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Einführung in die Quanteninformatik
By Gilbert Brands. 2010
Ausgehend von der Theorie und den Protokollen der Quantenkryptografie werden in dem Band die Servicequalitäten vorgestellt, die angesichts der aktuellen…
technischen Möglichkeiten erreichbar sind. Unter Berücksichtigung wenig beachteter Gesichtspunkte der Kryptoanalyse diskutiert der Autor die erreichbare Sicherheit und untersucht die Möglichkeiten des Quantencomputing. Anhand praxisnaher Aufgaben können Leser ihr Wissen vertiefen und lernen, die Techniken kritisch zu bewerten. Mit Programmieranleitung für Simulationsversuche auf dem eigenen Rechner.Foundations of Molecular Modeling and Simulation
By Randall Q. Snurr, Claire S. Adjiman, David A. Kofke. 2016
This book is a collection of select proceedings of the FOMMS 2015 conference. FOMMS 2015 was the sixth triennial FOMMS…
conference showcasing applications of theory of computational quantum chemistry, molecular science, and engineering simulation. The theme of the 2015 meeting was on Molecular Modeling and the Materials Genome. This volume comprises chapters on many distinct applications of molecular modeling techniques. The content will be useful to researchers and students alike.Self-Organized Arrays of Gold Nanoparticles
By Luca Anghinolfi. 2011
This thesis addresses the fabrication and investigation of the optical response of gold nanoparticle arrays supported on insulating LiF(110) nanopatterned…
substrates. Motivated by the discovery of the intriguing effects that arise when electromagnetic radiation interacts with metallic nanostructures, the thesis focuses on the application of bottom-up approaches to the fabrication of extended-area plasmonic nanostructures, and the optimization of their optical response. By developing a sophisticated effective-medium model and comparing the experimental findings with model calculations, the author explores the role of the interparticle electromagnetic coupling and array dimensionality on the collective plasmonic behavior of the array, giving insights into the physical mechanisms governing the optical response.Statistical Physics of Nanoparticles in the Gas Phase
By Klavs Hansen. 2012
Thermal processes are ubiquitous and an understanding of thermal phenomena is essential for a complete description of the physics of…
nanoparticles, both for the purpose of modeling the dynamics of the particles and for the correct interpretation of experimental data. This book has the twofold aim to present coherently the relevant results coming from the recent scientific literature and to guide the readers through the process of deriving results, enabling them to explore the limits of the mathematical approximations and test the power of the method. The book is focused on the fundamental properties of nanosystems in the gas phase. For this reason there is a strong emphasis on microcanonical physics. Each chapter is enriched with exercises and 3 Appendices provide additional useful materials.Terraforming: The Creating of Habitable Worlds
By Martin Beech. 2009
This book proposes a sound and realistic exploration on the topic of terraforming. Often used as the narrative premise in…
science fiction novels, terraforming is the process by which an uninhabitable planet might be converted into one capable of supporting life. This book presents what is physically possible today and hints what might conceivably be put into practice in the next several hundred years. The author works within the realms of current technology and known physics, although speculation on future advancements inevitably enters the discussion. Introductory chapters establish why terraforming will be of great benefit to human kind, and also put in place the basic physical arguments necessary to the terraforming process. The following parts look at various proposals that have been made for terraforming the planets Mars and Venus. The book concludes with a glimpse to the much deeper future when humankind will explore and colonize the outer solar system and possibly the newly discovered exoplanets.Quantum Simulations of Materials and Biological Systems
By Rui-Qin Zhang, Jun Zeng, Herbert Treutlein. 2011
Quantum Simulations of Materials and Biological Systems features contributions from leading world experts in the fields of density functional theory…
(DFT) and its applications to material and biological systems. The recent developments of correlation functionals, implementations of Time-dependent algorithm into DFTB+ method are presented. The applications of DFT method to large materials and biological systems such as understanding of optical and electronic properties of nanoparticles, X-ray structure refinement of proteins, the catalytic process of enzymes and photochemistry of phytochromes are detailed. In addition, the book reviews the recent developments of methods for protein design and engineering, as well as ligand-based drug design. Some insightful information about the 2011 International Symposium on Computational Sciences is also provided. Quantum Simulations of Materials and Biological Systems is aimed at faculties and researchers in the fields of computational physics, chemistry and biology, as well as at the biotech and pharmaceutical industries.Thermal Quantum Field Theory and Perturbative Non-Equilibrium Dynamics
