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A First Course in Topos Quantum Theory (Lecture Notes in Physics #868)
By Cecilia Flori. 2012
In the last five decades various attempts to formulate theories of quantum gravity have been made, but none has fully…
succeeded in becoming the quantum theory of gravity. One possible explanation for this failure might be the unresolved fundamental issues in quantum theory as it stands now. Indeed, most approaches to quantum gravity adopt standard quantum theory as their starting point, with the hope that the theory's unresolved issues will get solved along the way. However, these fundamental issues may need to be solved before attempting to define a quantum theory of gravity. The present text adopts this point of view, addressing the following basic questions: What are the main conceptual issues in quantum theory? How can these issues be solved within a new theoretical framework of quantum theory? A possible way to overcome critical issues in present-day quantum physics - such as a priori assumptions about space and time that are not compatible with a theory of quantum gravity, and the impossibility of talking about systems without reference to an external observer - is through a reformulation of quantum theory in terms of a different mathematical framework called topos theory. This course-tested primer sets out to explain to graduate students and newcomers to the field alike, the reasons for choosing topos theory to resolve the above-mentioned issues and how it brings quantum physics back to looking more like a "neo-realist" classical physics theory again.Advanced Statistical Methods for Astrophysical Probes of Cosmology (Springer Theses)
By Marisa Cristina March. 2012
This thesis explores advanced Bayesian statistical methods for extracting key information for cosmological model selection, parameter inference and forecasting from…
astrophysical observations. Bayesian model selection provides a measure of how good models in a set are relative to each other - but what if the best model is missing and not included in the set? Bayesian Doubt is an approach which addresses this problem and seeks to deliver an absolute rather than a relative measure of how good a model is. Supernovae type Ia were the first astrophysical observations to indicate the late time acceleration of the Universe - this work presents a detailed Bayesian Hierarchical Model to infer the cosmological parameters (in particular dark energy) from observations of these supernovae type Ia.Analytic Tools for Feynman Integrals (Springer Tracts in Modern Physics #250)
By Vladimir A. Smirnov. 2011
The goal of this book is to describe the most powerful methods for evaluating multiloop Feynman integrals that are currently…
used in practice. This book supersedes the author's previous Springer book "Evaluating Feynman Integrals" and its textbook version "Feynman Integral Calculus." Since the publication of these two books, powerful new methods have arisen and conventional methods have been improved on in essential ways. A further qualitative change is the fact that most of the methods and the corresponding algorithms have now been implemented in computer codes which are often public. In comparison to the two previous books, three new chapters have been added: One is on sector decomposition, while the second describes a new method by Lee. The third new chapter concerns the asymptotic expansions of Feynman integrals in momenta and masses, which were described in detail in another Springer book, "Applied Asymptotic Expansions in Momenta and Masses," by the author. This chapter describes, on the basis of papers that appeared after the publication of said book, how to algorithmically discover the regions relevant to a given limit within the strategy of expansion by regions. In addition, the chapters on the method of Mellin-Barnes representation and on the method of integration by parts have been substantially rewritten, with an emphasis on the corresponding algorithms and computer codes.Chaos and Complex Systems: Proceedings of the 4th International Interdisciplinary Chaos Symposium (Understanding Complex Systems)
By Santo Banerjee, Mehmet Ozer, Stavros G. Stavrinides, Suleyman Hikmet Caglar. 2012
Complexity Science and Chaos Theory are fascinating areas of scientific research with wide-ranging applications. The interdisciplinary nature and ubiquity of…
complexity and chaos are features that provides scientists with a motivation to pursue general theoretical tools and frameworks. Complex systems give rise to emergent behaviors, which in turn produce novel and interesting phenomena in science, engineering, as well as in the socio-economic sciences. The aim of all Symposia on Chaos and Complex Systems (CCS) is to bring together scientists, engineers, economists and social scientists, and to discuss the latest insights and results obtained in the area of corresponding nonlinear-system complex (chaotic) behavior. Especially for the "4th International Interdisciplinary Chaos Symposium on Chaos and Complex Systems," which took place April 29th to May 2nd, 2012 in Antalya, Turkey, the scope of the symposium had been further enlarged so as to encompass the presentation of work from circuits to econophysics, and from nonlinear analysis to the history of chaos theory. The corresponding proceedings collected in this volume address a broad spectrum of contemporary topics, including but not limited to networks, circuits, systems, biology, evolution and ecology, nonlinear dynamics and pattern formation, as well as neural, psychological, psycho-social, socio-economic, management complexity and global systems.Asymptotic Solutions of Strongly Nonlinear Systems of Differential Equations (Springer Monographs in Mathematics)
