograph by Agustín Udías. Aptly deemed 'the man who knew everything,' Kircher's thirty-two comprehensive works, spanning an array of subjects, provide a unique lens into his visionary perspectives. This book delves into three selected works where Kircher unveils his conceptualization of the Earth, termed the 'Geocosmos,' treated magnetism as a cosmic and spiritual force, and embarks on a cosmic exploration from Earth to the stars. From his groundbreaking speculations on the Earth's interior, attributing earthquakes and volcanoes to intricate channels of air, water, and fire, to his cosmic journey accompanied by the ethereal spirit Cosmiel, Kircher's enduring allure persists. Despite variance from contemporary knowledge, situated at the beginning of modern science, Kircher's proposals of the structure of the Earth’s interior, cosmic magnetic theories, and space journey to the stars offer a compelling glimpse into the intellectual landscape of a bygone era, making this book an essential exploration for scholars seeking a nuanced understanding of Kircher's profound influence.By Martin Poppe. 2024
Dieses für die zweite Auflage gründlich überarbeitete Buch erklärt, warum es verschiedene Varianten der Maxwell’schen Gleichungen gibt und was genau…
die physikalische Bedeutung der in ihnen vorkommenden Größen ist. Gezeigt wird ferner, wie sich die Bestimmungsgleichungen für statische elektrische und magnetische Potenziale aus den Maxwell’schen Gleichungen ergeben. Dabei ist die Rolle der dem Feld ausgesetzter Materie immer von Anfang an integraler Bestandteil der Diskussion. Multipolentwicklungen werden begründet und hergeleitet. Ferner wird dargelegt, welches Vereinfachungspotenzial in der Formulierung der dynamischen Theorie als Eichfeldtheorie liegt. Die Gesetze der Optik werden aus denen der Elektrodynamik hergeleitet. Für quasi-stationäre Rechnungen werden Begründungen geliefert, Grenzen formuliert und technische Beispiele und Gegenbeispiele gezeigt. Am Schluss wird auf weiterführende Literatur hingewiesen.By Tijmen Jan Moser, Enders Anthony Robinson. 2024
Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens (1629-1695) left an indelible mark on the fields of mathematics, physics, astronomy, and geophysics. Despite his…
groundbreaking contributions, history has often overlooked his pivotal role. While two of the most famous achievements in physics are Newton’s theory of gravity and Einstein’s general theory of relativity, less well-known is that Huygens provided central elements to these theories. This book stands to correct that deficit. For example, we show how Huygens used symmetry arguments to derive conservation laws for momentum and for energy, and what Einstein later called the principle of equivalence to derive the formula for centrifugal force. In 1689, Huygens visited Newton. Together, they walked the streets of London. Newton had recently finished his masterpiece, Principia, expounding his laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation. Huygens had essentially completed his life’s work by then, building on Archimedes, Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo, Descartes, Fermat, Pascal and his own ingenuity. He had established fame as an instrument maker (telescope, pendulum clock, planetarium). He had invented the 31 tone system. He had pioneered the first principles of remote sensing. He had discovered the rings of Saturn. He had formulated the wave theory of light. What would walking with Christiaan reveal? This book gives the result in nine chapters, namely: spontaneous order, the speed of light, Huygens’ principle, the telescope, the pendulum clock, Huygens-Fresnel principle, special relativity, centrifugal force, and curvature. In addition, there is a chapter titled What Huygens could have written on diffraction, and a chapter titled Huygens and Geophysics. Mentally walking with Christiaan, browsing his collected works — a true treasure trove for puzzle enthusiasts — and rethinking his ideas creates a vivid impression of scientific life in the 17th century, an appreciation that it is remarkably similar to ours, and an understanding of Huygens' significant and lasting contributions to science.By Aliakbar Montazer Haghighi, Abburi Anil Kumar, Dimitar P. Mishev. 2024
This textbook provides a comprehensive, thorough and up-to-date treatment of topics of mathematics that an engineer and scientist would need,…
at the basic levels that contents of engineering and sciences are built by. For this purpose, natural readers would be junior and senior undergraduate students, who normally have the content of this book under different names on their degree plans. Also, engineers and scientists will benefit from this book since the book is a comprehensive volume for such audiences.This book is written in a way that it balances both theory and practical applications of topics from linear algebra, matrix theory, calculus of multivariable, theory of complex variables, several transforms, ordinary and partial differential equations, difference equations, optimization, probability, statistics, theory of reliability and finally, applications from variety of areas of sciences and engineering.Politische Themen mit wissenschaftlichem Bezug werden medial immer präsenter. In Talkshows, Zeitungen und politischen Beratungsgremien finden oft Expertinnen und Experten…
