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Control of Magnetotransport in Quantum Billiards: Theory, Computation and Applications (Lecture Notes in Physics #927)
By Christian Morfonios, Peter Schmelcher. 2017
In this book the coherent quantum transport of electrons through two-dimensional mesoscopic structures is explored in dependence of the interplay…
between the confining geometry and the impact of applied magnetic fields aiming at conductance controllability After a top-down insightful presentation of the elements of mesoscopic devices and transport theory a computational technique which treats multiterminal structures of arbitrary geometry and topology is developed The method relies on the modular assembly of the electronic propagators of subsystems which are inter- or intra-connected providing large flexibility in system setups combined with high computational efficiency Conductance control is first demonstrated for elongated quantum billiards and arrays thereof where a weak magnetic field tunes the current by phase modulation of interfering lead-coupled states geometrically separated from confined states Soft-wall potentials are then employed for efficient and robust conductance switching by isolating energy persistent collimated or magnetically deflected electron paths from Fano resonances In a multiterminal configuration the guiding and focusing property of curved boundary sections enables magnetically controlled directional transport with input electron waves flowing exclusively to selected outputs Together with a comprehensive analysis of characteristic transport features and spatial distributions of scattering states the results demonstrate the geometrically assisted design of magnetoconductance control elements in the linear response regimeA Group Theoretic Approach to Quantum Information
By Masahito Hayashi. 2017
This book is the first one addressing quantum information from the viewpoint of group symmetry. Quantum systems have a group…
symmetrical structure. This structure enables to handle systematically quantum information processing. However, there is no other textbook focusing on group symmetry for quantum information although there exist many textbooks for group representation. After the mathematical preparation of quantum information, this book discusses quantum entanglement and its quantification by using group symmetry. Group symmetry drastically simplifies the calculation of several entanglement measures although their calculations are usually very difficult to handle. This book treats optimal information processes including quantum state estimation, quantum state cloning, estimation of group action and quantum channel etc. Usually it is very difficult to derive the optimal quantum information processes without asymptotic setting of these topics. However, group symmetry allows to derive these optimal solutions without assuming the asymptotic setting. Next, this book addresses the quantum error correcting code with the symmetric structure of Weyl-Heisenberg groups. This structure leads to understand the quantum error correcting code systematically. Finally, this book focuses on the quantum universal information protocols by using the group SU(d). This topic can be regarded as a quantum version of the Csiszar-Korner's universal coding theory with the type method. The required mathematical knowledge about group representation is summarized in the companion book, Group Representation for Quantum Theory.Atlas of Climate Change: Responsibility and Obligation of Human Society (Springer Atmospheric Sciences)
By Yan Guo, Wenjie Dong, Jianbin Huang, Fumin Ren. 2016
This atlas and reference resource assembles the latest research findings on the responsibility and obligation of human society for historical…
climate change. It clearly and quantitatively estimates to what extent the developed and developing world are responsible for historical climate change with regard to anthropogenic carbon and sulfur emissions as well as global carbon trade, and so provides a potential tool to address the controversial issue of carbon emission reduction in international climate negotiations. Since the quantitative attribution of historical climate change is calculated based on CMIP5 models, the fidelity of these models in representing the observed climate change is also evaluated. In addition to evaluation, future climate change based on CMIP5 models is also shown both on global and regional scales (especially for China and its surrounding areas ) in terms of surface air temperature, precipitation, sea surface temperature, atmospheric circulations and Arctic Sea ice. The atlas also makes various comparisons among different multi-model ensemble methods in order to obtain the most reliable estimation.Based on a California Institute of Technology course this outstanding introduction to formal quantum mechanics is geared toward advanced…
undergraduates in applied physics The text addresses not only the basic formalism and related phenomena but also takes students a step further to a consideration of generic and important applications The treatment s exploration of a wide range of topics culminates in two eminently practical subjects the semiconductor transistor and the laser Subjects include operators Eigenvalue problems the harmonic oscillator angular momentum matrix formulation of quantum mechanics perturbation theory the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with atomic systems and absorption and dispersion of radiation in atomic media Additional topics include laser oscillation quantum statistics applications of the statistical distribution laws the interaction of electrons and nuclei with magnetic fields and charge transport in semiconductors Each chapter concludes with a set of problemsA History of the Solar System
