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Security, Loyalty, and Science (Cornell Studies in Civil Liberties)
By Walter Gellhorn. 1950
Both sides of a sensitive problem are assessed by Professor Gellhorn in this penetrating analysis of national security and its…
effect upon scientific progress.The costs and advantages of secrecy in certain areas of science and the conflict between national safety and individual rights in the administration of our federal loyalty program are presented; all the arguments are objectively weighed. The book answers such questions as: Can young scientists be well trained when publication and teaching are not free? Have we gone far enough-or too far-in avoiding "security risks" in important scientific establishments? How does the federal drive against "potentially disloyal" persons actually work? Do "fear of the smear" and crude methods discourage public service by American scientists?This study, a unit of an investigation of control of subversive activities supported by grants from the Rockefeller Foundation, is based upon two years of research and numerous field interviews of scientists, administrators, defense officials, and educators. Security, Loyalty, and Science is a volume in the series Cornell Studies in Civil Liberty, of which Robert E. Cushman is advisory editor.Air Pollutant Deposition and Its Effects on Natural Resources in New York State
By Timothy J. Sullivan. 2015
Ecosystem effects from air pollution in the Adirondacks, Catskills, and elsewhere in New York have been substantial. Efforts to characterize…
and quantify these impacts, and to examine more recent recovery, have focused largely on surface waters, soils, and forests. Lakes, streams, and soils have acidified. Estuaries have become more eutrophic. Nutrient cycles have been disrupted. Mercury has bioaccumulated to toxic levels. Plant species composition has changed. Some surface waters show signs of partial chemical recovery in response to emissions control programs, but available data suggest that soil chemistry may continue to deteriorate under expected future emissions and deposition. Resource managers, policymakers, and scientists now need to know the extent to which current and projected future emissions reductions will lead to ecosystem recovery.In this book, Timothy J. Sullivan provides a comprehensive synthesis of past, current, and potential future conditions regarding atmospheric sulfur, nitrogen oxides, ammonium, and mercury deposition; surface water chemistry; soil chemistry; forests; and aquatic biota in New York, providing much needed information to help set emissions reduction goals, evaluate incremental improvements, conduct cost/benefit analyses, and prioritize research needs. He draws upon a wealth of research conducted over the past thirty years that has categorized, quantified, and advanced understanding of ecosystem processes related to atmospheric deposition of strong acids, nutrients, and mercury and associated ecosystem effects. An important component of this volume is the new interest in the management and mitigation of ecosystem damage from air pollution stress, which builds on the "critical loads" approach pioneered in Europe and now gaining interest in the United States. This book will inform scientists, resource managers, and policy analysts regarding the state of scientific knowledge on these complex topics and their policy relevance and will help to guide public policy assessment work in New York, the Northeast, and nationally.Victorian Skin: Surface, Self, History
By Pamela K. Gilbert. 2019
In Victorian Skin, Pamela K. Gilbert uses literary, philosophical, medical, and scientific discourses about skin to trace the development of…
a broader discussion of what it meant to be human in the nineteenth century. Where is subjectivity located? How do we communicate with and understand each other's feelings? How does our surface, which contains us and presents us to others, function and what does it signify? As Gilbert shows, for Victorians, the skin was a text to be read. Nineteenth-century scientific and philosophical perspectives had reconfigured the purpose and meaning of this organ as more than a wrapping and instead a membrane integral to the generation of the self. Victorian writers embraced this complex perspective on skin even as sanitary writings focused on the surface of the body as a dangerous point of contact between self and others. Drawing on novels and stories by Dickens, Collins, Hardy, and Wilde, among others, along with their French contemporaries and precursors among the eighteenth-century Scottish thinkers and German idealists, Gilbert examines the understandings and representations of skin in four categories: as a surface for the sensing and expressive self; as a permeable boundary; as an alienable substance; and as the site of inherent and inscribed properties. At the same time, Gilbert connects the ways in which Victorians "read" skin to the way in which Victorian readers (and subsequent literary critics) read works of literature and historical events (especially the French Revolution.) From blushing and flaying to scarring and tattooing, Victorian Skin tracks the fraught relationship between ourselves and our skin.Radiation and Health
By Thormod Henriksen, David H. Maillie. 2003
Radiation and the effects of radioactivity have been known for more than 100 years. International research spanning this period has…
yielded a great deal of information about radiation and its biological effects and this activity has resulted in the discovery of many applications in medicine and industry including cancer therapy, medical diagnosticsUrban Ornithology: 150 Years of Birds in New York City
By P. A. Buckley, Walter Sedwitz, William J. Norse, John Kieran. 2018
Urban Ornithology is the first quantitative historical analysis of any New York City natural area’s birdlife and spans the century…