mit Physikausbildung Gehör. Egal, ob es um Klimawandel, Finanzmarktcrashs, Pandemiepolitik oder erneuerbare Energien geht: wir müssen den Aussagen dieser Expertinnen und Experten blind vertrauen, wenn wir selbst kein Fachwissen besitzen. In diesem Buch werden physikalische Grundlagen hinter gesellschaftlich relevanten Themen auf eine allgemeinverständliche Weise erklärt. Dabei geht es vor allem darum, die für die Physik typischen Denkweisen klar zu machen. Auf welchen Grundlagen (Mechanik, Elektrodynamik, Quantentheorie, Feldtheorien, Relativitätstheorien, Statistische Physik) beruhen eigentlich physikalische Aussagen? Wie sind diese Grundlagen entstanden? Wie erstellt man in der Physik Modelle zur Beschreibung komplexer Themen? Was ist „Wahrheit" in Wissenschaften? Wie ist das Verhältnis von Modellen zur Wirklichkeit? Beim Beantworten dieser und vieler weiterer Fragen hat der Autor darauf geachtet, nur Mathematik vorauszusetzen, die das Niveau der Mittelstufe nicht überschreitet. Der vorliegende Band richtet sich an alle, die für Entscheidungen und Urteile ein einfaches aber solides Verständnis des physikalischen Denkens suchen: sei es im Alltag, in Unternehmen oder in der Politik.This graduate-level textbook deals with different aspects of plane mirrors and mirror-related symmetries. It provides us with some new ways…
of understanding symmetries in crystals and the mirror combination schemes. The inclusion of topics such as the Wigner–Seitz unit cell, reciprocal lattice, Brillouin zones, diffraction of crystals, etc., based on the mirror combination scheme, are extremely helpful in understanding many other concepts in crystallography. A mirror is the only fundamental symmetry in crystals, and all other permissible symmetries in crystalline solids can be derived from suitable combinations of mirrors, called derived symmetries. A rudimentary knowledge of symmetry in crystallography is essential to students, researchers, and professionals in many subjects in science and technology: physics, chemistry, mathematics, molecular biology, geology, metallurgy, and particularly materials science and mineralogy.By Ricardo Lopes Coelho. 2024
This book provides a solution to the problem with the energy concept. This problem manifests itself in the fact that…
physicists clearly diverge regarding the question of what energy is. Some define it but others state that we do not know what it is. Although this is a problem for physicists who need to explain the concept, it is not a problem for physics that can be solved by laboratory means. Penetrating into the origin of the notion of energy, this book offers a clear idea of what was discovered and what was invented to interpret the findings.Following the development of the concept, it provides an explanation of the trends in contemporary textbooks. The author's repetition, in his "History and Philosophy of Physics Laboratory", of Joule’s famous experiment – the paddle wheel experiment – with a calorimeter as originally used by Joule and with a calorimeter as proposed in textbooks, is presented, yielding new insight into the phenomenon. Thus, science teachers and students will benefit from reading the book as well as historians, philosophers, students of the history and philosophy of science, and all who are interested in knowing about what it is that we call energy.By Tünde Anna Kovács, Zoltán Nyikes, Tamás Berek, Norbert Daruka, László Tóth. 2024
This book summarizes the latest findings in critical infrastructure protection and related research areas. Armed conflicts and wars are now…
closer to Europe than at any time in the last several decades, and the protection of critical infrastructures has gained new prominence. This situation has also revealed the vulnerability of critical infrastructure and the importance of its protection. The development of technologies, cybertechnologies, and digitalization in all aspects of our daily lives implies new security challenges in critical infrastructure protection and security science and this book addresses the four main dimensions of critical infrastructure protection: 1. Physical protection 2. Cybersecurity 3. Political security 4. Individual security The issue of physical security has accompanied humanity since its birth. Nowadays, this issue has become even more important due to technological advances, as this is the security area that people physically experience—physical protection, including protection against explosions and ballistic attacks, but also defense of objects and guaranteeing transportation security. Cyberspace represents the fifth domain of warfare and a central security question in our age. The base of cyberspace defense is high-quality hardware and expert support. With our lives increasingly digital, cybersecurity's core elements include safety awareness and informatics. Political security, the third dimension, is shaped by diverse political ideologies influencing economies, societies, and other aspects of life. This book explores topics such as migration policies, defense against terrorism, national and international security, and public safety.The fourth dimension, individual security, spans healthcare, food safety, energy supplies, and economic security. Each chapter of this book emphasizes security, focusing on Central Europe while addressing global concerns. Authored by researchers, experts, and scholars, this book is invaluable for Ph.D. students, professionals, and educators worldwide.The fourth dimension, individual security, spans healthcare, food safety, energy supplies, and economic security. Each chapter of this book emphasizes security, focusing on Central Europe while addressing global concerns. Authored by researchers, experts, and scholars, this book is invaluable for Ph.D. students, professionals, and educators worldwide. The fourth dimension, individual security, spans healthcare, food safety, energy supplies, and economic security. Each chapter of this book emphasizes security, focusing on Central Europe