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Showing 1 - 20 of 778 items
By Vijay Kumar, Vishal Sharma, Hendrik C. Swart, Irfan Ayoub. 2023
This book highlights the optical properties of metal oxides at both the fundamental and applied level and their use in…
various applications. The book offers a basic understanding of the optical properties and related spectroscopic techniques essential for anyone interested in learning about metal oxide nanostructures. This is partly due to the fact that optical properties are closely associated with other properties and functionalities (e.g., electronic, magnetic, and thermal), which are of essential significance to many technological applications, such as optical data communications, imaging, lighting, and displays, life sciences, health care, security, and safety. The book also highlights the fundamentals and systematic developments in various optical techniques to achieve better characterization, cost-effective, user-friendly approaches, and most importantly, state-of-the-art developing methodologies for various scientific and technological applications. It provides an adequate understanding of the imposed limitations and highlights the prospects and challenges associated with optical analytical methods to achieve the desired performance in targeted applications.This book introduces a complete quantitative evaluation system of the Whole Petroleum System (WPS) on theory and expounds the correlation…
and difference between conventional and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs and resources, with large number of well-prepared charts and novel expressions. It has important guiding significance for the exploration and development of conventional and unconventional oil and gas all over the world and provides valuable insights for reader with an interest in petroleum geology.Phases of Matter and their Transitions An all-in-one, comprehensive take on matter and its phase properties In Phases of Matter…
and their Transitions, accomplished materials scientist Dr. Gijsbertus de With delivers an accessible textbook for advanced students in the molecular sciences. It offers a balanced and self-contained treatment of the thermodynamic and structural aspects of phases and the transitions between them, covering solids, liquids, gases, and their interfaces. The book lays the groundwork to describe particles and their interactions from the perspective of classical and quantum mechanics and compares phenomenological and statistical thermodynamics. It also examines materials with special properties, like glasses, liquid crystals, and ferroelectrics. The author has included an extensive appendix with a guide to the mathematics and theoretical models employed in this resource. Readers will also find: Thorough introductions to classical and quantum mechanics, intermolecular interactions, and continuum mechanics Comprehensive explorations of thermodynamics, gases, liquids, and solids Practical discussions of surfaces, including their general aspects for solids and liquids Fulsome treatments of discontinuous and continuous transitions, including discussions of irreversibility and the return to equilibrium Perfect for advanced students in chemistry and physics, Phases of Matter and their Transitions will also earn a place in the libraries of students of materials science.By Niklas Litzenberger. 2023
Teaching is characterized by complex interactions. Therefore, it is difficult to make global statements about a teaching sequence. However, methods…
that aim at a global assessment of teaching have often been used in indicator-based lesson observation. It remains unclear how reliable global assessments of entire lesson sequences are since no statements can be made about dynamic processes taking place. One approach is the State Space Grids (SSG) developed by Hollenstein (2013). These make it possible to relate the development of two teaching characteristics to each other over time to visualize dynamic processes. However, there is no suitable way to numerically capture the relationship between indicators, e.g. to compare such moment-to-moment assessments with global assessments. The aim of this work is therefore to extend the SSG approach to Advanced State Space Grids with mathematically based parameters, to test their practicability, to compare them with global assessments of entire teaching sequences, and to investigate their applicability to physics teaching. Numerical and graphical elements are added to the SSG plot. These include new relation types between the recorded indicators, chi-square tests, and parameters for densities and deviations.This book introduces characterizations of hyperordered structures using latest quantum beam technologies, the advanced theoretical methods for understanding the roles of the…
structures, and the state-of-the-arts materials containing the structures. In this book, the authors focus on the importance of defect complexes to improve functionality of crystals and that of orders of network structures to improve functionality of glass materials. These features can be regarded as interphases between perfect crystals and perfect amorphous, and they are the key factor for the evolution of materials science to a new dimension. The authors call such interphases "hyperordered structures" in this book. This is the first book that comprehensively summarizes glass science, defect science, and quantum beam science. It is valuable not only for active researchers in industry and academia but also graduate students.By Andreas Wipf. 2023
Das vorliegende Buch führt durch die Symmetrien in der Physik: Es werden wichtige Gruppen und Symmetrien aus der Molekülphysik, der…