By Peter Millington. 2014
The author develops a new perturbative formalism of non-equilibrium thermal quantum field theory for non-homogeneous backgrounds. As a result of…
this formulation, the author is able to show how so-called pinch singularities can be removed, without resorting to ad hoc prescriptions, or effective resummations of absorptive effects. Thus, the author arrives at a diagrammatic approach to non-equilibrium field theory, built from modified Feynman rules that are manifestly time-dependent from tree level. This new formulation provides an alternative framework in which to derive master time evolution equations for physically meaningful particle number densities, which are valid to all orders in perturbation theory and to all orders in gradient expansion. Once truncated in a loop-wise sense, these evolution equations capture non-equilibrium dynamics on all time-scales, systematically describing energy-violating processes and the non-Markovian evolution of memory effectsTopics in Percolative and Disordered Systems
By Charles M. Newman, Alejandro F. Ramírez, Gérard Ben Arous, Pablo A. Ferrari, Vladas Sidoravicius, Maria Eulália Vares. 2014
This volume features selected and peer-reviewed articles from the Pan-American Advanced Studies Institute (PASI). The chapters are written by international…
specialists who participated in the conference. Topics include developments based on breakthroughs in the mathematical understanding of phenomena describing systems in highly inhomogeneous and disordered media, including the KPZ universality class (describing the evolution of interfaces in two dimensions), random walks in random environment and percolative systems. PASI fosters a collaboration between North American and Latin American researchers and students. The conference that inspired this volume took place in January 2012 in both Santiago de Chile and Buenos Aires. Researchers and graduate students will find timely research in probability theory, statistical physics and related disciplines.Invariant Random Fields on Spaces with a Group Action
By Nicolai Leonenko, Anatoliy Malyarenko. 2012
The author describes the current state of the art in the theory of invariant random fields. This theory is based…
on several different areas of mathematics, including probability theory, differential geometry, harmonic analysis, and special functions. The present volume unifies many results scattered throughout the mathematical, physical, and engineering literature, as well as it introduces new results from this area first proved by the author. The book also presents many practical applications, in particular in such highly interesting areas as approximation theory, cosmology and earthquake engineering. It is intended for researchers and specialists working in the fields of stochastic processes, statistics, functional analysis, astronomy, and engineering.Haar Wavelets
By Ülo Lepik, Helle Hein. 2014
This is the first book to present a systematic review of applications of the Haar wavelet method for solving Calculus…
and Structural Mechanics problems. Haar wavelet-based solutions for a wide range of problems, such as various differential and integral equations, fractional equations, optimal control theory, buckling, bending and vibrations of elastic beams are considered. Numerical examples demonstrating the efficiency and accuracy of the Haar method are provided for all solutions.Multi-finger Haptic Interaction
By Manuel Ferre, Ignacio Galiana. 2013
Multi-finger Haptic Interaction presents a panorama of technologies and methods for multi-finger haptic interaction, together with an analysis of the…
benefits and implications of adding multiple-fingers to haptic applications. Research topics covered include: design and control of advanced haptic devices;multi-contact point simulation algorithms;interaction techniques and implications in human perception when interacting with multiple fingers.These multi-disciplinary results are integrated into applications such as medical simulators for training manual skills, simulators for virtual prototyping and precise manipulations in remote environments. Multi-finger Haptic Interaction presents the current and potential applications that can be developed with these systems, and details the systems' complexity. The research is focused on enhancing haptic interaction by providing multiple contact points to the user. This state-of-the-art volume is oriented towards researchers who are involved in haptic device design, rendering methods and perception studies, as well as readers from different disciplines who are interested in applying multi-finger haptic technologies and methods to their field of interest.Teleparallel Gravity