By Claudio Vita. 2016
This well illustrated book presents a compact history of the Solar System from its dusty origins 4 600 000 years…
ago to the present day Its primary aim is to show how the planets and their satellites comets meteors interplanetary dust solar radiation and cosmic rays continually interact sometimes violently and it reflects humanity s progress in exploring and interpreting this history The book is intended for a general readership at a time when human and robotic exploration of space is often in the news and should also appeal to students at all levels It covers the essentials but refers to a large literature which can be accessed via the internetComputer-Based Structure Elucidation from Spectral Data: The Art of Solving Problems (Lecture Notes in Chemistry #89)
By Antony J. Williams, Mikhail E. Elyashberg. 2015
Here the authors introduce readers to solving molecular structure elucidation problems using the expert system ACD Structure Elucidator …
They explain in detail the concepts of the Computer-Assisted Structure Elucidation CASE approach and point out the crucial role of understanding the axiomatic nature of the data used to deduce the structure Aspects covered include the main blocks of the expert system and essential features of the mathematical algorithms used Graduate and PhD students as well as practicing chemists are provided with a detailed explanation of the various practical approaches depending on available spectral data peculiarities and the complexity of the unknown structure This is supported by a large number of real-world completed examples most of which are related to the structure elucidation of natural product molecules containing unusual skeletons Dedicated software and further supplementary material are available at www acdlabs com TeachingSEDas Buch der Klänge: Eine Reise zu den akustischen Wundern der Welt
By Trevor Cox. 2015
Mit dem Buch der Kl nge f hrt uns der britische Wissenschaftler Trevor Cox in verborgene H …
rwelten Es weckt in uns das Verlangen in einem Alltag in dem das Visuelle so sehr dominiert doch einmal genauer hinzuh ren - und unsere Ohren f r das wunderbare Klangdurcheinander um uns herum zu ffnen Als Fachmann f r technische Akustik hat sich Trevor Cox lange damit besch ftigt unerw nschte Ger usche verschwinden zu lassen ob Echos in Konzerts len oder L rm in Klassenzimmern Eines Tages aber verschaffte ihm ein Ausflug in die Londoner Kanalisation ein erstaunliches H rerlebnis - und die Erkenntnis Statt seltsame Ger usche abzustellen sollten wir die seltsamsten und bizarrsten akustischen Effekte zu sch tzen lernen als die Klangwunder unserer Erde Das Buch der Kl nge beschreibt seine Suche nach diesen Klangwundern In der Mojave-W ste besucht Cox singende D nen In Frankreich entdeckt er ein Echo das zu Scherzen aufgelegt ist In Kalifornien f hrt er eine singende Stra e entlang die die Ouvert re zu Wilhelm Tell erklingen l sst wenn auch ziemlich schief Und eine Entdeckung ist so beeindruckend dass sie einen Eintrag ins Guinness-Buch der Rekorde verdient hatThis book explores combinatorial problems and insights in quantum field theory. It is not comprehensive, but rather takes a tour,…
shaped by the author's biases, through some of the important ways that a combinatorial perspective can be brought to bear on quantum field theory. Among the outcomes are both physical insights and interesting mathematics. The book begins by thinking of perturbative expansions as kinds of generating functions and then introduces renormalization Hopf algebras. The remainder is broken into two parts. The first part looks at Dyson-Schwinger equations, stepping gradually from the purely combinatorial to the more physical. The second part looks at Feynman graphs and their periods. The flavour of the book will appeal to mathematicians with a combinatorics background as well as mathematical physicists and other mathematicians.The Cosmic Code: Quantum Physics As The Language Of Nature (Dover Books On Physics Series)
By Heinz R. Pagels. 1982
This is one of the most important books on quantum mechanics ever written for general readers, in which an eminent…
physicist discusses and explains the core concepts of physics without resorting to complicated mathematics. "Can be read by anyone. I heartily recommend it!" -- New York Times Book Review. 1982 edition.During the past century world-wide energy consumption has risen dramatically which leads to a quest for new…
energy sources Fusion of hydrogen atoms in hot plasmas is an attractive approach to solve the energy problem with abundant fuel inherent safety and no long-lived radioactivity However one of the limits on plasma performance is due to the various classes of magneto-hydrodynamic instabilities that may occur The physics and control of these instabilities in modern magnetic confinement fusion devices is the subject of this book Written by foremost experts the contributions will provide valuable reference and up-to-date research reviews for old hands and newcomers alikeProbability Theory: A Comprehensive Course (Universitext)
By Achim Klenke. 2020
This popular textbook, now in a revised and expanded third edition, presents a comprehensive course in modern probability theory.Probability plays…