and a half from 1872 to 2016. Only Manhattan’s Central and Brooklyn’s Prospect Parks have preliminary species lists, not revised since 1967, and the last book examining the birdlife of the entire New York City area is now more than fifty years old.This book updates the avifaunas of those two parks, the Bronx, and other New York City boroughs. It treats the 301 bird species known to have occurred within its study area—Van Cortlandt Park and the adjacent Northwest Bronx—plus 70 potential additions. Its 123 breeding species are tracked from 1872 and supplemented by quantitative breeding bird censuses from 1937 to 2015. Gains and losses of breeding species are discussed in light of an expanding New York City inexorably extinguishing unique habitats.The Nuclear Spies: America's Atomic Intelligence Operation against Hitler and Stalin
By Vince Houghton. 2019
Why did the US intelligence services fail so spectacularly to know about the Soviet Union's nuclear capabilities following World War…
II? As Vince Houghton, historian and curator of the International Spy Museum in Washington, DC, shows us, that disastrous failure came just a few years after the Manhattan Project's intelligence team had penetrated the Third Reich and knew every detail of the Nazi 's plan for an atomic bomb. What changed and what went wrong?Houghton's delightful retelling of this fascinating case of American spy ineffectiveness in the then new field of scientific intelligence provides us with a new look at the early years of the Cold War. During that time, scientific intelligence quickly grew to become a significant portion of the CIA budget as it struggled to contend with the incredible advance in weapons and other scientific discoveries immediately after World War II. As Houghton shows, the abilities of the Soviet Union's scientists, its research facilities and laboratories, and its educational system became a key consideration for the CIA in assessing the threat level of its most potent foe. Sadly, for the CIA scientific intelligence was extremely difficult to do well. For when the Soviet Union detonated its first atomic bomb in 1949, no one in the American intelligence services saw it coming.City governments are rapidly becoming society's problem solvers. As Sara Hughes shows, nowhere is this more evident than in New…
York City, Los Angeles, and Toronto, where the cities' governments are taking on the challenge of addressing climate change.Repowering Cities focuses on the specific issue of reducing urban greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and develops a new framework for distinguishing analytically and empirically the policy agendas city governments develop for reducing GHG emissions, the governing strategies they use to implement these agendas, and the direct and catalytic means by which they contribute to climate change mitigation. Hughes uses her framework to assess the successes and failures experienced in New York City, Los Angeles, and Toronto as those agenda-setting cities have addressed climate change. She then identifies strategies for moving from incremental to transformative change by pinpointing governing strategies able to mobilize the needed resources and actors, build participatory institutions, create capacity for climate-smart governance, and broaden coalitions for urban climate change policy.Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Terrorism: Emergency Response and Public Protection
By Mark E. Byrnes, David A. King, Philip M. Tierno. 2003
This book provides guidance on measures that should be considered to protect human lives from terrorist activities involving nuclear, chemical,…
and biological weapons. It provides a historical summary of the development and use of these weapons, and continues with a detailed discussion of the types of radiation and warfare agents that are availableThe Subtle Beast: Snakes, From Myth to Medicine
By Andre Menez. 2003
The Subtle Beast: Snakes, from Myth to Medicine introduces you to the complex and absorbing world of these mysterious creatures.…
Each of the fourteen chapters in this volume can be read independently, but read together they trace a fascinating journey from the macroscopic features of snakes to the molecular description of their venom components.A Moral Technology: Electrification as Political Ritual in New Delhi
By Leo Coleman. 2017
In India over the past century, electrification has meant many things: it has been a colonial gift of modern technology,…
a tool of national integration and political communication, and a means of gauging the country's participation in globalization. Electric lights have marked out places of power, and massive infrastructures have been installed in hopes of realizing political promises. In A Moral Technology, the grids and wires of an urban public utility are revealed to be not only material goods but also objects of intense moral concern. Leo Coleman offers a distinctive anthropological approach to electrification in New Delhi as more than just an economic or industrial process, or a "gridding" of social and political relations. It may be understood instead as a ritual action that has formed modern urban communities and people’s sense of citizenship, and structured debates over state power and political legitimacy.Coleman explores three historical and ethnographic case studies from the founding of New Delhi as an imperial capital city, to its reshaping as a national capital for post-independence India, up to its recent emergence as a contemporary global city. These case studies closely describe technological politics, rituals, and legal reforms at key moments of political change in India, and together they support Coleman’s argument that ritual performances, moral judgments, and technological installations combine to shape modern state power, civic life, and political community.Design Automation, Languages, and Simulations
By Wai-Kai Chen. 2003
As the complexity of electronic systems continues to increase, the micro-electronic industry depends upon automation and simulations to adapt quickly…
to market changes and new technologies. Compiled from chapters contributed to CRC's best-selling VLSI Handbook, this volume of the Principles and Applications in Engineering series covers a broad rangWild Urban Plants of the Northeast: A Field Guide
By Peter Del Tredici. 2006
In this field guide to the future, esteemed Harvard University botanist Peter Del Tredici unveils the plants that will become…
