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In this text, Dr. Hammer presents an analytical model of the Soviet political system and its process of political decisionmaking,…
based on the theory of "bureaucratic pluralism." He interprets the Soviet regime as a product of three different influences: the Tsarist tradition of nondemocratic rule, the revolutionary movement that overthrew Tsarism, and the Stalinism of 1924-1953. Since the death of Stalin, the Soviet regime has slowly evolved from a personal dictatorship into an oligarchical system. According to the author, this transformation has permitted the great Soviet bureaucracies, such as the military high command and the economic managers, to increase their power and influence over policymaking and to pursue their own interests in addition to those of the regime. From this perspective, the role of party leaders in the Politburo appears to be that of political brokers among conflicting interests, allocating resources among the various bureaucracies. This second edition has been completely revised and updated to reflect the realities of the Soviet system through the 27th Party Congress, which met in February 1986. Dr. Hammer applies the model of bureaucratic pluralism in the areas of public policy and economic planning, illustrating the theme that the evolution of a powerful bureaucratic organization has prevented the achievement of the original Leninist vision. He discusses specific features of the Soviet society that deviate from original principles (often based on dissident sources from within the USSR) and examines the role of party leaders in this ideological transition. Finally, he analyzes the rise of Gorbachev to power and the first steps taken under his leadership, such as the anti-alcohol campaign and efforts at economic reform. Because Dr. Hammer's analysis is particularly valuable for understanding the Gorbachev regime and the future of the Soviet system, this text is essential reading for all students of Soviet politics.Holford: A Study in Architecture, Planning and Civic Design (Routledge Revivals)
By Gordon E. Cherry, Leith Penny. 1986
Originally published in 1986 Holford is not just a biography of a major architect, planner and civic designer. In describing…
the life and times of the man, the authors provide a fascinating analysis of the developments in British architecture and planning from the 1930s to the 1970s. The book explains the story of a wartime policies for post-war reconstruction and examines policies which have had a major influence on the shaping of modern towns and cities. Holford’s involvement in planning in the post-war period shows how gradually the concept of ‘civic design’ has been discarded to the detriment of the urban landscape. His position in the thick of development conflicts, such as that of Piccadilly, have much to tell us about the workings of developers and planning authorities, and the failings of the planning system in the pressures for growth in the 1960s. In this key period of British architectural and planning history, Holford was a leading actor, and describing his role the book provides a very readable account of a little explored area.An Introduction to Curriculum Studies (Routledge Library Editions: Curriculum #34)
By Philip H. Taylor, Colin M. Richards. 1985
Originally published in 1979 with a second edition in 1985. A basic text for students of education and teachers who…
are coming to terms for the first time with the nature of the curriculum. It introduces the reader to the professional field that is of concern to all engaged in the practical enterprise of education in a way which provides a ‘feel’ for the preoccupations of the area and a ‘sense’ of its complexities. With annotated further reading included, the book reflects developments in all the major areas in curriculum design and evaluation and in effecting curriculum change, plus research and theory.Group Analytic Psychotherapy: Method and Principles
By S. H. Foulkes. 1986
This book captures the flavor and spirit of the highly trained and experienced practitioner as he goes about the task…
of organizing and conducting a group. It also captures the warmth and humanity of a professional who is deeply devoted to his patients, his profession and humanity at large.Marital Therapy Strategies Based On Social Learning & Behavior Exchange Principles
By N. S. Jacobson, G. Margolin. 1986
The techniques described here are the familiar ones of establishing contracts and contigencies and training in communication and problem-solving skills.…
As the reader will see, these techniques are eminently teachable. The fact that they are described here and that they are teachable suggests that clinical technology has stepped forward a long way from the arcane mysteries which characterized psychotherapy efforts in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The aspect of this work which sets it clearly in the forefront is the emphasis upon soft clinical skills as being a necessary .Legionellosis: Volume II
By Katz. 1985
Legionellosis is a text in two volumes that presents the modern viewpoint of the agent and the disease. It also…
chronicles the history of the discovery of Legionella pneumophila. Volume 1 discusses current aspects of the microbe including taxonomy, morphology, biochemistry, and physiology. It also discusses the illness including clinical features, pathology, and therapy. Volume II details the laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology, and pathology. The contributors are amongst the most eminent scientists in their respective fields.First published in 1986. This study examines both labor’s and management’s political activities in the state of Massachusetts. The book,…