By Stanislav D. Furta, Valery V. Kozlov, Lester Senechal. 2012
The book is dedicated to the construction of particular solutions of systems of ordinary differential equations in the form of…
series that are analogous to those used in Lyapunov's first method. A prominent place is given to asymptotic solutions that tend to an equilibrium position, especially in the strongly nonlinear case, where the existence of such solutions can't be inferred on the basis of the first approximation alone. The book is illustrated with a large number of concrete examples of systems in which the presence of a particular solution of a certain class is related to special properties of the system's dynamic behavior. It is a book for students and specialists who work with dynamical systems in the fields of mechanics, mathematics, and theoretical physics.Computational Methods for Physicists: Compendium for Students (Graduate Texts in Physics)
By Simon Sirca, Martin Horvat. 2011
This book helps advanced undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral students in their daily work by offering them a compendium of numerical…
methods. The choice of methods pays significant attention to error estimates, stability and convergence issues as well as to the ways to optimize program execution speeds. Many examples are given throughout the chapters, and each chapter is followed by at least a handful of more comprehensive problems which may be dealt with, for example, on a weekly basis in a one- or two-semester course. In these end-of-chapter problems the physics background is pronounced, and the main text preceding them is intended as an introduction or as a later reference. Less stress is given to the explanation of individual algorithms. It is tried to induce in the reader an own independent thinking and a certain amount of scepticism and scrutiny instead of blindly following readily available commercial tools.Asymptotic Solutions of Strongly Nonlinear Systems of Differential Equations (Springer Monographs in Mathematics)
By Stanislav Furta, Valery Kozlov, Lester Senechal. 2012
The book is dedicated to the construction of particular solutions of systems of ordinary differential equations in the form of…
series that are analogous to those used in Lyapunov's first method. A prominent place is given to asymptotic solutions that tend to an equilibrium position, especially in the strongly nonlinear case, where the existence of such solutions can't be inferred on the basis of the first approximation alone. The book is illustrated with a large number of concrete examples of systems in which the presence of a particular solution of a certain class is related to special properties of the system's dynamic behavior. It is a book for students and specialists who work with dynamical systems in the fields of mechanics, mathematics, and theoretical physics.Cooperative Optical Non-Linearity in a Blockaded Rydberg Ensemble (Springer Theses)
By Jonathan Pritchard. 2011
This thesis describes the first demonstration of a cooperative optical non-linearity based on Rydberg excitation. Whereas in conventional non-linear optics…
the non-linearity arises directly from the interaction between light and matter, in a cooperative process it is mediated by dipole-dipole interactions between light-induced excitations. For excitation to high Rydberg states where the electron is only weakly bound, the dipole-dipole interactions are extremely large and long range, enabling an enormous enhancement of the non-linear effect. Consequently, cooperative non-linear optics using Rydberg excitations opens a new era for quantum optics enabling large single photon non-linearity to be accessible in free space for the first time. The thesis describes the theoretical underpinnings of the non- linear effect, the pioneering experimental results and implications for experiments in the single photon regime.Cavity Optomechanics: Nano- and Micromechanical Resonators Interacting with Light (Quantum Science and Technology)
By Markus Aspelmeyer, Tobias Kippenberg, Florian Marquardt. 2014
During the last few years cavity-optomechanics has emerged as a new field of research This highly interdisciplinary field…
studies the interaction between micro and nano mechanical systems and light Possible applications range from novel high-bandwidth mechanical sensing devices through the generation of squeezed optical or mechanical states to even tests of quantum theory itself This is one of the first books in this relatively young field It is aimed at scientists engineers and students who want to obtain a concise introduction to the state of the art in the field of cavity optomechanics It is valuable to researchers in nano science quantum optics quantum information gravitational wave detection and other cutting edge fields Possible applications include biological sensing frequency comb applications silicon photonics etc The technical content will be accessible to those who have familiarity with basic undergraduate physicsChanneling and Radiation in Periodically Bent Crystals (Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics #69)