while addressing global concerns. Authored by researchers, experts, and scholars, this book is invaluable for Ph.D. students, professionals, and educators worldwide. The fourth dimension, individual security, spans healthcare, food safety, energy supplies, and economic security. Each chapter of this book emphasizes security, focusing on Central Europe while addressing global concerns. Authored by researchers, experts, and scholars, this book is invaluable for Ph.D. students, professionals, and educators worldwide. The fourth dimension, individual security, spans healthcare, food safety, energy supplies, and economic security. Each chapter of this book emphasizes security, focusing on Central Europe while addressing global concerns. Authored by researchers, experts, and scholars, this book is invaluable for Ph.D. students, professionals, and educators worldwide. The fourth dimension, individual security, spans healthcare, food safety, energy supplies, and economic security. Each chapter of this book emphasizes security, focusing on Central Europe while addressing global concerns. Authored by researchers, experts, and scholars, this book is invaluable for Ph.D. students, professionals, and educators worldwide. The fourth dimension, individual security, spans healthcare, food safetyQuantitative assessments of the effects of global change on soil development are mostly focused on soil carbon, some nutrients, pollutants…
and soil water. Soil however is a complex entity with interacting biological, physical and chemical processes that are rarely modelled in its entirety. Additionally, for the sake of simplicity various soil properties are considered constants whereas in reality they are not. Soil as we observe it is the resultant of many processes driven by varying boundary conditions such as climate and organisms including men. This is not different when we study global change, thus modelling soil development under global change overlaps with modelling soil formation. This book gives an overview of what such model should entail, with ample descriptions to use SoilGen, a simulattion model to study pedogenesis.By Wolfgang Frindte. 2024
This book presents a novel comprehensive thermodynamic framework, suitable for the design of new macroscopic models, as well as the…
combination of existing models. Our goal is to popularize thermodynamics for model designers. The example series of models includes very classic solid and fluid models, such as Newtonian, viscoplastic and viscoelastic materials, but also new heat effects and original combinations of existing models. The aim of the new proposed framework is to allow a clear and easy development of constitutive equations that automatically satisfy the second principle. Instead of writing directly constitutive relations, model designers are encouraged to first specify the energy. This book is primarily intended for graduate students and researchers in applied mathematics, engineering sciences, computational mechanics and physics. The reader is assumed to be familiar with classical mechanics, together with matrix and tensors algebra.This book discusses acoustic waves in five chapters. Chapter 1 reviews the general properties of waves. Chapter 2 presents the…
acoustic waves in fluid and solids, including the wave equations in the respective media. Chapter 3 discusses the propagation of audible acoustic waves in the air. The discussion includes analyses of speech and music we hear in the time and frequency domains. Chapter 4 discusses the propagation of acoustic waves in solids. Unlike in the air, sound waves take complicated forms in solids; they can be both in longitudinal and transverse modes, and mode conversions can occur upon reflection. Although these behaviors make the analysis difficult, we can apply them to engineering problems. Chapter 5 describes the transduction of acoustic signals. It presents acoustic transmitters and sensors along with their operation principles. Finally, Chapter 6 presents several techniques used in engineering. It is also useful to consider applying acoustic and optical techniques to engineering problems.By Georg A. Klein. 2010
Colors arise only in the brain, normally originating from electromagnetic waves from the outside world. This book is based on…
courses given by the author in the Department of Colors, Paints and Plastics at the University of Applied Sciences in Stuttgart and continued at the University of Applied Sciences in Esslingen, Germany. The development of color physics in industry began in the middle of the 19th century with the large-scale manufacturing of natural colors. Since that time, a great variety of new, especially synthetic, colorants have been produced in order to meet increasing demands for non-self-luminous colors with regard to color applications. The rapid progress in color physics and accompanying applications over the last three decades are the reasons for this work. Here, the fundamentals of color physics are outlined and the most important recent developments and applications in the color industry are discussed. 1 In comparison to the ?rst German edition, all chapters of the book have been revised and expanded with regard to effect pigments. After the introd- tory chapter, the optical fundamentals of absorbing and effect colorants are discussed. The exceptional spectral and colorimetric properties of effect p- ments are detailed in combination with further characterizing parameters. Color spaces are presented as well as the ef?ciency of recent color difference f- mulas. In addition to the normal spectral measuring methods for absorbing colorants, modi?ed procedures for effect colorations are outlined.