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Classical Physics of Matter (Malvern Physics Series)
By J Bolton. 2000
Classical Physics of Matter explores the properties of matter that can be explained more or less directly in terms of…
classical physics. Among the topics discussed are the principles of flight and the operation of engines and refrigerators. The discussion introduces ideas such as temperature, heat, and entropy that will take you beyond Newtonian meQuantum Continuous Variables: A Primer of Theoretical Methods
By Alessio Serafini. 2024
Quantum Continuous Variables introduces the theory of continuous variable quantum systems, from its foundations based on the framework of Gaussian…
states to modern developments, including its applications to quantum information and forthcoming quantum technologies. This book addresses the theory of Gaussian states, operations, and dynamics in great depth and breadth, through a novel approach that embraces both the Hilbert space and phase descriptions.The second edition of this book has been revised throughout, and updated to include new topics, such as boson sampling, coherent feedback, nonlinear control, as well as several new solved problems.The volume includes coverage of entanglement theory and quantum information protocols, and their connection with relevant experimental set-ups. General techniques for non-Gaussian manipulations also emerge as the treatment unfolds and are demonstrated with specific case studies.This book will be of interest to graduate students looking to familiarise themselves with the field, in addition to experienced researchers eager to enhance their understanding of its theoretical methods. It will also appeal to experimentalists searching for a rigorous but accessible treatment of the theory in the area.Features Provides the first systematic graduate-level textbook for the field of quantum continuous variables and includes 77 problems for the reader, with accompanying solutions Explores applications to entanglement theory, nonlocality, quantum technologies and quantum control Describes, in detail, a comprehensive list of experimental platforms where the formalism applies Alessio Serafini earned his PhD from the University of Salerno. He is currently a Professor at University College London. His research focuses mainly on quantum optics, quantum information with continuous variables, and the theory of quantum control.Advances in 3D Bioprinting (Series in Materials Science and Engineering)
By Roger J. Narayan. 2024
"3D bioprinting" refers to processes in which an additive manufacturing approach is used to create devices for medical applications. This…
volume considers exciting applications for 3D bioprinting, including its use in manufacturing artificial tissues, surgical models, and orthopedic implants.The book includes chapters from leaders in the field on 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs, biomedical applications of digital light processing, biomedical applications of nozzle-free pyro-electrohydrodynamic jet printing of buffer-free bioinks, additive manufacturing of surgical models, dental crowns, and orthopedic implants, 3D bioprinting of dry electrodes, and 3D bioprinting for regenerative medicine and disease modeling of the ocular surface.This is an accessible reference for students and researchers on current 3D bioprinting technology, providing helpful information on the important applications of this technology. It will be a useful resource to students, researchers, and practitioners in the rapidly growing global 3D bioprinting community.Problems and Solutions in Medical Physics: Radiotherapy Physics (ISSN)
By Kwan Hoong Ng, Ngie Min Ung, Robin Hill. 2018
The third in a three-volume set exploring Problems and Solutions in Medical Physics, this volume explores common questions and their…
solutions in Radiotherapy. This invaluable study guide should be used in conjunction with other key textbooks in the field to provide additional learning opportunities.One hundred and forty-four solved problems are provided in ten chapters on basic physics topics, including: External Beam Therapy Equipment, Photon Beam Physics, Radiation dosimetry, Treatment Planning for External Beam Radiotherapy, and External Beam Commissioning and Quality Assurance.Each chapter provides examples, notes, and references for further reading to enhance understanding.Key features: Consolidates concepts and assists in the understanding and applications of theoretical concepts in medical physics Assists lecturers and instructors in setting assignments and tests Suitable as a revision tool for postgraduate students sitting medical physics, oncology, and radiology science examinationsNanotechnology for Light Pollution Reduction
By Ram K. Gupta, Tuan Anh Nguyen. 2023
Light is essential for living organisms; however, excessive light causes adverse health conditions. This book covers the most recent progress…
