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The Systemic Turn in Human and Natural Sciences: A Rock In The Pond (Contemporary Systems Thinking Ser.)
By Lucia Urbani Ulivi. 2019
This book is dedicated to the consolidation and to the expansion of theoretic systems thinking as a necessary integration of…
the general reductionist and analytical attitude dominant in our culture. Reductionism and analytical approaches have produced significant results in many fields of contemporary knowledge giving a great contribution to relevant scientific discoveries and to their technological application, but their validity has been improperly universalized as the only and best methods of knowledge in every domain. It is nowadays clear that analytical or mereological approaches are inadequate to solve many problems and that we should introduce – or support the diffusion of - new concepts and different research attitudes.A good candidate to support such a shift is the well known theoretical approach based on the concept of “system” that no more considers the elementary constituents of an object, but the entity emerging from the relations and interactions among its elementary parts. It becomes possible to reconstruct several domains, both philosophical and scientific, from the systemic point of view, introducing fresh ideas in the research in view of a general rational vision of the world on more comprehensive basis.This book contributes to the diffusion and evolution of systemic thinking by focusing on two main objectives: developing and updating the systemic approach in disciplines currently using it and introducing the systemic perspective in humanistic disciplines, where the approach is not widely used. The Systemic Turn in Human and Natural Sciences: A Rock in the Pond is comprised of ten chapters. The chapter authors adopt a trans-disciplinary perspective, consisting in the recognition and harmonization of the special outlooks that together, within the general systemic paradigm, gives an ideal unity to the book.Introduction to Simple Shock Waves in Air
By Seán Prunty. 2019
This book provides an elementary introduction to some one-dimensional fluid flow problems involving shock waves in air. The differential equations…
of fluid flow are approximated by finite difference equations and these in turn are numerically integrated in a stepwise manner. Artificial viscosity is introduced into the numerical calculations in order to deal with shocks. The presentation is restricted to the finite-difference approach to solve the coupled differential equations of fluid flow as distinct from finite-volume or finite-element methods. This text presents the results arising from the numerical solution using Mathcad programming. Both plane and spherical shock waves are discussed with particular emphasis on very strong explosive shocks in air. This text will appeal to students, researchers, and professionals in shock wave research and related fields. Students in particular will appreciate the benefits of numerical methods in fluid mechanics and the level of presentation.This book provides a comprehensive overview of modern computer-based techniques for analyzing the structure, properties and dynamics of biomolecules and…
biomolecular processes. It is organized in four main parts; the first one deals with methodology of molecular simulations; the second one with applications of molecular simulations; the third one introduces bioinformatics methods and the use of experimental information in molecular simulations; the last part reports on selected applications of molecular quantum mechanics. This second edition has been thoroughly revised and updated to include the latest progresses made in the respective field of research.Write algorithms and program in the new field of quantum computing. This book covers major topics such as the physical…
components of a quantum computer: qubits, entanglement, logic gates, circuits, and how they differ from a traditional computer. Also, Practical Quantum Computing for Developers discusses quantum computing in the cloud using IBM Q Experience including: the composer, quantum scores, experiments, circuits, simulators, real quantum devices, and more. You’ll be able to run experiments in the cloud on a real quantum device.Furthermore, this book shows you how to do quantum programming using the QISKit (Quantum Information Software Kit), Python SDK, and other APIs such as QASM (Quantum Assembly). You’ll learn to write code using these languages and execute it against simulators (local or remote) or a real quantum computer provided by IBM’s Q Experience. Finally, you’ll learn the current quantum algorithms for entanglement, random number generation, linear search, integer factorization, and others. You’ll peak inside the inner workings of the Bell states for entanglement, Grover’s algorithm for linear search, Shor’s algorithm for integer factorization, and other algorithms in the fields of optimization, and more.Along the way you’ll also cover game theory with the Magic Square, an example of quantum pseudo-telepathy where parties sharing entangled states can be observed to have some kind of communication