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Imperial Unknowns
By Cornel Zwierlein. 2016
In this major new study, the history of the French and British trading empires in the early modern Mediterranean is…
used as a setting to test a new approach to the history of ignorance: how can we understand the very act of ignoring - in political, economic, religious, cultural and scientific communication - as a fundamental trigger that sets knowledge in motion? Zwierlein explores whether the Scientific Revolution between 1650 and 1750 can be understood as just one of what were in fact many simultaneous epistemic movements and considers the role of the European empires in this phenomenon. Deconstructing central categories like the mercantilist 'national', the exchange of 'confessions' between Western and Eastern Christians and the bridging of cultural gaps between European and Ottoman subjects, Zwierlein argues that understanding what was not known by historical agents can be just as important as the history of knowledge itself.How Could This Happen: Explaining the Holocaust
By Dan Mcmillan. 2014
The Holocaust is the defining event of the twentieth century - and perhaps all of modern history. Yet for too…
long, we have ignored the vital question of how and why such a monstrous event could have happened at all. Now, in How Could This Happen, historian Dan McMillan distills the existing Holocaust research into a cogent explanation of the genocide’s causes, revealing how a once progressive society like Germany could commit murder on such a massive scale. Countless barriers stand between stable societies and genocide, McMillan explains, but in Germany these buffers began to topple well before World War II. From Hitler’s meteoric rise to deep-rooted European anti-Semitism to the dehumanizing effects of World War I, McMillan uncovers the many factors that made the Holocaust possible. Persuasive and compelling, How Could This Happen illustrates how a perfect storm of bleak circumstances, malevolent ideas, and societal upheaval unleashed history’s most terrifying atrocity.Wartime Schooling and Education Policy in the Second World War
By Sarah Van Ruyskensvelde. 2016
This book deals with the development of private secondary schooling during the Second World War in Belgium. It focuses on…
how the German occupier used education to gain acceptance of the regime, and discusses the attitudes of Belgian education authorities, schools, teachers and pupils towards the German occupation. Suggesting that the occupation forced Belgian education authorities, such as the Roman Catholic Church, to take certain positions, the book explores the wartime experiences and memories of pupils and teachers. It explains that the German Culture Department was relatively weak in establishing total control over education and that Catholic schools were able to maintain their education project during the war. However, the book also reveals that, in some cases, the German occupation did not need total control over education in order to find support for some authoritarian ideas. As such, Van Ruyskenvelde's analysis presents a nuanced view of the image of the Catholic Church, schools, teachers and pupils as mere victims of war.Armies of Heaven: The First Crusade and the Quest for Apocalypse
By Jay Rubenstein. 2011
At Moson, the river Danube ran red with blood. At Antioch, the Crusaders- their saddles freshly decorated with sawed-off heads-indiscriminately…
clogged the streets with the bodies of eastern Christians and Turks. At Ma'arra, they cooked children on spits and ate them. By the time the Crusaders reached Jerusalem, their quest-and their violence- had become distinctly otherworldly: blood literally ran shin-deep through the streets as the Crusaders overran the sacred city. Beginning in 1095 and culminating four bloody years later, the First Crusade represented a new kind of warfare: holy, unrestrained, and apocalyptic. In Armies of Heaven, medieval historian Jay Rubenstein tells the story of this cataclysmic event through the eyes of those who witnessed it, emphasizing the fundamental role that apocalyptic thought played in motivating the Crusaders. A thrilling work of military and religious history, Armies of Heaven will revolutionize our understanding of the Crusades.The Red Prince: The Secret Lives of a Habsburg Archduke
By Timothy Snyder. 2008
Wilhelm Von Habsburg wore the uniform of the Austrian officer, the court regalia of a Habsburg archduke, the simple suit…
of a Parisian exile, the collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece, and, every so often, a dress. He could handle a saber, a pistol, a rudder, or a golf club; he handled women by necessity and men for pleasure. He spoke the Italian of his archduchess mother, the German of his archduke father, the English of his British royal friends, the Polish of the country his father wished to rule, and the Ukrainian of the land Wilhelm wished to rule himself. In this exhilarating narrative history, prize-winning historian Timothy D. Snyder offers an indelible portrait of an aristocrat whose life personifies the wrenching upheavals of the first half of the twentieth century, as the rule of empire gave way to the new politics of nationalism. Coming of age during the First World War, Wilhelm repudiated his family to fight alongside Ukrainian peasants in hopes that he would become their king. When this dream collapsed he became, by turns, an ally of German imperialists, a notorious French lover, an angry Austrian monarchist, a calm opponent of Hitler, and a British spy against Stalin. Played out in Europe’s glittering capitals and bloody battlefields, in extravagant ski resorts and dank prison cells, The Red Prince captures an extraordinary moment in the history of Europe, in which the old order of the past was giving way to an undefined future-and in which everything, including identity itself, seemed up for grabs.The Glorious First of June