Festkörperphysik und (Quanten-)Feldtheorie vorgestellt und behandelt. Das Buch richtet sich an Studierende der Physik, die entweder die Vorlesung zur Gruppen- und Darstellungstheorie hören oder sich im Rahmen einer Bachelor-, Master- oder Doktorarbeit in Gruppentheorie und Symmetrien in der Physik einlesen möchten. Behandelt werden u.a. endliche und kontinuierliche Gruppen sowie Lie-Algebren und deren Darstellungen, aber auch klassische und quantisierte Feldtheorien, Eichtheorien und konforme Feldtheorien. Der Autor verbindet in den Kapiteln die mathematischen Grundlagen mit der physikalischen Anwendung. Beispiele, Aufgaben und Zwischenfragen helfen Leserinnen und Lesern dabei, ihr Verständnis zu überprüfen..By Adrià Delhom, Alejandro Jiménez Cano, Francisco José Maldonado Torralba. 2023
This book presents the most common types of instabilities arising in classical field theories, namely tachyonic, Laplacian, ghost-like or strong…
coupling instabilities, also commenting on their quantum implications. The authors provide a detailed account on the Ostrogradski theorem and its implications for higher-order time-derivative field theories. After presenting the general concepts and formalism, they dive into its applications to particular field theories, using mainly modified gravity theories as examples. The book is intended for advanced undergraduate/graduate students, but can also be useful for researchers, for having a unified exposition of general results on instabilities in field theory and examples of their applications.This book is a brief and accessible popular science text intended for a broad audience and of particular interest also…
to science students and specialists. Using a minimum of mathematics, a number of qualitative and quantitative examples, and clear illustrations, the author explains the science of thermodynamics in its full historical context, focusing on the concepts of energy and its availability and transformation in thermodynamic processes. His ultimate aim is to gain a deep understanding of the second law—the increase of entropy—and its rather disheartening message of a universe descending inexorably into chaos and disorder. It also examines the connection between the second law and why things go wrong in our daily lives. Readers will enhance their science literacy and feel more at home on the science side of author C. P. Snow's celebrated two-culture, science-humanities divide, and hopefully will feel more at home in the universe knowing that the disorder we deal with in our daily lives is not anyone's fault but Nature's.By Xiujie Deng. 2024
This open access book is devoted to the theoretical and experimental studies of a novel accelerator light source mechanism called…
steady-state microbunching (SSMB) which promises high-power, high-repetition rate, narrow-band coherent radiation in an electron storage ring. The contribution of this dissertation consists of three parts: first, answers the question of how to realize SSMB from a beam dynamics perspective; second, reveals what radiation characteristics can we obtain from the formed SSMB; and third, experimentally demonstrates the working mechanism of SSMB in a real machine for the first time. The highlights of this book can be summarized as: Presents the first proof-of-principle experiment of a promising accelerator light source mechanism; Covers precision longitudinal and transverse-longitudinal coupling dynamics in a storage ring; Provides useful formulas and example parameters for high-power infrared, EUV and soft X-ray light source design.By The Association Education. 2023
Enhance your teaching with expert advice and support for Key Stages 3 and 4 Physics from the Teaching Secondary series…
- the trusted teacher's guide for NQTs, non-specialists and experienced teachers.Written in association with ASE, this updated edition provides best practice teaching strategies from academic experts and practising teachers.- Refresh your subject knowledge, whatever your level of expertise- Gain strategies for delivering the big ideas of science using suggested teaching sequences- Engage students and develop their understanding with practical activities for each topic- Enrich your lessons and extend knowledge beyond the curriculum with enhancement ideas- Improve key skills with opportunities to introduce mathematics and scientific literacy highlighted throughout- Support the use of technology with ideas for online tasks, video suggestions and guidance on using cutting-edge software- Place science in context; this book highlights where you can apply science theory to real-life scenarios, as well as how the content can be used to introduce different STEM careersAlso available: Teaching Secondary Chemistry, Teaching Secondary BiologyBy Tatiana Chaplina. 2023
This book includes new results of theoretical and experimental studies of various scales of the processes occurring on the earth…
including the lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. Intensive development of research in these areas is due to several factors: 1) the widespread introduction of computer technology, allowing the calculation of complex phenomena; 2) the invention and improvement of a new generation of geophysical instruments such as remote observation systems based on ships, aircraft, and satellites, providing a large amount of data to objectively reflect a broad picture of the processes; and 3) the development of measurement techniques, creating opportunities for controllable and reproducible laboratory data acquisition for generation of new ideas and concepts. Their recent developments have facilitated our research and understanding of these academic fields. The book enriches the understanding of the geophysical processes taking place in various environments (lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere), including the anthropogenic one, and it further contributes to their development. This book is a valuable resource for specialists working in the oil, gas, and engineering industry to improve their understandings of the field.By Ramadan M. Kuridan. 2023
This textbook provides a thorough explanation of the physical concepts and presents the general theory of different forms through approximations…