on nanotechnology for reducing light pollution, discussing many approaches and technologies for controlling light pollution.The book explores the fundamentals of light and the causes of light pollution, delving into light pollution’s social, economic, and ecological impacts, its effects on living beings and the environment, as well as possible solutions and methods of control. The text discusses smart lighting technology, covering the various smart nanomaterials, nanosensors, and nanodevices involved. It also explores smart lighting involving natural light from the sun, artificial skydomes, shadow-free/secondary light sources, and the basics of many emerging devices such as light-emitting diodes and photosensors.Nanotechnology is key to providing a new route for the next generation of lighting devices and systems with reduced light pollution. This essential reference illuminates emerging technologies and their applications, providing new directions to scientists, researchers, and students to better understand the principles, technologies, and applications of nanotechnology in light pollution.Mathematical modelling is an important part of nuclear medicine. Therefore, several chapters of this book have been dedicated towards describing…
this topic. In these chapters, an emphasis has been put on describing the mathematical modelling of the radiation transport of photons and electrons, as well as on the transportation of radiopharmaceuticals between different organs and compartments. It also includes computer models of patient dosimetry. Two chapters of this book are devoted towards introducing the concept of biostatistics and radiobiology. These chapters are followed by chapters detailing dosimetry procedures commonly used in the context of diagnostic imaging, as well as patient-specific dosimetry for radiotherapy treatments. For safety reasons, many of the methods used in nuclear medicine and molecular imaging are tightly regulated. Therefore, this volume also highlights the basic principles for radiation protection. It discusses the process of how guidelines and regulations aimed at minimizing radiation exposure are determined and implemented by international organisations. Finally, this book describes how different dosimetry methods may be utilized depending on the intended target, including whole-body or organ-specific imaging, as well as small-scale to cellular dosimetry.This text will be an invaluable resource for libraries, institutions, and clinical and academic medical physicists searching for a complete account of what defines nuclear medicine. The most comprehensive reference available providing a state-of-the-art overview of the field of nuclear medicine Edited by a leader in the field, with contributions from a team of experienced medical physicists, chemists, engineers, scientists, and clinical medical personnel Includes the latest practical research in the field, in addition to explaining fundamental theory and the field's historyIntroduction to Relativity Volume II: In-Depth and Accessible
By Paul Bruma. 2023
E=mc² is known as the most famous but least understood equation in physics. This two-volume textbook illuminates this equation and…
much more through clear and detailed explanations, new demonstrations, a more physical approach, and a deep analysis of the concepts and postulates of Relativity.Volume II contains, notably: In Special Relativity: complementary explanations, alternative demonstrations relying on more advanced means and revealing other aspects. Further topics: accelerated objects and the Relativistic force, nuclear reactions, the use of hyperbolic trigonometry, the Lagrangian approach, the Relativistic Maxwell’s equations. In General Relativity: tensors, the affine connection, the covariant derivative, the geodesic equation, the Schwarzschild solution with two of its great consequences: black holes and the bending of light; further axiomatic considerations on time, space, matter, energy and light speed. In Cosmology: the FLRW Metric, the Friedman equation, the cosmological constant, the four ideal cosmological Models. These subjects are presented in a concrete and incremental manner, and illustrated by many case studies. The emphasis is placed on the theoretical aspects, with rigorous demonstrations based on a minimum set of postulates. The mathematical tools dedicated to Relativity are carefully explained for those without an advanced mathematical background. Both volumes place an emphasis on the physical aspects of Relativity to aid the reader’s understanding and contain numerous questions and problems (147 in total). Solutions are given in a highly detailed manner to provide the maximum benefit to students. This textbook fills a gap in the literature by drawing out the physical aspects and consequences of Relativity, which are otherwise often second place to the mathematical aspects. Its concrete focus on physics allows students to gain a full understanding of the underlying concepts and cornerstones of Relativity.Handbook of Lipid Membranes: Molecular, Functional, and Materials Aspects
By Cyrus R. Safinya, Joachim O. Rädler. 2021
This handbook provides a unique overview of lipid membrane fundamentals and applications. The fascinating world of lipids that harbor and…