By Sam Willis. 2011
France, early summer 1794. The French Revolution has been hijacked by the extreme Jacobins and is in the grip of…
The Terror. While the guillotine relentlessly takes the heads of innocents, two vast French and British fleets meet in mid-Atlantic after a week of skirmishing.b bThe French, in ships painted blood-red and bearing banners proclaiming 'la République ou la mort!' are escorting an American grain convoy to Brest to feed a starving population. Their ships are manned by a mutinous revolutionary mob that will fiercely defend their nascent Republic. The British, under the command of Lord Howe, a radical innovator and tactical genius, are bent on destroying it.b bBoth sides would claim victory in the ensuing battle; and both had reason to do so. For the French, it represented a strategic success since the convoy and its precious cargo made it safely through. But this outcome came at a heavy material cost. In purely numerical terms 'the Glorious First of June' was the greatest British naval victory over her oldest enemy for more than a century: six French ships were captured and another sunk; 4,200 French sailors were killed and 3,300 wounded - ten per cent of their entire maritime workforce. These were physical blows from which the French navy would never truly recover, the battle an important precursor of the decisive British victories that would soon follow.In The Glorious First of June Sam Willis not only tells, with thrilling immediacy and masterly clarity, the gripping story of an epic and complex battle, he places it within the context of The Terror, the survival of the French Revolution and the growth of British sea-power.The Glorious First of June is the last in 'The Hearts of Oak trilogy' and, like The Fighting Temeraire and The Admiral Benbow, is another thrilling account of the Age of Sail by one of our most exciting young historians.The Atlantic and Its Enemies: A History of the Cold War
By Norman Stone. 2010
After World War II, the former allies were saddled with a devastated world economy and traumatized populace. Soviet influence spread…
insidiously from nation to nation, and the Atlantic powers--the Americans, the British, and a small band of allies--were caught flat-footed by the coups, collapsing armies, and civil wars that sprung from all sides. The Cold War had begun in earnest. In The Atlantic and Its Enemies, prize-winning historian Norman Stone assesses the years between World War II and the collapse of the Iron Curtain. He vividly demonstrates that for every Atlantic success there seemed to be a dozen Communist or Third World triumphs. Then, suddenly and against all odds, the Atlantic won--economically, ideologically, and militarily--with astonishing speed and finality. An elegant and path-breaking history, The Atlantic and Its Enemies is a monument to the immense suffering and conflict of the twentieth century, and an illuminating exploration of how the Atlantic triumphed over its enemies at last.Franco-America in the Making: The Creole Nation Within (France Overseas: Studies in Empire and Decolonization)
By Jonathan K. Gosnell. 2018
Every June the city of Lowell Massachusetts celebrates Franco-American Day raising the Franco-American flag and hosting events…
designed to commemorate French culture in the Americas Though there are twenty million French speakers and people of French or francophone descent in North America making them the fifth-largest ethnic group in the United States their cultural legacy has remained nearly invisible Events like Franco-American Day however attest to French ethnic permanence on the American topography In Franco-America in the Making Jonathan K Gosnell examines the manifestation and persistence of hybrid Franco-American literary musical culinary and media cultures in North America especially New England and southern Louisiana To shed light on the French cultural legacy in North America long after the formal end of the French empire in the mid-eighteenth century Gosnell seeks out hidden French or Franco identities and sites of memory in the United States and Canada that quietly proclaim an intercontinental French presence examining institutions of higher learning literature folklore newspapers women s organizations and churches This study situates Franco-American cultures within the new and evolving field of postcolonial Francophone studies by exploring the story of the peoples and ideas contributing to the evolution and articulation of a Franco-American cultural identity in the New World Gosnell asks what it means to be French not simply in America but of AmericaMussolini's Children: Race and Elementary Education in Fascist Italy
By Eden K. McLean. 2018
Mussolini s Children uses the lens of state-mandated youth culture to analyze the evolution of official racism in…