an increasingly important role not only in mathematics, but also in physics, biology, finance and computer science, helping to understand phenomena such as magnetism, genetic diversity and market volatility, and also to construct efficient algorithms. Starting with the very basics, this textbook covers a wide variety of topics in probability, including many not usually found in introductory books, such as: limit theorems for sums of random variables martingales percolation Markov chains and electrical networks construction of stochastic processes Poisson point process and infinite divisibility large deviation principles and statistical physics Brownian motion stochastic integrals and stochastic differential equations. The presentation is self-contained and mathematically rigorous, with the material on probability theory interspersed with chapters on measure theory to better illustrate the power of abstract concepts.This third edition has been carefully extended and includes new features, such as concise summaries at the end of each section and additional questions to encourage self-reflection, as well as updates to the figures and computer simulations. With a wealth of examples and more than 290 exercises, as well as biographical details of key mathematicians, it will be of use to students and researchers in mathematics, statistics, physics, computer science, economics and biology.The Janus Point: A New Theory of Time
By Julian Barbour. 2020
In a universe filled by chaos and disorder, one physicist makes the radical argument that the growth of order drives…
the passage of time -- and shapes the destiny of the universe. Time is among the universe's greatest mysteries. Why, when most laws of physics allow for it to flow forward and backward, does it only go forward? Physicists have long appealed to the second law of thermodynamics, held to predict the increase of disorder in the universe, to explain this. In The Janus Point, physicist Julian Barbour argues that the second law has been misapplied and that the growth of order determines how we experience time. In his view, the big bang becomes the "Janus point," a moment of minimal order from which time could flow, and order increase, in two directions. The Janus Point has remarkable implications: while most physicists predict that the universe will become mired in disorder, Barbour sees the possibility that order -- the stuff of life -- can grow without bound. A major new work of physics, The Janus Point will transform our understanding of the nature of existence.Physics and Philosophy
By James Jeans. 1981
Can we have any knowledge of the world outside us other than we gain by the methods of science? Are…
we humans endowed with free will, or are we mere cogs in a vast machine that must follow its predestined course until it finally runs down? Is the world we perceive the world of ultimate reality, or is it only a curtain veiling a deeper reality beyond?In this strikingly lucid and often poetic book, one of the twentieth century's greatest scientists grapples with these age-old questions, achieving in the process a brilliant and non-technical exposition of the interrelationship between physics and philosophy. He begins by defining physics and philosophy, pointing out the difference in their respective attempts to explain physical reality and man's place in it. This discussion paves the way for an outline of epistemological methods in which the rationalism of thinkers like Descartes, Leibniz, and Kant is compared to the empiricism of Locke and Hume.Over the course of the book, in a manner that is careful and methodic but never dull, Jeans marshals the evidence for his startling conclusion: recent discoveries in astronomy, mathematics, sub-atomic physics, and other disciplines have washed away the scientific basis of many older philosophic discussions. Such long-standing problems as causality, free will and determinism, the nature of space and time, materialism and mentalism must be considered anew in the light of new knowledge and information attained by twentieth-century physical science. Even then, however, Jeans cautions against drawing any positive conclusions, pointing out that both physics and philosophy are both relatively young and that we are still in Newton's words, like children playing with pebbles on the sea-shore, while the great ocean of truth rolls, unexplored, beyond our reach.Although first published in 1943, nothing in physics has happened to affect Jeans's account in this book; it remains remarkably fresh and undated, a classic exposition of the philosophical implications of scientific knowledge.SAT Subject Test Physics: With Online Tests (Barron's Test Prep)
By Robert Jansen M.A., Greg Young M.S. Ed.. 2020
Barron's SAT Subject Test Physics is updated to reflect the current test and features three full-length practice tests along with…
detailed content review and expert tips to help students improve their score.This edition includes:One diagnostic test to determine strengths and weaknessesThree complete SAT Subject Tests in Physics, which reflect the most recent actual tests in length, subject matter, and degree of difficultyAnswers and explanations for all questionsSelf-assessment guides after each test so students can measure their progressExtensive subject review covering all topics on the test, including mechanics, electricity and magnetism, waves and optics, thermodynamics, and more.Online Practice Test: Students also get access to one brand new, full-length online practice test with all questions answered and explained.Unique features include a &“What&’s the Trick?&” approach to solving problems quickly and effectively. Additional tips, called out with &“If You See…&” are included within the chapters to give test takers critical insight into difficult concepts, and QR codes are provided at &“Key Concept&” areas link to short videos to enhance instruction. The authors also provide general examination strategies and a detailed appendix with equations, physical constants, and a basic math review.Exercises and Problems in Mathematical Methods of Physics (Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics)