govern so many biological functionalities are discussed within the context of membrane structures, interactions, and shape evolution. Beyond the fundamentals in lipid science, this handbook focuses on how scientists are building bioinspired biomimetic systems for applications in medicine, cosmetics, and nanotechnology. Key Features: Includes experimental and theoretical overviews on the role of lipids, with or without associated biomolecules, as structural components imparting distinct membrane shapes and intermembrane interactions Covers the mechanisms of lipid-membrane curvature, by peptide and protein binding, and the roles of signalling lipids and the cytoskeleton in plasma membrane shape evolution Covers advanced X-ray and force measurement techniques Discusses applications in biomedicine, cosmetics, and nanotechnology, including lipid vectors in nucleic acid, drug delivery in dermal applications, and lipid-based sensors and artificial biointerfaces Covers artificial membranes from block copolymers, synthetic copolypeptides, and recombinant proteins Includes an exciting section that explores the role of lipids in the origin of life in hydrothermal conditions This book is a highly informative companion for professionals in biophysics, biochemistry, physical chemistry, and material and pharmaceutical sciences and bioengineering.Building Blocks of Quantum Mechanics: Theory and Applications
By Tao Xiang. 2022
This textbook provides a concise yet comprehensive introduction to the principles, concepts, and methods of quantum mechanics. It covers the…
basic building blocks of quantum mechanics theory and applications, illuminated throughout by physical insights and examples of quantum mechanics, such as the one-dimensional eigen-problem, the harmonic oscillator, the Aharonov-Bohm effect, Landau levels, the hydrogen atom, the Landau-Zener transition and the Berry phase. This self-contained textbook is suitable for junior and senior undergraduate students, in addition to advanced students who have studied general physics (including classical mechanics, electromagnetics, and atomic physics), calculus, and linear algebra.Key features: Presents an accessible and concise treatment of quantum mechanics Contains a wealth of case studies and examples to illustrate concepts Based off the author's established course and lecture notesThe Vacuum Interrupter: Theory, Design, and Application
By Paul G. Slade. 2021
Title: The Vacuum Interrupter: Theory, Design, and ApplicationShelving guide: Electrical EngineeringDr. Paul Slade draws from his nearly six decades of…
active experience to develop this second edition of The Vacuum Interrupter: Theory, Design, and Application. This book begins by discussing the design requirements for high voltage vacuum interrupters and then the contact requirements to interrupt the vacuum arc. It then continues by describing the various applications in which the vacuum interrupter is generally utilized.Part 1 of this book begins with a detailed review of the vacuum breakdown process. It continues by covering the steps necessary for the design and the manufacture of a successful vacuum interrupter. The vacuum arc is then discussed, including how it is affected as a function of current. An overview of the development and use of practical contact materials, along with their advantages and disadvantages, follows. Contact designs that are introduced to control the high current vacuum arc are also analyzed.Part 2, on application, begins with a discussion of the arc interruption process for low current and high current vacuum arcs. It examines the voltage escalation phenomenon that can occur when interrupting inductive circuits. The occurrence of contact welding for closed contacts subjected to the passage of high currents, and for contacts when closing on high currents, is explored. The general requirements for the successful manufacture and testing of vacuum circuit breakers is then presented. The general application of vacuum interrupters to switch load currents, especially when applied to capacitor circuits, is also given. The interruption of high short circuit currents is presented along with the expected performance of the two major contact designs.Owing to the ever-increasing need for environmentally friendly circuit protection devices, the development and application of the vacuum interrupter will only increase in the future. At present the vacuum circuit breaker is the technology of choice for distribution circuits (5kV to 40.5kV). It is increasingly being applied to transmission circuits (72.5kV to 242kV). In the future, its application for protecting high voltage DC networks is assured.Audience This is a practical source book for engineers and scientists interested in studying the development and application of the vacuum interrupter Research scientists in industry and universities Graduate students beginning their study of vacuum interrupter phenomena Design engineers applying vacuum interrupters in vacuum switches, vacuum contactors, vacuum circuit breakers, and vacuum contactors It provides a unique and comprehensive review of all aspects of vacuum interrupter technology for those new to the subject and for those who wish to obtain a deeper understanding of its science and application Scientists and engineers, who are beginning their research into vacuum breakdown and aspects of the vacuum arc, will find the extensive bibliography and phenomenological descriptions to be a useful introductionCalculating X-ray Tube Spectra: Analytical and Monte Carlo Approaches (ISSN)