while historical in character, provides an interpretation of change, and identifies, describes and interprets temporal sequences. The primary aim of this study is to trace the evolution of public policy in the United States in the broad area of labor-management relations. The attempts of organized labor and management groups to influence public policy through the political process are examined, with a more detailed examination of labor and management political struggles in Massachusetts. This title will be of interest to students of political and labor history.In this second, revised and updated edition, Dr. Booth assesses the performance of the revolutionary government since 1979. The structure…
and operation of the regime is closely examined, as well as its policies and their implementation. The author details the difficulties the Sandinistas have encountered with the breakdown of their revolutionary coalition and the emergence of domestic and external opposition. He also discusses the difficulty of achieving economic recovery due to the effects of economic reorganization, private sector fears, and external economic sanctions. Finally, Dr. Booth focuses on the foreign policy of the Sandinistas, in particular their increasingly tense relationship with the United States.Land Rent, Housing and Urban Planning: A European Perspective (Routledge Library Editions: Urban Planning #3)
By M. Ball, V. Bentivegna, M. Edwards and M. Folin. 1985
Originally published in 1985, Land Rent, Housing and Urban Planning looks at the crucial social relationships associated with land ownership,…
and how these have played a crucial role in the economic development of many societies. The understanding of these relationships within modern capitalist societies has proved difficult. Land ownership relations emerge as requiring specific historical analysis for specific periods and societies and as being integral aspects of the capitalist mode of production as a whole – not merely mechanisms which redistribute some independently-determined surplus.First published in 1985. Liberalism was under increasing attack from both socialists and conservatives towards the end of the twentieth…
century. This book argues that, far from having little to contribute towards solving the problems of the modern world, liberalism is, in fact, of central importance. It discusses the arguments against liberalism put forward by four major political theorists, refuting the general thrust of their criticisms and taking issue with many points of detail used by them to support their arguments. It analyses the origins of liberalism, discusses its major achievements and explains why it continues to be a crucially important movement.DNA Systematics: Plants (Routledge Revivals #2)
By S. K. Dutta. 1986
First Published in 1986, these volumes offer a full, comprehensive guide to the structure of DNA systems and their biochemical…
application. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for Genealogy and other practitioners in their respective fields.First published in 1986. In this thought-provoking book the widely acclaimed thinker and activist, Marcus Raskin, moves beyond the limits…
and failures of socialism and capitalism to an original theory of social reconstruction for a humane society. Presenting concrete alternatives for education, health, economics and national security he develops a new conception of democracy and the rule of law in relation to our common good. A political and philosophic tool designed for those who search for alternatives in their lives and in the world, The Common Good shows how to organize for social reconstruction, the type of leadership now required, and the importance of restoring progress as a political purpose. Defining politics as broader than the mere manifestation of power, Raskin’s vision helps the left and liberals find their way towards a new public philosophy and program.First published in 1986, this book examines the changing patterns in English usage and style. It encourages a constructive attitude…
to language, demonstrating the creative resources of grammar, discussing in detail the options of written style, and challenging the authoritarian spirit that inhibits usage. The central chapters are concerned with written usage, and pay close attention to questions of syntax and punctuation. The sense of writing, however, is always related to speech, and the value of usage as a social act is emphasised in the exploration of style as an individual function. Technical terms are explained and the text is illustrated with examples from literature and journalism.The Ethics of Suicide
By Victor Cosculluela. 1985
Originally published in 1995, this volume addresses a topical subject: assisted suicide. The book discusses the issues surrounding the morality…
of suicide and in so doing clarifies the literature in applied ethics. It critiques the complex moral and religious arguments on the topic offered by philosophers and theologians. It establishes a middle position between those who hold that suicide is never morally permissible and those who claim it always is and it determines when second parties ought to aid and when they ought to prevent suicides.Advanced Chromatic Monitoring (Series in Sensors)
By Gordon R. Jones and Joseph W. Spencer. 2020
Advanced Chromatic Monitoring provides a major source of information about the novel approach of chromaticity with examples of how chromaticity…