of the neutron transport processes in nuclear reactors and emphasize the numerical computing methods that lead to the prediction of neutron behavior. Detailed derivations and thorough discussions are the prominent features of this book unlike the brevity and conciseness which are the characteristic of most available textbooks on the subject where students find them difficult to follow. This conclusion has been reached from the experience gained through decades of teaching. The topics covered in this book are suitable for senior undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of nuclear engineering and physics. Other engineering and science students may find the construction and methodology of tackling problems as presented in this book appealing from which they can benefit in solving other problems numerically. The book provides access to a one dimensional, two energy group neutron diffusion program including a user manual, examples, and test problems for student practice. An option of a Matlab user interface is also available.By Pedro Bargueño, Ernesto Contreras. 2023
This book offers a primer on the fundamentals and applications of the Geroch-Held-Penrose (GHP) calculus, a powerful formalism designed for…
spacetimes that occur frequently in the teaching of General Relativity. Specifically, the book shows in detail the power of the calculus when dealing with spherically symmetric spacetimes. After introducing the basics, a new look at all the classical spherically symmetric black hole solutions is given within the GHP formalism. This is then employed to give new insights into the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations for stellar structure, including a derivation of new exact anisotropic fluid solutions. Finally, a re-writing of some essential features of black hole thermodynamics within the GHP formalism is performed. The book is based on the authors' lecture notes, used in their undergraduate and graduate lectures and while supervising their upper undergraduate and graduate students. To fully benefit from this concise primer, readers only need an undergraduate background in general relativity.By Stefania Loredana Nita, Marius Iulian Mihailescu. 2023
This book presents the current state of the literature on the fields of homomorphic and searchable encryption, from both theoretical…
and practical points of view. Homomorphic and searchable encryption are still relatively novel and rapidly evolving areas and face practical constraints in the contexts of large-scale cloud computing and big data.Both encryption methods can be quantum-resistant if they use the right mathematical techniques. In fact, many fully homomorphic encryption schemes already use quantum-resistant techniques, such as lattices or characteristics of polynomials – which is what motivated the authors to present them in detail.On the one hand, the book highlights the characteristics of each type of encryption, including methods, security elements, security requirements, and the main types of attacks that can occur. On the other, it includes practical cases and addresses aspects like performance, limitations, etc. As cloud computing and big data already represent the future in terms of storing, managing, analyzing, and processing data, these processes need to be made as secure as possible, and homomorphic and searchable encryption hold huge potential to secure both the data involved and the processes through which it passes.This book is intended for graduates, professionals and researchers alike. Homomorphic and searchable encryption involve advanced mathematical techniques; accordingly, readers should have a basic background in number theory, abstract algebra, lattice theory, and polynomial algebra.By Jan-Markus Schwindt. 2023
Die Elektrodynamik wird meistens in der historisch orientierten Reihenfolge behandelt, in der das elektrische und magnetische Feld zunächst als separate…
Objekte eingeführt und schließlich über die Maxwell-Gleichungen miteinander verknüpft werden. Die Lorentz-Symmetrie der Theorie und die Vereinigung der beiden Felder im Feldstärketensor werden üblicherweise erst am Ende gezeigt, obwohl sich die Gleichungen dadurch vereinfachen und sie erst so in allen Bezugssystemen gelten.Damit durchläuft der Studierende zwar die historische Entwicklung, muss aber dann zum Ende der Vorlesung alles rückblickend verstehen und neu einordnen. Dieses Buch geht den umgekehrten, deduktiven Weg, der die Elektrodynamik von vornherein auf das Fundament der Speziellen Relativitätstheorie stellt und von da aus – gegenüber dem üblichen Vorgehen sozusagen "rückwärts" – die bekannten Phänomene und Zusammenhänge ableitet. Dieses Vorgehen erlaubt eine wesentlich straffere und – was die Rolle des Elektromagnetismus im Gesamtzusammenhang der Theoretischen Physik angeht – klarere Behandlung.By J. G. Weisend II. 2023
Unless you are a specialist or watch a lot of obscure YouTube videos you have probably never heard of He…
II or superfluid helium. This substance, a unique liquid form of the element helium, is produced and used in multi-ton quantities to enable much of modern science. Altogether, He II is at the heart of more than a dozen large scale scientific facilities world-wide representing an investment of tens of billions of dollars. It cools the magnets and cavities that contain and accelerate the particle beams at the Large Hadron Collider and is also used in accelerators for the study of rare isotopes and nuclear astrophysics. This little known liquid is, in reality, one of the enabling technologies of the future. A manifestation of quantum mechanics, He II exhibits amazing behaviors. It can flow up the side of a container against gravity, it can move through small openings without friction, and it can transfer heat extremely efficiently via a mechanism not seen elsewhere in nature. This book tells the story of He II. It describes the discovery of the fluid, the observation and understanding of its behavior, the development of underlying theory and the evolution of He II from a laboratory curiosity to an industrial-scale coolant. The current and possible future applications of He II are described. Like all science and engineering, the story of He II is a human story and the role that personalities, politics, communication, cooperation and competition play in the development of He II is captured here as well. World-famous physicists such as Lev Landau, Richard Feynman, Peter Kapitza and Kurt Mendelssohn are key players in the story, while secret police from two different countries have a walk-on role. This work is meant for the general reader. Without assuming any expertise in physics, engineering or mathematics, it illuminates for the general public a little-known area of science and engineering and shows why it matters. As it turns out, it’s also a good story.By Daniel Krob, Xinguo Zhang, Lefei Li, Junchen Yao, Mengyu Guo. 2023