By Walter Greiner, Andrey Korol, Andrey Solov Yov. 2012
The development of coherent radiation sources for sub-angstrom wavelengths - i e in the hard X-ray and gamma-ray range…
- is a challenging goal of modern physics The availability of such sources will have many applications in basic science technology and medicine and in particular they may have a revolutionary impact on nuclear and solid state physics as well as on the life sciences The present state-of-the-art lasers are capable of emitting electromagnetic radiation from the infrared to the ultraviolet while free electron lasers X-FELs are now entering the soft X-ray region Moving further i e into the hard X and or gamma ray band however is not possible without new approaches and technologies In this book we introduce and discuss one such novel approach the focus is on the radiation formed in a Crystalline Undulator where electromagnetic radiation is generated by a bunch of ultra-relativistic particles channeling through a periodically bent crystalline structure It is shown that under certain conditions such a device emits intensive spontaneous monochromatic radiation and may even reach the coherence of laser light sources Readers will be presented with the underlying fundamental physics and be familiarized with the theoretical experimental and technological advances made during the last one and a half decades in exploring the various features of investigations into crystalline undulators This research draws upon knowledge from many research fields - such as materials science beam physics the physics of radiation solid state physics and acoustics to name but a few Accordingly much care has been taken by the authors to make the book as self-contained as possible in this respect so as to also provide a useful introduction to this emerging field to a broad readership of researchers and scientist with various backgroundsAlternative Energies: Updates on Progress (Advanced Structured Materials #34)
By Germ n Ferreira. 2013
This book presents nine chapters based on fundamental and applied research of alternative energies At the present time…
the challenge is that technology has to come up with solutions that can provide environmentally friendly energy supply options that are able to cover the current world energy demand Experts around the world are working on these issues for providing new solutions that will break the existing technological barriers This book aims to address key pillars in the alternative energy field such as biomass energy hydrogen energy solar energy wind energy hydroelectric power geothermal energy and their environmental implications with the most updated progress for each pillar It also includes the life cycle assessment LCA and thermoeconomic analysis TA as tools for evaluating and optimising environmental and cost subjects Chapters are organized into fundamental research applied research and future trends and written for engineers academic researches and scientistsIn this thesis the author introduces various bio-inspired smart nanochannel systems A strategy for design and preparation of…
novel artificial responsive symmetric asymmetric single nanochannel systems under various symmetric asymmetric stimuli is presented for the first time The author s research work utilizes ion track etching polymer nanochannels with different shapes as examples to demonstrate the feasibility of the design strategy for building novel artificial functional nanochannels using various symmetric asymmetric physicochemical modifications The development of these nanochannels and their potential applications is a burgeoning new area of research and a number of exciting breakthroughs may be anticipated in the near future from the concepts and results reported in this thesis Research into artificial functional nanochannels continues to drive new developments of various real-world applications such as biosensors energy conversion systems and nanofluidic devices The work in this thesis has led to more than 15 publications in high-profile journalsBiomedical Inorganic Polymers: Bioactivity and Applications of Natural and Synthetic Polymeric Inorganic Molecules (Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology #54)
By Werner E G M ller, Xiaohong Wang, Heinz Schr der. 2013
In recent years inorganic polymers have attracted much attention in nano-biomedicine in particular in the area of regenerative…