By Giampaolo Cicogna. 2020
This book is the second edition, whose original mission was to offer a new approach for students wishing to better…
understand the mathematical tenets that underlie the study of physics. This mission is retained in this book.The structure of the book is one that keeps pedagogical principles in mind at every level. Not only are the chapters sequenced in such a way as to guide the reader down a clear path that stretches throughout the book, but all individual sections and subsections are also laid out so that the material they address becomes progressively more complex along with the reader's ability to comprehend it. This book not only improves upon the first in many details, but it also fills in some gaps that were left open by this and other books on similar topics. The 350 problems presented here are accompanied by answers which now include a greater amount of detail and additional guidance for arriving at the solutions. In this way, the mathematical underpinnings of the relevant physics topics are made as easy to absorb as possible.The Chaotic Solar Cycle (Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space)
By Arnold Hanslmeier. 2020
This book offers an overview of solar physics with a focus on solar activity, particularly the activity cycle. It is…
known that solar activity varies periodically, but there are also phases of intermittency, such as the Maunder minimum, during which solar activity is very low or high over several decades. The book provides a brief introduction to chaos theory and investigates solar activity in terms of its chaotic behavior. It also discusses how intermittent phases of solar activity have affected and can affect Earth’s climate and long-term space weather, and reviews the underlying theories relating to the solar dynamo mechanism. Furthermore, each chapter includes references to scientific literature (review articles and papers) so that readers can delve deeper into the subjects covered. This richly illustrated book will appeal to a wide readership, and is also useful as a textbook for courses in solar physics and astrophysics.Multi-time Wave Functions: An Introduction (SpringerBriefs in Physics)
By Matthias Lienert, Sören Petrat, Roderich Tumulka. 2020
The natural generalization of the quantum-mechanical N-particle wave function to relativistic space-time is a function of N space-time points, and…
thus of N time variables. This book, based on a collection of lectures given at a spring school in Tübingen in 2019, provides an accessible and concise introduction to the recent development of the theory of multi-time wave functions, their use in quantum field theory, their relation to detection probabilities, and the mathematical question of consistency of their time evolution equations. The book is intended for advanced students and researchers with an interest in relativity and quantum physics.Metal Clusters and Their Reactivity
By Zhixun Luo, Shiv N. Khanna. 2020
This book discusses current techniques and instrumentation for cluster chemistry. It addresses both the experimental and theoretical aspects of gas-phase…
metal cluster reactivities, especially those pertaining to pollution removal, energetic reactions and corrosion and anticorrosion. These metal cluster systems have attracted enormous interest as they display a completely new class of physical, chemical, electronic, magnetic and catalytic properties. As these properties change with size and composition, it can thus be understood how their nature evolves from atoms to bulk solids. The book offers readers a basic understanding of the structural chemistry and reactivity of metal clusters in both gas-phase and wet chemistry. Further, the lessons they learn here regarding metal cluster chemistry will prepare researchers for the study of condensed phase dynamics that pertain to wet chemical synthesis, soft-landing deposition and cluster assembly.Device-Independent Quantum Information Processing: A Simplified Analysis (Springer Theses)
By Rotem Arnon-Friedman. 2020
Device-independent quantum cryptography is a method for exchanging secret messages over potentially insecure quantum communication channels, such as optical fibers.…
In contrast to conventional quantum cryptography, security is guaranteed even if the devices used by the communication partners, such as photon sources and detectors, deviate from their theoretical specifications. This is of high practical relevance, for attacks to current implementations of quantum cryptography exploit exactly such deviations. Device-independent cryptography is however technologically so demanding that it looked as if experimental realizations are out of reach.In her thesis, Rotem Arnon-Friedman presents powerful information-theoretic methods to prove the security of device-independent quantum cryptography. Based on them, she is able to establish security in a parameter regime that may be experimentally achievable in the near future. Rotem Arnon-Friedman's thesis thus provides the theoretical foundations for an experimental demonstration of device-independent quantum cryptography.Imaging from Cells to Animals In Vivo (Series in Cellular and Clinical Imaging)
By Margarida M. Barroso and Xavier Intes. 2021
This book offers an overview of imaging techniques used to investigate cells and tissue in their native environment. It covers…
the range of imaging approaches used, as well as the application of those techniques to the study of biological processes in cells and whole tissues within living organisms.