This book contains all refereed papers accepted during the 14th International Conference on Complex Systems Design & Management CSD&M 2023 that took place…
in Beijing, People’s Republic of China by the end October 2023. Mastering complex systems requires an integrated understanding of industrial practices as well as sophisticated theoretical techniques and tools. This explains the creation of an annual go-between European and Asian forum dedicated to academic researchers and industrial actors working on complex industrial systems architecting, modeling and engineering. These proceedings cover the most recent trends in the emerging field of complex systems, both from an academic and professional perspective. A special focus was put this year on “New Trends in Complex Systems Engineering.” The CSD&M series of conferences were initiated under the guidance of CESAM Community in Europe, managed by CESAMES. Its Asian version took place in Singapore for three consecutive sessions during 2014 and 2018. The fourth Asian edition was held in Beijing in hybrid with the Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics (CSAA) as the co-organizer in 2021. Since 2023, its European and Asian conferences merge into one, taking place in China and Europe in turn. CESAM Community aims in organizing the sharing of good practices in systems architecting and model-based systems engineering (MBSE) and certifying the level of knowledge and proficiency in this field through the CESAM certification. The CESAM systems architecting, and model-based systems engineering (MBSE) certification is especially currently the most disseminated professional certification in the world in this domain through more than 3,000 real complex system development projects on which it was operationally deployed and around 10,000 engineers who were trained on the CESAM framework at international level.By Mengtao Sun, Xijiao Mu. 2023
Nanophotonics and spectroscopy has advanced rapidly in recent years. Experimental research on nanophotonics is very active. In addition to experimental…
research on the principles and applications of nanophotonics, computational simulation research on its various physical mechanisms and phenomena is equally important. The simulation of the optical properties of molecules or crystals, such as electronic spectra (absorption and emission spectra, etc.) and vibrational spectroscopy has extraordinary guiding significance for experiments. The current computational simulation technology can also explain and analyze the physical mechanisms behind phenomena. However, among the many computational simulation software programs available, the operation methods and application scenarios are different. The barrier for new users to conduct research with computational simulation is high. Even for researchers with some experience, it is not easy to develop a comprehensive understanding of the various software programs, keywords, programming languages and auxiliary programs. This book serves as an introductory book for beginners to get started with the technology, and a handbook for experienced readers to quickly look up for commands and script usage. It is a handy reference for graduate students and researchers engaged in the study of photonics and optics.By David H. Allen. 2023
This updated and augmented second edition covers the history of mechanics in such a way as to explain how this…
all-important discipline shaped our world. Like the first edition, Dr. Allen presents the material in an engaging, accessible manner, with many historic insights and thorough explanations of attending concepts. The text retains its coverage of classical mechanics, essentially Newtonian mechanics, and adds chapters on three additional topics that go well beyond classical mechanics: relativity, quantum/nanomechanics, and biomechanics.By Natalya Vaysfeld, Zinaida Zhuravlova. 2023
The book covers a wide range of subjects and techniques related to mixed boundary problems of elasticity from basic concepts…
to special techniques that are unlikely to appear in traditional university graduate courses. This book may also be of interest to industrial researchers who encounter defects such as cracks and inclusions of different materials in mechanisms under different localization and type of loading. So the topics present the application of mathematical mechanics of solid bodies notably in elasticity, showing the interconnection of elasticity and temperature that would normally treated independently. Theoretical and experimental results are expected to be useful for researchers investigating a wide range of materials including metals, composites, ceramics, polymers, biomaterials and nanomaterials under different mechanical and temperature loading. The aim of the book is to introduce an interdisciplinary audience to a variety of stress state phenomena occurring in elasticity near defects and edges of the bodies. The book is aimed at researchers, primarily but not exclusively graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, specialists from Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Materials Science, and Engineering Mechanics and should naturally also be of interest to specialists of Physics and Applied Mathematics.