By Ruben Aldrovandi, Jose G Pereira. 2012
Teleparallel Gravity (TG) is an alternative theory for gravitation, which is equivalent to General Relativity (GR). However, it is conceptually…
different. For example in GR geometry replaces the concept of force, and the trajectories are determined by geodesics. TG attributes gravitation to torsion, which accounts for gravitation by acting as a force. TG has already solved some old problems of gravitation (like the energy-momentum density of the gravitational field). The interest in TG has grown in the last few years. The book here proposed will be the first one dedicated exclusively to TG, and will include the foundations of the theory, as well as applications to specific problems to illustrate how the theory works.Optimised Projections for the Ab Initio Simulation of Large and Strongly Correlated Systems
By David D. O'Regan. 2011
Density functional theory (DFT) has become the standard workhorse for quantum mechanical simulations as it offers a good compromise between…
accuracy and computational cost. However, there are many important systems for which DFT performs very poorly, most notably strongly-correlated materials, resulting in a significant recent growth in interest in 'beyond DFT' methods. The widely used DFT+U technique, in particular, involves the addition of explicit Coulomb repulsion terms to reproduce the physics of spatially-localised electronic subspaces. The magnitude of these corrective terms, measured by the famous Hubbard U parameter, has received much attention but less so for the projections used to delineate these subspaces. The dependence on the choice of these projections is studied in detail here and a method to overcome this ambiguity in DFT+U, by self-consistently determining the projections, is introduced. The author shows how nonorthogonal representations for electronic states may be used to construct these projections and, furthermore, how DFT+U may be implemented with a linearly increasing cost with respect to system size. The use of nonorthogonal functions in the context of electronic structure calculations is extensively discussed and clarified, with new interpretations and results, and, on this topic, this work may serve as a reference for future workers in the field.Sept brèves leçons de physique
By Carlo Rovelli, Patrick Vighetti. 2015
Avec les mots de l'écrivain, le talent du poète, Carlo Rovelli nous fait apercevoir le mystère du monde, la beauté…
du monde, une beauté à couper le souffle. Ces sept leçons donnent un aperçu rapide des aspects les plus importants et fascinants de la grande révolution qui a bouleversé la physique au XXe siècle, et surtout des questions et des mystères que cette révolution a soulevés. Elles nous emmènent dans le monde enchanté des grandes idées de la physique actuelle : de la relativité générale d'Einstein à la physique quantique, des particules élémentaires à l'architecture de l'Univers, de la gravité quantique à la nature du temps et de la conscience. 2015.Integrated Devices for Quantum Information with Polarization Encoded Qubits
By Linda Sansoni. 2014
Quantum information science has found great experimental success by exploiting single photons. To date, however, the majority of quantum optical…
experiments use large-scale (bulk) optical elements bolted down to an optical bench, an approach that ultimately limits the complexity and stability of the quantum circuits required for quantum science and technology. The realization of complex optical schemes involving large numbers of elements requires the introduction of waveguide technology to achieve the desired scalability, stability and miniaturization of the device. This thesis reports on surprising findings in the field of integrated devices for quantum information. Here the polarization of the photon is shown to offer a suitable degree of freedom for encoding quantum information in integrated systems. The most important results concern: the quantum interference of polarization entangled photons in an on-chip directional coupler; the realization of a Controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate operating with polarization qubits; the realization of a quantum walk of bosons and fermions in an ordered optical lattice and the quantum simulation of Anderson localization of bosons and fermions simulated by polarization entangled photons in a disordered quantum walk. The findings presented in this thesis represent an important step towards the integration of a complete quantum photonic experiment in a chip.Generalized Perturbations in Modified Gravity and Dark Energy
