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Accurate Structure Determination of Free Molecules (Lecture Notes in Chemistry #105)
By Natalja Vogt, Jean Demaison. 2020
This book presents a detailed look at experimental and computational techniques for accurate structure determination of free molecules. The most…
fundamental property of a molecule is its structure – it is a prerequisite for determining and understanding most other important properties of molecules. The determination of accurate structures is hampered by a myriad of factors, subjecting the collected data to non-negligible systematic errors. This book explains the origin of these errors and how to mitigate and even avoid them altogether. It features a detailed comparison of the different experimental and computation methods, explaining their interplay and the advantages of their combined use. Armed with this information, the reader will be able to choose the appropriate methods to determine – to a great degree of accuracy – the relevant molecular structure.This book is a historical analysis of the quantum mechanical revolution and the emergence of a new discipline from the…
perspective, not of a professor, but of a recent or actual Ph.D. student just embarking on an uncertain academic career in economically hard times. Quantum mechanics exploded on to the intellectual scene between 1925 and 1927, with more than 200 publications across the world, the majority of them authored by young scientists under the age of 30, graduate students or postdoctoral fellows. The resulting theory was a collective product that no single authority could claim, but it had a major geographical nod – the Copenhagen Institute of Theoretical Physics – where most of the informal, pre-published exchange of ideas occurred and where every participant of the new community aspired to visit. A rare combination of circumstances and resources – political, diplomatic, financial, and intellectual – allowed Niels Bohr to establish this “Mecca” of quantum theory outside of traditional and more powerful centres of science. Transitory international postdoctoral fellows, rather than established professors, developed a culture of research that became the source of major innovations in the field. Temporary assistantships, postdoctoral positions, and their equivalents were the chief mode of existence for young academics during the period of economic crisis and post-WWI international tensions. Insecure career trajectories and unpredictable moves through non-stable temporary positions contributed to their general outlook and interpretations of the emerging theory of quantum mechanics. This book is part of a four-volume collection addressing the beginnings of quantum physics research at the major European centres of Göttingen, Copenhagen, Berlin, and Munich; these works emerged from an expansive study on the quantum revolution as a major transformation of physical knowledge undertaken by the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science and the Fritz Haber Institute (2006–2012).Quantum Algorithms via Linear Algebra: A Primer
By Richard J. Lipton, Kenneth W. Regan. 2014
Quantum computing explained in terms of elementary linear algebra, emphasizing computation and algorithms and requiring no background in physics.This introduction…
to quantum algorithms is concise but comprehensive, covering many key algorithms. It is mathematically rigorous but requires minimal background and assumes no knowledge of quantum theory or quantum mechanics. The book explains quantum computation in terms of elementary linear algebra; it assumes the reader will have some familiarity with vectors, matrices, and their basic properties, but offers a review of all the relevant material from linear algebra. By emphasizing computation and algorithms rather than physics, this primer makes quantum algorithms accessible to students and researchers in computer science without the complications of quantum mechanical notation, physical concepts, and philosophical issues.After explaining the development of quantum operations and computations based on linear algebra, the book presents the major quantum algorithms, from seminal algorithms by Deutsch, Jozsa, and Simon through Shor's and Grover's algorithms to recent quantum walks. It covers quantum gates, computational complexity, and some graph theory. Mathematical proofs are generally short and straightforward; quantum circuits and gates are used to illuminate linear algebra; and the discussion of complexity is anchored in computational problems rather than machine models. Quantum Algorithms via Linear Algebra is suitable for classroom use or as a reference for computer scientists and mathematicians.The Origins of Life and the Universe
By Paul F. Lurquin. 2003
The Origins of Life and the Universe is the culmination of a university science professor's search for understanding and is…