Fascist Italy Between 1922 and 1940 educational institutions designed to mold the minds and bodies of Italy s children between the ages of five and eleven undertook a mission to rejuvenate the Italian race and create a second Roman Empire This project depended on the twin beliefs that the Italian population did indeed constitute a distinct race and that certain aspects of its moral and physical makeup could be influenced during childhood Eden K McLean assembles evidence from state policies elementary textbooks pedagogical journals and other educational materials to illustrate the contours of a Fascist racial ideology as it evolved over eighteen years Her work explains how the most infamous period of Fascist racism which began in the summer of 1938 with the publication of the Manifesto of Race played a critical part in a more general and long-term Fascist racial programLetters to Poseidon
By Cees Nooteboom. 2012
It is said that during his abortive campaign to invade Britannia, the infamous Roman emperor Caligula ordered his legions into…
the surf to attack Poseidon and claim seashells as trophies of war. Cees Nooteboom is considerably more thoughtful in his relationship with the god of the sea. As autumn falls each year, Nooteboom writes Poseidon a letter requesting permission to return to his home in Minorca the following spring.Of course, it would be the height of discourtesy if Nooteboom's letters were no more than a series of demands. So Cees takes the opportunity to seek the wisdom of the trident-wielding deity, and to offer the god updates about his own life and thoughts.At once playful and poignant, beautiful and at times slightly bizarre, this masterful exploration of humankind's relationship with the sea uses the minutiae of everyday life to illuminate the broadest questions of human existence, all couched in the lapidary prose of one of Europe's outstanding stylists.European Anthropologies
By Andrés Barrera-González, Monica Heintz, Anna Horolets. 2007
In what ways did Europeans interact with the diversity of people they encountered on other continents in the context of…
colonial expansion, and with the peasant or ethnic 'Other' at home? How did anthropologists and ethnologists make sense of the mosaic of people and societies during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when their disciplines were progressively being established in academia? By assessing the diversity of European intellectual histories within sociocultural anthropology, this volume aims to sketch its intellectual and institutional portrait. It will be a useful reading for the students of anthropology, ethnology, history and philosophy of science, research and science policy makers.Hitler
By Robin Cross. 2014
As Chancellor of Germany between 1933 and 1945, Adolf Hitler exercised unrestricted power over his country's social, political, and economic…
life. From Hitler's belligerent re-armament programme to his imposition of anti-Semitic legislation and territorially aggressive policies, respected historian Robin Cross maps out the life of one of the most evil men ever to have lived. This succinct and powerful account, illustrated with rare and chillingly evocative photographs, is the essential companion for anyone with a fascination for the twentieth century, the Second World War or the age of dictators.Every Earthly Blessing: Rediscovering the Celtic Tradition
By Esther De Waal. 2010
Uncover the history and meaning of Celtic traditions, poetry, songs, and spirituality, in a captivating and comprehensive journey through Ireland.…
The beauty of the Emerald Isle has always enchanted the world: the ancient ruins, the rolling green hills, the intricately carved crosses in historic graveyards. But the lure of Celtic tradition is more than just the trappings that draw tourists each year—its riches go far deeper and to far more intriguing roots. In Every Earthly Blessing, Esther de Waal takes an intimate and carefully researched look at early Celtic practices and spirituality and their connections to modern Christianity. Her exploration guides readers through every element of Celtic heritage: from songs and poetry, to viewpoints on solitude and pilgrimage, to perspectives on sorrow and healing. Avoiding sentimentalism and romanticism, de Waal casts a keen eye on a culture that has defined the lives and beliefs of so many throughout history—and continues to influence us today. Whether enjoyed in solitude or discussed with friends and family, this is a fascinating and enlightening read guaranteed to spark introspection and conversation.Roads to Berlin
By Laura Watkinson, Cees Nooteboom. 2012
Roads to Berlin maps the changing landscape of post-World-War-II Germany, from the period before the fall of the Berlin Wall…
to the present. Written and updated over the course of several decades, an eyewitness account of the pivotal events of 1989 gives way to a perceptive appreciation of its difficult passage to reunification.Nooteboom's writings on politics, people, architecture, and culture are as digressive as they are eloquent; his innate curiosity takes him through the landscapes of Heine and Goethe, steeped in Romanticism and mythology, and to Germany's baroque cities. With an outsider's objectivity he has crafted an intimate portrait of the country to its present day.From the Hardcover edition.Erich Auerbach and the Crisis of German Philology
By Avihu Zakai. 2017
This book analyzes and contextualizes Auerbach's life and mind in the wide ideological, philological, and historical context of his time,…