between them. In this game Alice and Bob play against a referee. Quantum mechanics allows Alice and Bob to always win!By the end of this book, you will understand how this emerging technology provides massive parallelism and significant computational speedups over classical computers, and will be prepared to program quantum computers which are expected to replace traditional computers in the data center.What You Will LearnUse the Q Experience Composer, the first-of-its-kind web console to create visual programs/experiments and submit them to a quantum simulator or real device on the cloudRun programs remotely using the Q Experience REST API Write algorithms that provide superior performance over their classical counterpartsBuild a Node.js REST client for authenticating, listing remote devices, querying information about quantum processors, and listing or running experiments remotely in the cloudCreate a quantum number generator: The quintessential coin flip with a quantum twistDiscover quantum teleportation: This algorithm demonstrates how the exact state of a qubit (quantum information) can be transmitted from one location to another, with the help of classical communication and quantum entanglement between the sender and receiverPeek into single qubit operations with the classic game of Battleships with a quantum twistHandle the counterfeit coin problem: a classic puzzle that consists of finding a counterfeit coin in a beam balance among eight coins in only two turnsWho This Book Is ForDevelopers and programmers interested in this new field of computing.Spectral Approach to Transport Problems in Two-Dimensional Disordered Lattices: Physical Interpretation And Applications (Springer Theses)
By Evdokiya Georgieva Kostadinova. 2018
This book introduces the spectral approach to transport problems in infinite disordered systems characterized by Anderson-type Hamiltonians. The spectral approach…
determines (with probability one) the existence of extended states for nonzero disorder in infinite lattices of any dimension and geometry. Here, the author focuses on the critical 2D case, where previous numerical and experimental results have shown disagreement with theory. Not being based on scaling theory, the proposed method avoids issues related to boundary conditions and provides an alternative approach to transport problems where interaction with various types of disorder is considered.Beginning with a general overview of Anderson-type transport problems and their relevance to physical systems, it goes on to discuss in more detail the most relevant theoretical, numerical, and experimental developments in this field of research. The mathematical formulation of the innovative spectral approach is introduced together with a physical interpretation and discussion of its applicability to physical systems, followed by a numerical study of delocalization in the 2D disordered honeycomb, triangular, and square lattices. Transport in the 2D honeycomb lattice with substitutional disorder is investigated employing a spectral analysis of the quantum percolation problem. Next, the applicability of the method is extended to the classical regime, with an examination of diffusion of lattice waves in 2D disordered complex plasma crystals, along with discussion of proposed future developments in the study of complex transport problems using spectral theory.Spectroscopic Methods in the Study of Kaolin Minerals and Their Modifications (Springer Mineralogy Ser.)
By Jacob Theo Kloprogge. 2019
This book systematically provides an overview of the use of a wide range of spectroscopic methods (Mid- and Near-Infrared, Infrared…
Emission, Raman, Solid-State Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, X-ray Photoelectron, Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure, X-ray Absorption Near Edge, Electron Spin and Mössbauer spectroscopy) to investigate kaolin minerals (kaolinite, dickite, nacrite and halloysite) and their modifications (intercalation compounds, nanocomposites and other modifications).Toward a Science Campus in Milan: A Snapshot Of Current Research At The Physics Department Aldo Pontremoli
By Matteo G A Paris, Alessandro Vicini, Laura Perini, Emanuela Meroni, Giuseppe Lodato, Pier Francesco Bortignon. 2018
This book is a collection of multidisciplinary papers presented at the Department of Physics of Milan University's congress on 28…
and 29 June 2017, which was also intended as a kick-off meeting for the design of a novel science campus at the Expo site in Milan. The congress presented a snapshot of the department's research to the academic community, the media, policymakers and authorities as well as the public at large, and also provided an opportunity to strengthen interdisciplinary collaborations between the members of the department and other communities. This book is a valuable resource for scientists looking for synergetic projects, policymakers wanting to grasp scientists' points of view and for prospective graduate students seeking expanding areas of research.Environmental Geoinformatics: Monitoring And Management (Environmental Science And Engineering / Environmental Science Ser.)