By Gavin Poludniowski, Artur Omar, Pedro Andreo. 2022
Calculating x-ray tube spectra provides a comprehensive review of the modelling of x-ray tube emissions, with a focus on medical…
imaging and radiotherapy applications. It begins by covering the relevant background, before discussing modelling approaches, including both analytical formulations and Monte Carlo simulation. Historical context is provided, based on the past century of literature, as well as a summary of recent developments and insights. The book finishes with example applications for spectrum models, including beam quality prediction and the calculation of dosimetric and image-quality metrics.This book will be a valuable resource for postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students studying medical radiation physics, in addition to those in teaching, research, industry and healthcare settings whose work involves x-ray tubes.Key Features: Covers simple modelling approaches as well as full Monte Carlo simulation of x-ray tubes. Bremsstrahlung and characteristic contributions to the spectrum are discussed in detail. Learning is supported by free open-source software and an online repository of code. An online repository of the code that accompanies this book can be found here: https://bitbucket.org/caxtusPolymers in Energy Conversion and Storage
By Inamuddin, Mohd Imran Ahamed, Rajender Boddula, Tariq Altalhi. 2022
The research and development activities in energy conversion and storage are playing a significant role in our daily lives owing…
to the rising interest in clean energy technologies to alleviate the fossil-fuel crisis. Polymers are used in energy conversion and storage technology due to their low-cost, softness, ductility and flexibility compared to carbon and inorganic materials. Polymers in Energy Conversion and Storage provides in-depth literature on the applicability of polymers in energy conversion and storage, history and progress, fabrication techniques, and potential applications.Highly accomplished experts review current and potential applications including hydrogen production, solar cells, photovoltaics, water splitting, fuel cells, supercapacitors and batteries. Chapters address the history and progress, fabrication techniques, and many applications within a framework of basic studies, novel research, and energy applications.Additional Features Include: Explores all types of energy applications based on polymers and its composites Provides an introduction and essential concepts tailored for the industrial and research community Details historical developments in the use of polymers in energy applications Discusses the advantages of polymers as electrolytes in batteries and fuel cells This book is an invaluable guide for students, professors, scientists and R&D industrial experts working in the field.Standard Model Phenomenology
By Shaaban Khalil, Stefano Moretti. 2022
This new book is fully up to date with all the latest developments on both theoretical and experimental investigations of…
the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics with a particular emphasis on its historical development on both sides. It further stresses the cross-fertilisation between the two sub-disciplines of theoretical and experimental particle physics which has been instrumental in establishing the SM. In other words, the book develops a truly phenomenological attitude to the subject. In addition to emphasising the successes of the SM, this book also critically assesses its limitations and raises key unanswered questions for the purpose of presenting a new perspective of how to further our knowledge above and beyond it. It also contains both historical information from past experiments and latest results from the Large Hadron Collider at CERN.This book will be an invaluable reference to advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students, in addition to early-stage researchers in the field.Key Features: Provides a unique approach not found in current literature in developing and verifying the SM Presents the theory pedagogically but rigorously from basic knowledge of quantum field theory Brings together experimental and theoretical practice in one, cohesive textCosmological Clues: Evidence for the Big Bang, Dark Matter and Dark Energy
By Carolyn Devereux. 2021
Did the Universe have a beginning? Will it have an end? Or has it always been the same, never changing?…