especially the rise of Aryan philology and its eventual triumph with the Nazi Revolution or the Hitler Revolution in Germany of 1933. It deals specifically with his struggle against the premises of Aryan philology, based on völkisch mysticism and Nazi historiography, which eliminated the Old Testament from German Kultur and Volksgeist in particular, and Western culture and civilization in general. It examines in detail his apologia for, or defense and justification of, Western Judaeo-Christian humanist tradition at its gravest existential moment. It discusses Auerbach's ultimate goal, which was to counter the overt racist tendencies and völkish ideology in Germany, or the belief in the Community of Blood and Fate of the German people, which sharply distinguished between Kultur and civilization and glorified völkisch nationalism over European civilization. The volume includes an analysis of the entire twenty chapters of Auerbach's most celebrated book: Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature, 1946.Ex-Combatants, Gender and Peace in Northern Ireland
By Azrini Wahidin. 2016
This book explores the contours of women's involvement in the Irish Republican Army, political protest and the prison experience in…
Northern Ireland. Through the voices of female and male combatants, it demonstrates that women remained marginal in the examination of imprisonment during the Conflict and in the negotiated peace process. However, the book shows that women performed a number of roles in war and peace that placed constructions of femininity in dissent. Azrini Wahidin argues that the role of the female combatant is not given but ambiguous. She indicates that a tension exists between different conceptualisations of societal security, where female combatants both fought against societal insecurity posed by the state and contributed to internal societal dissonance within their ethno-national groups. This book tackles the lacunae that has created a disturbing silence and an absence of a comprehensive understanding of women combatants, which includes knowledge of their motivations, roles and experiences. It will be of particular interest to scholars of criminology, politics and peace studies.Mediterranean Modernism
By Adam J. Goldwyn, Renée M. Silverman. 2016
This book explores howModernist movements all across the Mediterranean basin differed from thoseof other regions. The chapters show how the…
political and economicturmoil of a period marked by world war, revolution, decolonization,nationalism, and the rapid advance of new technologies compelled artists,writers, and other intellectuals to create a new hybrid Mediterranean Modernistaesthetic which sought to balance the tensions between local and foreign,tradition and innovation, and colonial and postcolonial.EU Borders and Shifting Internal Security
By Raphael Bossong, Helena Carrapico. 2016
This edited volume analyzes recent key developments in EU border management. In light of the refugee crises in the Mediterranean…
and the responses on the part of EU member states, this volume presents an in-depth reflection on European border practices and their political, social and economic consequences. Approaching borders as concepts in flux, the authors identify three main trends: the rise of security technologies such as the EUROSUR system, the continued externalization of EU security governance such as border mission training in third states, and the unfolding dynamics of accountability. The contributions show that internal security cooperation in Europe is far from consolidated, since both political oversight mechanisms and the definition of borders remain in flux. This edited volume makes a timely and interdisciplinary contribution to the ongoing academic and political debate on the future of open borders and legitimate security governance in Europe. It offers a valuable resource for scholars in the fields of international security and migration studies, as well as for practitioners dealing with border management mechanisms.History of Social Law in Germany
By Michael Stolleis. 2014
The sole available comprehensive history of social law and the model of social welfare in Germany. The book explains the…
origins since the medieval times, but concentrates on the 19th and 20th centuries, especially on the introduction of the social insurance 1881-1889, of the expansion of the system in the Weimar Republic, under the Nazi-System and after World War II in the FRG and the GDR. The system of social welfare in Germany is one of the pillars of economic stability.The Philosophy of Mathematics and Logic in the 1920s and 1930s in Poland
By Roman Murawski. 2014
The aim of this book is to present and analyze philosophical conceptions concerning mathematics and logic as formulated by Polish…
logicians, mathematicians and philosophers in the 1920s and 1930s. It was a remarkable period in the history of Polish science, in particular in the history of Polish logic and mathematics. Therefore, it is justified to ask whether and to what extent the development of logic and mathematics was accompanied by a philosophical reflection. We try to answer those questions by analyzing both works of Polish logicians and mathematicians who have a philosophical temperament as well as their research practice. Works and philosophical views of the following Polish scientists will be analyzed: WacÅ,aw SierpiÅ,,ski, Zygmunt Janiszewski, Stefan Mazurkiewicz, Stefan Banach Hugo Steinhaus, Eustachy Å»yliÅ,,sk and Leon Chwistek, Jan Åukasiewicz, Zygmunt Zawirski, StanisÅ,aw LeÅ>niewski, Tadeusz KotarbiÅ,,ski, Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, Alfred Tarski, Andrzej Mostowski and Henryk Mehlberg, Jan SleszyÅ,,ski, StanisÅ,aw Zaremba and Witold Wilkosz. To indicate the background of scientists being active in the 1920s and 1930s we consider in Chapter 1 some predecessors, in particular: Jan Åsniadecki, Józef Maria Hoene-WroÅ,,ski, Samuel Dickstein and Edward Stamm.