medicine and drug delivery This growing interest in inorganic polymers has been further accelerated by the development of new synthetic and analytical methods in the field of nanotechnology and nanochemistry Examples for biomedical inorganic polymers that had been proven to exhibit biomedical effects and or have been applied in preclinical or clinical trials are polysilicate silica glass such as naturally formed biosilica and synthetic bioglass and inorganic polyphosphate Some members of the mentioned biomedical inorganic polymers have already been applied e g as bioglass for bone repair and bone tissue engineering or they are used in food processing and in dental care inorganic polyphosphates However there are a number of further biological and medicinal properties of these polymers which have been elucidated in the last few years but not yet been applied for treatment of humans In addition to polysilicates and polyphosphate there are a series of other inorganic polymers including polyarsenate and polyvanadate whose biological biomedical properties have been only marginally studied so far Moreover the combined application of inorganic polymers and organic polymeric molecules formation of organic-inorganic hybrid materials provides a variety of new materials with novel property combinations and diverse applications in nanomedicine The planned book summarizes the present state of knowledge on a large group of inorganic polymers that had hitherto been mainly considered with regard to their chemistry but not comprehensively reviewed with respect to their potential biomedical applicationsChina Satellite Navigation Conference: BeiDou/GNSS Navigation Applications • Test & Assessment Technology • User Terminal Technology (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #243)
By Jiadong Sun, Wenhai Jiao, Haitao Wu, Chuang Shi. 2012
China Satellite Navigation Conference CSNC 2013 Proceedings presents selected research papers from CSNC2013 held on 15-17 May…
in Wuhan China The theme of CSNC2013 is BeiDou Application Opportunities and Challenges These papers discuss the technologies and applications of the Global Navigation Satellite System GNSS and the latest progress made in the China BeiDou system especially They are divided into 9 topics to match the corresponding sessions in CSNC2013 which broadly covered key topics in GNSS Readers can learn about the BeiDou system and keep abreast of the latest advances in GNSS techniques and applications SUN Jiadong is the Chief Designer of the Compass BeiDou system and the Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS JIAO Wenhai is a researcher at China Satellite Navigation Office WU Haitao is a professor at Navigation Headquarters CAS SHI Chuang is a professor at Wuhan UniversityChina Satellite Navigation Conference: Satellite Navigation Signal System, Compatibility & Interoperability • Augmentation & Integrity Monitoring • Models & Methods (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #244)
By Jiadong Sun, Wenhai Jiao, Haitao Wu, Chuang Shi. 2013
China Satellite Navigation Conference CSNC 2013 Proceedings presents selected research papers from CSNC2013 held on 15-17 May…
in Wuhan China The theme of CSNC2013 is BeiDou Application Opportunities and Challenges These papers discuss the technologies and applications of the Global Navigation Satellite System GNSS and the latest progress made in the China BeiDou system especially They are divided into 9 topics to match the corresponding sessions in CSNC2013 which broadly covered key topics in GNSS Readers can learn about the BeiDou system and keep abreast of the latest advances in GNSS techniques and applications SUN Jiadong is the Chief Designer of the Compass BeiDou system and the Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS JIAO Wenhai is a researcher at China Satellite Navigation Office WU Haitao is a professor at Navigation Headquarters CAS SHI Chuang is a professor at Wuhan UniversityCavity-Enhanced Spectroscopy and Sensing (Springer Series in Optical Sciences #179)
By Gianluca Gagliardi, Hans. 2014
The book reviews the dramatic recent advances in the use of optical resonators for high sensitivity and high resolution molecular…
spectroscopy as well as for chemical mechanical and physical sensing It encompasses a variety of cavities including those made of two or more mirrors optical fiber loops fiber gratings and spherical cavities The book focuses on novel techniques and their applications Each chapter is written by an expert and or pioneer in the field These experts also provide the theoretical background in optics and molecular physics where needed Examples of recent breakthroughs include the use of frequency combs Nobel prize 2005 for cavity enhanced sensing and spectroscopy the use of novel cavity materials and geometries the development of optical heterodyne detection techniques combined to active frequency-locking schemes These methods allow the use and interrogation of optical resonators with a variety of coherent light sources for trace gas detection and sensing of strain temperature and pressureAtmospheric Effects in Space Geodesy (Springer Atmospheric Sciences)
By Harald Schuh, Johannes B hm. 2012
Various effects of the atmosphere have to be considered in space geodesy and all of them are described and treated…
consistently in this textbook Two chapters are concerned with ionospheric and tropospheric path delays of microwave and optical signals used by space geodetic techniques such as the Global Navigation Satellite Systems GNSS Very Long Baseline Interferometry VLBI or Satellite Laser Ranging SLR It is explained how these effects are best reduced and modelled to improve the accuracy of space geodetic measurements Other chapters are on the deformation of the Earth s crust due to atmospheric loading on atmospheric excitation of Earth rotation and on atmospheric effects on gravity field measurements from special satellite missions such as CHAMP GRACE and GOCE All chapters have been written by staff members of the Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation at TU Wien who are experts in the particular fieldsThe thesis of Philipp Antrett is focused on reservoir properties petrography lithofacies and sedimentology core analysis and…