based on his experiences teaching the fundamental issues of physics, chemistry, and biology in the classroom. What is life? Where did it come from? How can understanding the origins of life on Earth help us understand the origins of the universe, and vice versa? These are questions that have occupied us all. This is a book, then, about the beginning of things—of the universe, matter, stars, and planetary systems, and finally, of life itself—topics of profound interest that are rarely considered together. After surveying prescientific accounts of the origins of life, the book examines the concepts of modern physics and cosmology, in particular the two pillars of modern physics, relativity and quantum theory, and how they can be applied to the Big Bang model of the creation of the universe. The author then considers molecular genetics and DNA, the famed building block of life. In addition to assessing various hypotheses concerning the appearance of the first bacterial cells and their evolution into more complex eukaryotic cells, this section explains how "protocells" may have started a kind of integrated metabolism and how horizontal gene transfer may have speeded up evolution. Finally, the book discusses the possibility that life did not originate on planet Earth but first appeared on other solar planets, or perhaps in other star systems. How would such a possibility affect our understanding of the meaning of life, or of its ultimate fate in the universe? The book ends as it begins, with profound questions and penetrating answers, a state-of-the-art guide to unlocking the scientific mysteries of life and matter.The topic of this book is the relationship between mind and the physical world. From once being an esoteric question…
of philosophy, this subject has become a central topic in the foundations of quantum physics. The book traces this story back to Descartes, through Kant, to the beginnings of 20th Century physics, where it becomes clear that the mind-world relationship is not a speculative question but has a direct impact on the understanding of physical phenomena. The book’s argument begins with the British empiricists who raised our awareness of the fact that we have no direct contact with physical reality, but it is the mind that constructs the form and features of objects. It is shown that modern cognitive science brings this insight a step further by suggesting that shape and structure are not internal to objects, but arise in the observer. The author goes yet further by arguing that the meaningful connectedness between things — the hierarchical organization of all we perceive — is the result of the Gestalt nature of perception and thought, and exists only as a property of mind. These insights give the first glimmerings of a new way of seeing the cosmos: not as a mineral wasteland but a place inhabited by creatures.Mathematics for Physicists (Dover Books on Physics)
By André Krzywicki, Philippe Dennery. 1995
A fine example of how to present classical physical mathematics -- American ScientistWritten for advanced undergraduate…
and graduate students this volume provides a thorough background in the mathematics needed to understand today s more advanced topics in physics and engineering Without sacrificing rigor the authors develop the theoretical material at length in a highly readable and wherever possible in an intuitive manner Each abstract idea is accompanied by a very simple concrete example showing the student that the abstraction is merely a generalization from easily understood specific cases The notation used is always that of physicists The more specialized subjects treated as simply as possible appear in small print thus it is easy to omit them entirely or to assign them to the more ambitious student Among the topics covered are the theory of analytic functions linear vector spaces and linear operators orthogonal expansions including Fourier series and transforms theory of distributions ordinary and partial differential equations and special functions series solutions Green s functions eigenvalue problems integral representations An outstandingly complete collection of mathematical material of wide application in physics invaluable to the reader intent on increasing his knowledge of the mathematical theories and techniques underlying physics -- Applied OpticsThis book delves into finite mathematics and its application in physics, particularly quantum theory. It is shown that quantum theory…
based on finite mathematics is more general than standard quantum theory, whilst finite mathematics is itself more general than standard mathematics.As a consequence, the mathematics describing nature at the most fundamental level involves only a finite number of numbers while the notions of limit, infinite/infinitesimal and continuity are needed only in calculations that describe nature approximately. It is also shown that the concepts of particle and antiparticle are likewise approximate notions, valid only in special situations, and that the electric charge and baryon- and lepton quantum numbers can be only approximately conserved.The Newman Lectures on Mathematics
By John Newman, Vincent Battaglia. 2018
p Prof Newman is considered one of the great chemical engineers of his time His reputation derives from…