By John Kiema, Joseph Awange. 2019
This second edition includes updated chapters from the first edition as well as five additional new chapters (Light detection and…
ranging (LiDAR), CORONA historical de-classified products, Unmanned Aircraft Vehicles (UAVs), GNSS-reflectometry and GNSS applications to climate variability), shifting the main focus from monitoring and management to extreme hydro-climatic and food security challenges and exploiting big data. Since the publication of first edition, much has changed in terms of technology, and the demand for geospatial data has increased with the advent of the big data era. For instance, the use of laser scanning has advanced so much that it is unavoidable in most environmental monitoring tasks, whereas unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAVs)/drones are emerging as efficient tools that address food security issues as well as many other contemporary challenges. Furthermore, global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are now responding to challenges posed by climate change by unravelling the impacts of teleconnection (e.g., ENSO) as well as advancing the use of reflected signals (GNSS-reflectometry) to monitor, e.g., soil moisture variations. Indeed all these rely on the explosive use of “big data” in many fields of human endeavour.Moreover, with the ever-increasing global population, intense pressure is being exerted on the Earth’s resources, leading to significant changes in its land cover (e.g., deforestation), diminishing biodiversity and natural habitats, dwindling fresh water supplies, and changing weather and climatic patterns (e.g., global warming, changing sea level). Environmental monitoring techniques that provide information on these are under scrutiny from an increasingly environmentally conscious society that demands the efficient delivery of such information at a minimal cost. Environmental changes vary both spatially and temporally, thereby putting pressure on traditional methods of data acquisition, some of which are highly labour intensive, such as animal tracking for conservation purposes. With these challenges, conventional monitoring techniques, particularly those that record spatial changes call for more sophisticated approaches that deliver the necessary information at an affordable cost. One direction being pursued in the development of such techniques involves environmental geoinformatics, which can act as a stand-alone method or complement traditional methods.Vibrations: With Applications To Mems And Nems (Solid Mechanics And Its Applications Ser. #184)
By Edward B Magrab, Balakumar Balachandran. 2004
This new edition explains how vibrations can be used in a broad spectrum of applications and how to meet the…
challenges faced by engineers and system designers. The text integrates linear and nonlinear systems and covers the time domain and the frequency domain, responses to harmonic and transient excitations, and discrete and continuous system models. It focuses on modeling, analysis, prediction, and measurement to provide a complete understanding of the underlying physical vibratory phenomena and their relevance for engineering design. Knowledge is put into practice through numerous examples with real-world applications in a range of disciplines, detailed design guidelines applicable to various vibratory systems, and over forty online interactive graphics provide a visual summary of system behaviors and enable students to carry out their own parametric studies. Some thirteen new tables act as a quick reference for self-study, detailing key characteristics of physical systems and summarizing important results. This is an essential text for undergraduate and graduate courses in vibration analysis, and a valuable reference for practicing engineers.Fundamentals of Molecular Symmetry (Series in Chemical Physics #Vol. 1)
By P R Bunker, P Jensen. 2005
Winner of a 2005 CHOICE Outstanding Academic Book Award Molecular symmetry is an easily applied tool for understanding and predicting…
many of the properties of molecules. Traditionally, students are taught this subject using point groups derived from the equilibrium geometry of the molecule. Fundamentals of Molecular Symmetry shows how to set up symmetry groups for molecules using the more general idea of energy invariance. It is no more difficult than using molecular geometry and one obtains molecular symmetry groups. The book provides an introductory description of molecular spectroscopy and quantum mechanics as the foundation for understanding how molecular symmetry is defined and used. The approach taken gives a balanced account of using both point groups and molecular symmetry groups. Usually the point group is only useful for isolated, nonrotating molecules, executing small amplitude vibrations, with no tunneling, in isolated electronic states. However, for the chemical physicist or physical chemist who wishes to go beyond these limitations, the molecular symmetry group is almost always required.Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction
By Thomas Banks. 2018
"pedagogical and accessible"—Nathan Seiberg, Professor, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey "an excellent book"—Andreas Karch, Professor, University of Washington…