This is the subject of cosmology; the study of the Universe, and this book provides a perfect introduction to the subject for anyone that is interested in the wonders of our UniverseThis book provides an accessible overview of the Standard Model of Cosmology, which is explained in six Cosmological Clues, including evidence for the Big Bang and dark matter and dark energy - the keystones of modern cosmology. It takes readers through some of the most exciting questions in cosmology, such as what evidence do we have that the Universe started from the Big Bang? Has dark matter been observed? Will we ever know what dark energy is? Are the multiverses real? And could the Universe be a hologram? This book is an ideal guide for anyone interested in finding out more about our Universe. It will be of interest to those studying cosmology for the first time, including readers without a scientific background, who have an interest in looking up at the stars and wondering where they all came from!Key features: Contains the latest evidence for the Big Bang, dark matter, and dark energy and explores exciting scientific ideas, such as inflation and multiverses Provides a clear explanation of the main theories of how the Universe evolved based on key observations - the Cosmological Clues Gives the reader a concise introduction to the scientific process, using cosmology as the example, and explores why it has been so successful in creating the technologies we have todayIntroduction to Relativity Volume I: In-Depth and Accessible
By Paul Bruma. 2023
E=mc² is known as the most famous but least understood equation in physics. This two-volume textbook illuminates this equation and…
much more through clear and detailed explanations, new demonstrations, a more physical approach, and a deep analysis of the concepts and postulates of Relativity. The first part of Volume I contains the whole Special Relativity theory with rigorous and complete demonstrations. The second part presents the main principles of General Relativity, including detailed explanations of the bending of light in the neighborhood of great masses, the gravitational time dilatation, and the principles leading to the famous equation of General Relativity: D(g) = k .T. The most important cosmological predictions are then described: the Big Bang theory, black holes, and gravitational waves. Plentiful historical information is contained throughout the book, particularly in an ending chapter depicting the scientific and epistemological revolution brought about by the theory of Relativity.Both volumes place an emphasis on the physical aspects of Relativity to aid the reader’s understanding and contain numerous questions and problems (147 in total). Solutions are given in a highly detailed manner to provide the maximum benefit to students. This textbook fills a gap in the literature by drawing out the physical aspects and consequences of Relativity, which are otherwise often second place to the mathematical aspects. Its concrete focus on physics allows students to gain a full understanding of the underlying concepts and cornerstones of Relativity.Introduction to Nonimaging Optics
By Julio Chaves. 2015
Introduction to Nonimaging Optics covers the theoretical foundations and design methods of nonimaging optics, as well as key concepts from…
related fields. This fully updated, revised, and expanded Second Edition: Features a new and intuitive introduction with a basic description of the advantages of nonimaging optics Adds new chapters on wavefronts for a prescribed output (irradiance or intensity), infinitesimal étendue optics (generalization of the aplanatic optics), and Köhler optics and color mixing Incorporates new material on the simultaneous multiple surface (SMS) design method in 3-D, integral invariants, and étendue 2-D Contains 21 chapters, 24 fully worked and several other examples, and 1,000+ illustrations, including photos of real devices Addresses applications ranging from solar energy concentration to illumination engineering Introduction to Nonimaging Optics, Second Edition invites newcomers to explore the growing field of nonimaging optics, while providing seasoned veterans with an extensive reference book.Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources and ECR Plasmas
By R Geller. 1996
Acknowledged as the "founding father" of and world renowned expert on electron cyclotron resonance sources Richard Geller has produced a…
unique book devoted to the physics and technicalities of electron cyclotron resonance sources. Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources and ECR Plasmas provides a primer on electron cyclotron phenomena in ion sourUnderstanding Quantum Science: A Concise Primer for Students of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics
By Steven M. Pascal. 2023
Students are naturally drawn to quantum science by the intriguing behaviors of small particles. However, they can also be intimidated…