his mastery of all phases of the subject matter his clarity of thought and his ability to reduce complex problems to their essential core elements He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering Washington DC USA and has won numerous national awards including every award offered by the Electrochemical Society USA His motto as known by his colleagues is do it right the first time He has been teaching undergraduate and graduate core subject courses at the University of California Berkeley UC Berkeley USA since joining the faculty in 1966 His method is to write out in long form everything he expects to convey to his class on a subject on any given day He has maintained and updated his lecture notes from notepad to computer throughout his career This book is an exact reproduction of those notes p This book shows a clean and concise way on how to use different analytical techniques to solve equations of multiple forms that one is likely to encounter in most engineering fields especially chemical engineering It provides the framework for formulating and solving problems in mass transport fluid dynamics reaction kinetics and thermodynamics through ordinary and partial differential equations It includes topics such as Laplace transforms Legendre s equation vector calculus Fourier transforms similarity transforms coordinate transforms conformal mapping variational calculus superposition integrals and hyperbolic equations The simplicity of the presentation instils confidence in the readers that they can solve any problem they come across either analytically or computationally pSpin – Was ist das eigentlich?: Ein abstrakter quantenmechanischer Begriff, experimentelle Nachweise und Anwendungen (essentials)
By Hans Paetz gen. Schieck. 2020
In diesem Essential wird gezeigt, dass der Spin einer der fundamentalen Begriffe der Physik ist. Zugleich stellt er eine fundamentale Mess- und…
Beobachtungsgröẞe dar. Er wurde erst gegen Widerstände akzeptiert, da er nur nicht-klassisch, d.h. auch nur nicht-anschaulich zu verstehen ist. Das hinderte nicht daran, mit dem geeigneten, v.a. von Heisenberg, Schrödinger und Dirac entwickelten Formalismus der Quantentheorie die zunächst unerklärten Beobachtungen richtig zu beschreiben. Ein Beispiel ist das Periodensystem der Elemente, das nur durch den Spin und das Ausschließungsprinzip von Pauli erklärbar ist. Das hat auch eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen bis in die Medizin und Festkörperphysik ermöglicht.One Hundred Years of Gauge Theory: Past, Present and Future Perspectives (Fundamental Theories of Physics #199)
By Claus Kiefer, Silvia De Bianchi. 2020
This book presents a multidisciplinary guide to gauge theory and gravity, with chapters by the world’s leading theoretical physicists, mathematicians,…
historians and philosophers of science. The contributions from theoretical physics explore e.g. the consistency of the unification of gravitation and quantum theory, the underpinnings of experimental tests of gauge theory and its role in shedding light on the relationship between mathematics and physics. In turn, historians and philosophers of science assess the impact of Weyl’s view on the philosophy of science. Graduate students, lecturers and researchers in the fields of history of science, theoretical physics and philosophy of science will benefit from this book by learning about the role played by Weyl’s Raum-Zeit-Materie in shaping several modern research fields, and by gaining insights into the future prospects of gauge theory in both theoretical and experimental physics. Furthermore, the book facilitates interdisciplinary exchange and conceptual innovation in tackling fundamental questions about our deepest theories of physics. Chapter “Weyl’s Raum-Zeit-Materie and the Philosophy of Science” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.comDesde la eternidad hasta hoy: En busca de la teoría definitiva del tiempo
By Sean Carroll. 2009
A partir de la entrop a la f sica cu ntica los viajes en el…
tiempo o el significado de la vida Sean Carroll profundiza en uno de los grandes enigmas de la ciencia Qu es el tiempo Hace veinte a os Stephen Hawking intent explicar el tiempo a trav s de la comprensi n del big bang Ahora en Desde la eternidad hasta hoy Sean Carroll uno de los mejores f sicos te ricos del mundo nos ofrece una teor a revolucionaria que ilustra c mo la flecha del tiempo existe gracias a condiciones previas al big bang una era con la que Einstein ni siquiera so y que explica que nuestro universo convive con universos paralelos en los que el tiempo viaja en direcci n opuesta Autoridades en el campo de la f sica te rica opinan Una exploraci n cautivadora de los misterios del tiempo Brian Green L cido y profundo Kip S Thome Y la prensa afirma Desde la eternidad hasta hoy es una de las mejores explicaciones de los misterios asombrosos de nuestro universo The Wall Street Journal Carroll utiliza un lenguaje coloquial y accesible para explorar los desaf os de la cosmolog a Library JournalLightning: Fire From The Sky (Dover Books on Physics #Volume 39)
By Martin A. Uman. 2001
Awesome to any beholder lightning has been a subject of intense interest to scientists curious about its exact physical…