By Jonathan Pearson. 2014
When predictions of Einstein's theory of General Relativity are compared against observations of our Universe, a huge inconsistency is found.…
The most popular fix for this inconsistency is to "invent" around 94% of the content of the universe: dark matter and dark energy. The dark energy is some exotic substance responsible for the apparent observed acceleration of the Universe. Another fix is to modify the theory of gravity: it is entirely plausible that Einstein's theory of General Relativity breaks down on cosmological scales, just as Newton's theory of gravity breaks down in the extreme gravitational field of the Sun. There are many alternative theories of gravity, each with the aim of describing observations of our Universe where General Relativity fails. Whether it is dark energy or some modified theory of gravity, it is clear that there is some "dark sector" in the Universe. In this thesis the author constructs a unifying framework for understanding the observational impact of general classes of dark sector theories, by formulating equations of state for the dark sector perturbations.Quantum Dynamics and Laser Control for Photochemistry
By Matthieu Sala. 2016
The central subject of this thesis is the theoretical description of ultrafast dynamical processes in molecular systems of chemical interest…
and their control by laser pulses. This work encompasses different cutting-edge methods in quantum chemistry, quantum dynamics and for the rigorous description of the interaction of light and matter at the molecular level. It provides a general quantum mechanical framework for the description of chemical processes guided by laser pulses, in particular near conical intersections, i. e. geometries where the nuclear and electronic motions couple and the molecule undergoes non-adiabatic (or non-Born-Oppenheimer) dynamics. In close collaboration with experimentalists, the author succeeds in making a decisive step to link and to apply quantum physics to chemistry by transferring state of the art techniques and concepts developed in physics to chemistry, such as "light dressed atoms and molecules" and "adiabatic Floquet theory". He applies these techniques in three prototypic model systems (aniline, pyrazine and NHD2) using high-level electronic structure calculations. Readers will enjoy the comprehensive and accessible introduction to the topic and methodology, as well as the clear structure of the thesis.Quantum States of Light
By Akira Furusawa. 2015
This book explains what quantum states of light look like. Of special interest, a single photon state is explained by…
using a wave picture, showing that it corresponds to the complementarity of a quantum. Also explained is how light waves are created by photons, again corresponding to the complementarity of a quantum. The author shows how an optical wave is created by superposition of a "vacuum" and a single photon as a typical example. Moreover, squeezed states of light are explained as "longitudinal" waves of light and Schrödinger's cat states as macroscopic superposition states.Topics in Percolative and Disordered Systems
By Charles Newman, Alejandro Ram rez, G rard Arous, Pablo Ferrari, Vladas Sidoravicius, Maria Vares. 2014
This volume features selected and peer-reviewed articles from the Pan-American Advanced Studies Institute (PASI). The chapters are written by international…
specialists who participated in the conference. Topics include developments based on breakthroughs in the mathematical understanding of phenomena describing systems in highly inhomogeneous and disordered media, including the KPZ universality class (describing the evolution of interfaces in two dimensions), random walks in random environment and percolative systems. PASI fosters a collaboration between North American and Latin American researchers and students. The conference that inspired this volume took place in January 2012 in both Santiago de Chile and Buenos Aires. Researchers and graduate students will find timely research in probability theory, statistical physics and related disciplines.Magnonics: From Fundamentals to Applications
By Andrei N Slavin, Sergej O Demokritov. 2013
Spin waves (and their quanta magnons) can effectively carry and process information in magnetic nanostructures. By analogy to photonics, this…
research field is labelled magnonics. It comprises the study of excitation, detection, and manipulation of magnons. From the practical point of view, the most attractive feature of magnonic devices is the controllability of their functioning by an external magnetic field. This book has been designed for students and researchers working in magnetism. Here the readers will find review articles written by leading experts working on realization of magnonic devices.