even more dominant in urban environments under projected future environmental conditions. These plants are the most important and most common plants in cities. Learning what they are and the role they play, he writes, will help us all make cities more livable and enjoyable. With more than 1000 photos, readers can easily identify these powerful plants. Learn about the fascinating cultural history of each plant.Toxicology of Marine Mammals
By Michel Fournier, Joseph G. Vos, Gregory D. Bossart, Thomas J. O’Shea. 2003
The activities of modern society have unleashed a range of toxic chemicals into the global environment. Many of these toxicants…
are now being detected in increasing quantities in the tissues of marine mammals, most notably in top predators who acquire relatively large amounts of toxic chemicals by ingesting contaminated prey.Toxicology of MDismantlings: Words against Machines in the American Long Seventies
By Matt Tierney. 2019
"For the master's tools," the poet Audre Lorde wrote, "will never dismantle the master's house." Dismantlings is a study of…
literary, political, and philosophical critiques of the utopian claims about technology in the Long Seventies, the decade and a half before 1980. Following Alice Hilton's 1963 admonition that the coming years would bring humanity to a crossroads—"machines for HUMAN BEINGS or human beings for THE MACHINE"—Matt Tierney explores wide-ranging ideas from science fiction, avant-garde literatures, feminist and anti-racist activism, and indigenous eco-philosophy that may yet challenge machines of war, control, and oppression.Dismantlings opposes the language of technological idealism with radical thought of the Long Seventies, from Lorde and Hilton to Samuel R. Delany and Ursula K. Le Guin to Huey P. Newton, John Mohawk, and many others. This counter-lexicon retrieves seven terms for the contemporary critique of technology: Luddism, a verbal and material combat against exploitative machines; communion, a kind of togetherness that stands apart from communication networks; cyberculture, a historical conjunction of automation with racist and militarist machines; distortion, a transformative mode of reading and writing; revolutionary suicide, a willful submission to the risk of political engagement; liberation technology, a synthesis of appropriate technology and liberation theology; and thanatopography, a mapping of planetary technological ethics after Auschwitz and Hiroshima. Dismantlings restores revolutionary language of the radical Long Seventies for reuse in the digital present against emergent technologies of exploitation, subjugation, and death.Human-Centered Computing: Cognitive, Social, and Ergonomic Aspects, Volume 3
By Michael Smith, Constantine Stephanidis, Don Harris, Vincent Duffy. 2003
The 10th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCI International 2003, is held in Crete, Greece, 22-27 June 2003, jointly with…
the Symposium on Human Interface (Japan) 2003, the 5th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, and the 2nd International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. A total of 2986 individuals from industry, academia, research institutes, and governmental agencies from 59 countries submitted their work for presentation, and only those submittals that were judged to be of high scientific quality were included in the program. These papers address the latest research and development efforts and highlight the human aspects of design and use of computing systems. The papers accepted for presentation thoroughly cover the entire field of humancomputer interaction, including the cognitive, social, ergonomic, and health aspects of work with computers. These papers also address major advances in knowledge and effective use of computers in a variety of diversified application areas, including offices, financial institutions, manufacturing, electronic publishing, construction, health care, disabled and elderly people, etc.Oceanography and Marine Biology, An Annual Review, Volume 41: An Annual Review: Volume 41 (Oceanography And Marine Biology - An Annual Review Ser. #Vol. 41)
By R. N. Gibson, R. J. A. Atkinson. 2003
Interest in oceanography and marine biology and its relevance to global environmental issues continues to increase, creating a demand for…
authoritative reviews that summarize recent research. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review has catered to this demand since its foundation, by the late Harold Barnes, more than 40 years ago. It is anThis reference illustrates the efficacy of CyclePad software for enhanced simulation of thermodynamic devices and cycles. It improves thermodynamic studies…
by reducing calculation time, ensuring design accuracy, and allowing for case-specific analyses. Offering a wide-range of pedagogical aids, chapter summaries, review problems, and worked exampleHIV and AIDS
By K. E. Nye, J. M. Parkin. 2003
A comprehensive account of HIV and AIDS, the management of the disease and potential vaccines. This book is essential reading…
for medical students and clinicians, and of major interest to students and researchers in the life sciences.The author explores the origins of the eighteenth-century chemical revolution as it centers on Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier's earliest work on combustion.…
He shows that the main lines of Lavoisier's theory—including his theory of a heat-fluid, caloric—were elaborated well before his discovery of the role played by oxygen. Contrary to the opinion prevailing at that time, Lavoisier suspected, and demonstrated by experiment, that common air, or some portion of it, combines with substances when they are burned.Professor Guerlac examines critically the theories of other historians of science concerning these first experiments, and tries to unravel the influences which French, German, and British chemists may have had on Lavoisier. He has made use of newly discovered material on this phase of Lavoisier's career, and includes an appendix in which the essential documents are printed together for the first time.Title first published in 2003. This book focuses on whether participatory governance can lead to sustainable and innovative outcomes. Using…
an empirical analysis of the development, implementation and review of an EU environmental management system - the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS), it examines under which circumstances participatory governance might encourage sustainability and innovation.