nature There was a dearth of comprehensive scientific literature on the subject until the publication of this volume Geared toward advanced undergraduates in physics or engineering it features remarkable clarity and a minimum of mathematical notation making it accessible to nonspecialists and useful as a teaching resource or for self-study Dr Uman whose own work has contributed greatly to understanding the physics of lightning presents a general introduction to lightning phenomena and terminology lightning photography electrical and magnetic field measurements and current measurements Additional topics include lightning spectroscopy and thunder a wealth of new and detailed analyses of the latest data and reviews of theories regarding the discharge process from the special vantage point of a scientist well-versed in plasma physics Five appendices bring recent research up to date covering such phenomena as bead and ball lightning and reviewing experimental data and modeling This authoritative exposition of the many physical phenomena associated with lightning is the only inexpensive single-volume presentation on the subjectBasics of Thermal Field Theory: A Tutorial on Perturbative Computations (Lecture Notes in Physics #925)
By Mikko Laine, Aleksi Vuorinen. 2016
This book presents thermal field theorytechniques which can be applied in both cosmology and the theoreticaldescription of the QCD…
plasma generated in heavy-ion collision experiments Itfocuses on gauge interactions whether weak or strong which are essential inboth contexts As well as the many differences in the physics questions posedand in the microscopic forces playing a central role the authors also explainthe similarities and the techniques such as the resummations that are neededfor developing a formally consistent perturbative expansion The formalism is developed step by step startingfrom quantum mechanics introducing scalar fermionic and gauge fields describingthe issues of infrared divergences resummations and effective field theories and incorporating systems with finite chemical potentials With this machineryin place the important class of real-time dynamic observables is treated insome detail This is followed by an overview of a number of applications ranging from the study of phase transitions and particle production ratecomputations to the concept of transport and damping coefficients that play aubiquitous role in current developments The book serves as a self-contained textbook on relativistic thermal field theoryfor undergraduate and graduate students of theoretical high-energy physicsCarbon Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Properties and Applications (Carbon Nanostructures)
By Raz Jelinek. 2016
This book introduces the various aspects of the emerging field of carbon dots Their structural and physico-chemical properties…
as well as their current and future potential applications are covered A special chapter on graphene quantum dots is provided The reader will also find different synthesis routes for carbon quantum dotsClassical Mechanics: 2nd Edition (Dover Books on Physics)
By H. C. Corben, Philip Stehle. 1960
Applications not usually taught in physics courses include theory of space-charge limited currents atmospheric drag motion of meteoritic…
dust variational principles in rocket motion transfer functions much more 1960 editionGroup Theory and Its Application to Physical Problems (Dover Books on Physics)
By Morton Hamermesh. 1962
A remarkably intelligible survey well organized well written and very clear throughout …
-- Mathematical ReviewsThis excellent text long considered one of the best-written most skillful expositions of group theory and its physical applications is directed primarily to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physics especially quantum physics No knowledge of group theory is assumed but the reader is expected to be familiar with quantum mechanics And while much of the book concerns theory readers will nevertheless find a large number of physical applications in the fields of crystallography molecular theory and atomic and nuclear physics The first seven chapters of the book are concerned with finite groups focusing on the central role of the symmetric group This section concludes with a chapter dealing with the problem of determining group characters as it discusses Young tableaux Yamanouchi symbols and the method of Hund The remaining five chapters discuss continuous groups particularly Lie groups with the final chapter devoted to the ray representation of Lie groups The author Professor Emeritus of Physics at the University of Minnesota has included a generous selection of problems They are inserted throughout the text at the place where they naturally arise making the book ideal for self-study as well as for classroom assignment A very welcome addition to the literature I would warmly recommend the book to all serious students of Group Theory as applied to Physics -- Contemporary PhysicsContinuum Mechanics: Concise Theory and Problems (Dover Books on Physics)
By P. Chadwick. 1976
Written in response to the dearth of practical and meaningful textbooks in the field of fundamental continuum mechanics this…