nanoporosity studies It will be of major interest for colleagues involved in the exploration and production of tight gas reservoirs in Northern Europe and elsewhere - Fran ois Roure August 2012 This thesis describes a multidisciplinary multiscale approach to the analysis of tight gas reservoirs It focused initially on the facies architecture of a Permian tight gas field in the Southern Permian Basin SPB East Frisia northern Germany To improve field development 3D seismic data wireline and core data were compared to a reservoir analogue in the Panamint Valley California United States In addition to the large scale approach a work flow that investigates microporosity by combining Scanning Electron Microscopy-Broad Ion Beam SEM-BIB and optical microscopy was developed For a better understanding of the depositional environment and reservoir rock distribution in the SPB a sedimentary facies analysis of four cores from the tight gas field in East Frisia was compared to a second study area in northern central Germany This study demonstrates that tight gas exploration and production requires multidisciplinary multiscale approaches beyond standard seismic interpretation work flows to better understand the temporal and spatial evolution of these complex reservoirsAstrophysics at Very High Energies: Saas-Fee Advanced Course 40. Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy (Saas-Fee Advanced Course #40)
By Charles Dermer, Felix Aharonian, Lars Bergstr m, Marc T rler, Roland Walter. 2012
With the success of Cherenkov Astronomy and more recently with the launch of NASA s Fermi mission very-high-energy astrophysics…
has undergone a revolution in the last years This book provides three comprehensive and up-to-date reviews of the recent advances in gamma-ray astrophysics and of multi-messenger astronomy Felix Aharonian and Charles Dermer address our current knowledge on the sources of GeV and TeV photons gleaned from the precise measurements made by the new instrumentation Lars Bergstr m presents the challenges and prospects of astro-particle physics with a particular emphasis on the detection of dark matter candidates The topics covered by the 40th Saas-Fee Course present the capabilities of current instrumentation and the physics at play in sources of very-high-energy radiation to students and researchers alike This book will encourage and prepare readers for using space and ground-based gamma-ray observatories as well as neutrino and other multi-messenger detectorsBei vielen seiner witzigen Ideen Physik humorvoll zu erkl ren war ich echt sauer Ich…
dachte mir Warum zum Teufel bin ich da nicht drauf gekommen Vince Ebert Diplomphysiker und Komiker Geben Sie s zu wir alle fragen gerne mal Was ist da drin Und einige die h ren mit dem Fragen einfach nicht mehr auf Sie haken nach bis es als Antwort nur noch gibt Das war s kleiner geht s nicht mehr Da wo s klein wird wird die Welt pl tzlich ganz verr ckt Aus purer Energie werden Teilchen erzeugt Materieteilchen bekommen Geschwister aus Antimaterie Teilchen die es eigentlich gar nicht geben d rfte entstehen pl tzlich aus dem Nichts Das ist die Welt der Teilchenphysik Teilchenphysiker bauen die gr ten Experimente aller Zeiten um die kleinsten Teilchen des Universums zu untersuchen Sie gehen an die Grenzen des technisch Machbaren und berschreiten dabei die Grenzen unserer L nder Wer das alles auch so spannend findet wie die Teilchenphysiker selbst ist herzlich eingeladen dieses Buch zu lesen Wer glaubt dass man ohne ein Studium in der Teilchenphysik nichts versteht der auch Quantenfeldtheorien Teilchenbeschleuniger Higgs-Mechanismus und Co werden hier n mlich statt durch fiese Formeln mit Hilfe von Affen Enten Igeln Bibern und anschaulichen Bildern erkl rt die fiesen Formeln gibt s auch ab und zu - aber in K sten f r die die s wissen wollen Und mit Hilfe von verlinkten Videos kann man dann auch noch direkt eintauchen in die Welt des CERN des LHC Teilchenbeschleunigers und des ATLAS Experiments Viel Spa dabei ber den Autor Boris Lemmer mag Elementarteilchen Weil er schon immer wissen wollte woraus die Welt zusammengebaut ist entschloss er sich zu einem Physikstudium an der Justus-Liebig-Universit t Gie en und promoviert zur Zeit an der Georg-August-Universit t G ttingen Er arbeitet am ATLAS-Experiment einem der beiden gro en Allzweckdetektoren am weltgr ten Teilchenbeschleuniger LHC am Forschungszentrum CERN in Genf Das Jahr 2012 verbrachte er am CERN und feierte mit seinen Kollegen unter anderem die Entdeckung des Higgs-Teilchens Weil er seine Forschung so spannend findet erz hlt er gerne davon Am liebsten so dass es jeder versteht Forschung zu vermitteln ist sein gro es Hobby Daher ist er auch ein gro er Fan der Science Slams bei denen er selbst mehrfach mitmachte und 2011 die deutsche Meisterschaft gewann