by the lengthy and complicated treatment found in the classroom. Understanding Quantum Science: A Concise Primer for Students of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics is a highly accessible book that offers students an opportunity to grasp the most fascinating of quantum topics, without the intimidation. To be sure, math is necessary, but it is introduced as needed and kept concise. The emphasis is on the science: a certain differential equation can be solved, and when it is, we find the energies that hydrogen atom electrons are allowed to have. Each concept is developed in this manner, keeping focus on how and why it arises, and on the intriguing consequences.This book provides a brief tour of some of the wonders of quantum science. But it is more than that, it is designed to be the most concise tour possible that truly explains how these wonders arise so that you can develop a working understanding of quantum concepts. If your goal is loftier and you wish to become a quantum specialist, the conceptual groundwork presented here, along with rationalization of the mathematics required, will position you well for higher level classes.A Guide to Close Binary Systems (ISSN)
By Edwin Budding, Osman Demircan. 2022
Introduction to Close Binary Systems provides a comprehensive survey and guide to the fast-moving field of multiple, specifically binary, stars,…
with an up to date account of research around 'close', i.e. interacting pairs. Such interactions allow direct quantification of stellar properties, opening up factual insights into basic building blocks of the Universe.The book provides a much needed update for the seminal Close Binary Systems of Zdenĕk Kopal. Following a comparable plan, it presents relevant subject matter with an emphasis on building a framework of understanding to serve as a supporting resource for students and researchers. The text starts from a general historical background and progresses into the main theoretical ideas supporting our prima facie interpretation of observations. The central chapters explore further into these observational methods, arranged according to the classic subdivisions of astrometry, spectroscopy and photometry. Optimal inversion of observational data into model parametrization is a theme through these chapters. Significant here is the problem of how non-uniqueness in modelling affects interpretation. The underlying issues of stellar evolution bearing on observational evidence become paramount in the last four chapters. The book proceeds step-by-step from directly understandable examples of unevolved pairs to the challenging cases where stars are found in more and more extreme conditions, leading up to the mergers of massive black hole pairs seen in the new field of gravitational wave astronomy. This is a valuable reference for postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students working in mainstream areas of stellar astrophysics, with applications also to exoplanet research which shares some methodological features. Course designers for stellar astrophysics will find a useful selection of topics within this book.Key features:• Provides a well-explained and backgrounded, up-to-date account of close binary systems, in a fast-moving field of research that is growing in scientific importance• Surveys a wide range of case-studies within the context of binary and multiple star systems• Fills an acknowledged gap in current literatureCover Image: A public memorial to Zdenek Kopal in his home town (birthplace) of Litomysl in Czechia.Nanohertz Gravitational Wave Astronomy
By Stephen R. Taylor. 2022
Nanohertz Gravitational Wave Astronomy explores the exciting hunt for low frequency gravitational waves by using the extraordinary timing precision of…
pulsars. The book takes the reader on a tour across the expansive gravitational-wave landscape, from LIGO detections to the search for polarization patterns in the Cosmic Microwave Background, then hones in on the band of nanohertz frequencies that Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) are sensitive to. Within this band may lie many pairs of the most massive black holes in the entire Universe, all radiating in chorus to produce a background of gravitational waves. The book shows how such extra-Galactic gravitational waves can alter the arrival times of radio pulses emanating from monitored Galactic pulsars, and how we can use the pattern of correlated timing deviations from many pulsars to tease out the elusive signal. The book takes a pragmatic approach to data analysis, explaining how it is performed in practice within classical and Bayesian statistics, as well as the numerous strategies one can use to optimize numerical Bayesian searches in PTA analyses. It closes with a complete discussion of the data model for nanohertz gravitational wave searches, and an overview of the past achievements, present efforts, and future prospects for PTAs.The book is accessible to upper division undergraduate students and graduate students of astronomy, and also serves as a useful desk reference for experts in the field. Key features: Contains a complete derivation of the pulsar timing response to gravitational waves, and the overlap reduction function for PTAs. Presents a comprehensive overview of source astrophysics, and the dynamical influences that shape the gravitational wave signals that PTAs are sensitive to. Serves as a detailed primer on gravitational-wave data analysis and numerical Bayesian techniques for PTAs.