comprehensive treatment offers students and instructors an immensely useful tool Its 115 solved problems and exercises not only provide essential practice but also systematically advance the understanding of vector and tensor theory basic kinematics balance laws field equations jump conditions and constitutive equations Readers follow clear formally precise steps through the central ideas of classical and modern continuum mechanics expressed in a common efficient notation that fosters quick comprehension and renders these concepts familiar when they reappear in other contexts Completion of this brief course results in a unified basis for work in fluid dynamics and the mechanics of solid materials a foundation of particular value to students of mathematics and physics those studying continuum mechanics at an intermediate or advanced level and postgraduate students in the applied sciences Should be excellent in its intended function as a problem book to accompany a lecture course -- Quarterly of Applied MathQuantum Mechanics in Simple Matrix Form (Dover Books on Physics)
By Thomas F. Jordan. 1986
This elementary text introduces basic quantum mechanics to undergraduates with no background in mathematics beyond algebra Containing more than…
100 problems it provides an easy way to learn part of the quantum language and apply it to problems Emphasizing the matrices representing physical quantities it describes states simply by mean values of physical quantities or by probabilities for possible values This approach requires using the algebra of matrices and complex numbers together with probabilities and mean values a technique introduced at the outset and used repeatedly Students discover the essential simplicity of quantum mechanics by focusing on basics and working only with key elements of the mathematical structure--an original point of view that offers a refreshing alternative for students new to quantum mechanics". . . full of intellectual treats and tricks, of whimsy and deep scientific philosophy. It is highbrow entertainment at…
its best, a teasing challenge to all who aspire to think about the universe." -- New York Herald TribuneOne of the world's foremost nuclear physicists (celebrated for his theory of radioactive decay, among other accomplishments), George Gamow possessed the unique ability of making the world of science accessible to the general reader.He brings that ability to bear in this delightful expedition through the problems, pleasures, and puzzles of modern science. Among the topics scrutinized with the author's celebrated good humor and pedagogical prowess are the macrocosm and the microcosm, theory of numbers, relativity of space and time, entropy, genes, atomic structure, nuclear fission, and the origin of the solar system.In the pages of this book readers grapple with such crucial matters as whether it is possible to bend space, why a rocket shrinks, the "end of the world problem," excursions into the fourth dimension, and a host of other tantalizing topics for the scientifically curious. Brimming with amusing anecdotes and provocative problems, One Two Three . . . Infinity also includes over 120 delightful pen-and-ink illustrations by the author, adding another dimension of good-natured charm to these wide-ranging explorations.Whatever your level of scientific expertise, chances are you'll derive a great deal of pleasure, stimulation, and information from this unusual and imaginative book. It belongs in the library of anyone curious about the wonders of the scientific universe. "In One Two Three . . . Infinity, as in his other books, George Gamow succeeds where others fail because of his remarkable ability to combine technical accuracy, choice of material, dignity of expression, and readability." -- Saturday Review of LiteratureIntroduction to Modern Optics (Dover Books on Physics)
By Grant R. Fowles. 1975
This incisive text provides a basic undergraduate-level course in modern optics for students in physics technology and engineering …
The first half of the book deals with classical physical optics the second principally with the quantum nature of light Chapters 1 and 2 treat the propagation of light waves including the concepts of phase and group velocities and the vectorial nature of light Chapter 3 applies the concepts of partial coherence and coherence length to the study of interference and Chapter 4 takes up multiple-beam interference and includes Fabry-Perot interferometry and multilayer-film theory Diffraction and holography are the subjects of Chapter 5 and the propagation of light in material media including crystal and nonlinear optics are central to Chapter 6 Chapters 7 and 8 introduce the quantum theory of light and elementary optical spectra and Chapter 9 explores the theory of light amplification and lasers Chapter 10 briefly outlines ray optics in order to introduce students to the matrix method for treating optical systems and to apply the ray matrix to the study of laser resonators Many applications of the laser to the study of optics are integrated throughout the text The author assumes students have had an intermediate course in electricity and magnetism and some advanced mathematics beyond calculus For classroom use a list of problems is included at the end of each chapter with selected answers at the end of the book