may be deployed for various monitoring applications. It shows with examples what can be achieved with chromatic methods in producing relevant information with a variety of test techniques and in facilitating the interpretation of complex data about complicated situations. It will be of interest to postgraduates and researchers in a wide breadth of physical disciplines (engineering, medicine, environmental sciences) and those involved with data acquisition and analysis. Key Features: Applicable to a wide range of disciplines (engineering, medical, environmental, etc) and those interested in science, technology, data acquisition and analysis Provides an extrapolation of new knowledge well beyond that covered in existing literature with regard to dealing with complicated forms and sets of data Addresses inspiring and innovative areas of research including environmental, power delivery and medical monitoring About the Editors: Emeritus Professor Gordon R. Jones – founder and former Director of the Centre for Intelligent Monitoring Systems (CIMS), former Head of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, and former Director of Electric Arcs Research Group at the University of Liverpool. He was awarded the IEEE Education, Science and Technology Achievement Medal (1999). Professor Joe W. Spencer – the present Director of CIMS at the University of Liverpool, having been Head of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics at Liverpool. He is involved in operating a multi-million pound technology transfer unit (Sensor City, Liverpool) with whose establishment he played a major role and with which CIMS has major interactions.Recent Advances In Aquaculture: Volume 2
By James Muir, Ronald Roberts. 1986
It is a tribute to the vigour of research and development in aquaculture that we are able, in a relatively…
short time, to provide readers with a second volume in this series, which has such a diversity of high calibre research and developments to report. That the first volume was so well received has been a source of great satisfaction to the editors and supported their conviction as to the need for links to join the research laboratory to the fish farm by making current research available to a wider range of potential users.Staff Development in the Secondary School: Management Perspectives (Routledge Library Editions: Education Management)
By Chris Day and Roger Moore. 1986
Originally published in 1986. Those involved in management in schools are being urged to develop their management skills and many…
courses are developed for this purpose. At the same time many new issues have arisen which require attention from managers in schools. These include: staff appraisal, curriculum evaluation and action research. This book examines major topics of present concern in the management of secondary schools. It presents much new thinking on these major problems and reports on particular initiatives. The aim is to help improve practice, both by helping trainers focus their courses correctly and by encouraging those involved in school management to approach their work more purposefully. School management is treated from the perspective of the industrial trainer, the Local Education Authority, higher education and the school practitioner.Common-Sense Morality and Consequentialism
By Michael A. Slote. 1985
Originally published in 1985 and now re-issued with a new preface, this study assesses the two major moral theories of…
ethical consequentialism and common-sense morality by means of mutual comparison and an attempt to elicit the implications and tendencies of each theory individually. The author shows that criticisms and defences of common-sense morality and of consequentialism give inadequate characterizations of the dispute between them and thus at best provide incomplete rationales for either of these influential moral views. Both theories face inherent difficulties, some familiar but others mentioned for the first time in this work. The argument proceeds by reference to historical figures like Bentham, Ross and Sidgwick and to contemporary thinkers such as Williams, Nagel, Hare and Sen.The primary objective of this study, originally published in 1986, is to provide a detailed description of the cultural aspects…
of interpersonal relationships as they are found in the career development process and the cooperative process. The study also develops a theory of culture and applies it to these parts of a modern organisation. The focus will be on the ways in which managers protect and advance their careers and initiate and contribute to collective effort. This title will be of interest to students of Business Studies and Management.The Peace Movements in Europe and the United States (Routledge Library Editions: Peace Studies)
By Robert L. Pfaltzgraff, Werner Kaltefleiter. 1985
In the early 1980s the peace movements in most of the Western countries captured public attention as never before. This…
largely resulted from NATO’s decision in 1979 to deploy new medium range missiles in Europe in 1983 if negotiations with the Soviet Union to limit this type of weapon system failed. The main purpose of the peace movements in Europe was to put pressure on their respective governments to accept Soviet proposals in negotiations and not to deploy new missiles. Many large demonstrations and other ‘happenings’ were organised for this purpose. The Soviet and other Warsaw Pact countries accompanied and supported the activities of the peace movements by propaganda and disinformation campaigns. The national peace movements, despite their common aims, had different historic backgrounds and characteristics. This book, originally published in 1985, presents an authoritative review of the peace movements in Sweden, Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Great Britain, France, Italy, Germany and the United States. The authors discuss not only the history and organisation of each peace movement, but also their international cooperation, media coverage and prospects for the future.