"provides remarkable insights into technical aspects of the subject, but also into the most basic conceptual questions which trouble both new students and more mature researchers"—Michael Dine, Professor, University of California, Santa Cruz This authoritative, advanced introduction provides a complete, modern perspective on quantum mechanics. It clarifies many common misconceptions regarding wave/particle duality and the correct interpretation of measurements. The author develops the text from the ground up, starting from the fundamentals and presenting information at an elementary level, avoiding unnecessarily detailed and complex derivations in favor of simple, clear explanations. He begins in the simplest context of a two-state system and shows why quantum mechanics is inevitable, and what its relationship is to classical mechanics. He also outlines the decoherence approach to interpreting quantum mechanics. Distinguishing features: Provides a thorough grounding in the principles and practice of quantum mechanics, including a core understanding of the behavior of atoms, molecules, solids, and light. Utilizes easy-to-follow examples and analogies to illustrate important concepts. Helps develop an intuitive sense for the field, by guiding the reader to understand how the correct formulas reduce to the non-relativistic ones. Includes numerous worked examples and problems for each chapter. Thomas Banks is a theoretical physicist at University of California, Santa Cruz and a professor at Rutgers University. He earned his PhD in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and has been a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. Professor Banks is the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship and is an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.Graphs in Perturbation Theory: Algebraic Structure And Asymptotics (Springer Theses)
By Michael Borinsky. 2018
This book is the first systematic study of graphical enumeration and the asymptotic algebraic structures in perturbative quantum field theory.…
Starting with an exposition of the Hopf algebra structure of generic graphs, it reviews and summarizes the existing literature. It then applies this Hopf algebraic structure to the combinatorics of graphical enumeration for the first time, and introduces a novel method of asymptotic analysis to answer asymptotic questions. This major breakthrough has combinatorial applications far beyond the analysis of graphical enumeration. The book also provides detailed examples for the asymptotics of renormalizable quantum field theories, which underlie the Standard Model of particle physics. A deeper analysis of such renormalizable field theories reveals their algebraic lattice structure. The pedagogical presentation allows readers to apply these new methods to other problems, making this thesis a future classic for the study of asymptotic problems in quantum fields, network theory and far beyond.This thesis describes the structures of six-dimensional (6d) superconformal field theories and its torus compactifications. The first half summarizes various…
aspects of 6d field theories, while the latter half investigates torus compactifications of these theories, and relates them to four-dimensional superconformal field theories in the class, called class S. It is known that compactifications of 6d conformal field theories with maximal supersymmetries provide numerous insights into four-dimensional superconformal field theories. This thesis generalizes the story to the theories with smaller supersymmetry, constructing those six-dimensional theories as brane configurations in the M-theory, and highlighting the importance of fractionalization of M5-branes. This result establishes new dualities between the theories with eight supercharges.Reality and Measurement in Algebraic Quantum Theory: Nagoya, Japan, March 9-13 2015 (Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics #261)
By Miklós Rédei, Francesco Buscemi, Jeremy Butterfield, Masanao Ozawa, Hans Halvorson, Yuichiro Kitajima. 2018
This volume contains papers based on presentations at the “Nagoya Winter Workshop 2015: Reality and Measurement in Algebraic Quantum Theory…
(NWW 2015)”, held in Nagoya, Japan, in March 2015. The foundations of quantum theory have been a source of mysteries, puzzles, and confusions, and have encouraged innovations in mathematical languages to describe, analyze, and delineate this wonderland. Both ontological and epistemological questions about quantum reality and measurement have been placed in the center of the mysteries explored originally by Bohr, Heisenberg, Einstein, and Schrödinger. This volume describes how those traditional problems are nowadays explored from the most advanced perspectives. It includes new research results in quantum information theory, quantum measurement theory, information thermodynamics, operator algebraic and category theoretical foundations of quantum theory, and the interplay between experimental and theoretical investigations on the uncertainty principle. This book is suitable for a broad audience of mathematicians, theoretical and experimental physicists, and philosophers of science.This monograph develops a new way of justifying the claims made by science about phenomenon not directly observable by humans,…
such as atoms and black holes. It details a way of making inferences to the existence and properties of unobservable entities and states of affairs that can be given a probabilistic justification. The inferences used to establish realist claims are not a form of, and neither do they rely on, inference to the best explanation. Scientific Realism maintains that scientific theories and hypotheses refer to real entities, forces, and relations, even if one cannot examine them. But, there are those who doubt these claims. The author develops a novel way of defending Scientific Realism against a range of influential attacks. He argues that in some cases, at least, we can make probabilistically justifiable inferences from observed data to claims about unobservable, theoretical entities. He shows how this enables us to place some scientific realist claims on a firmer epistemological footing than has previously been the case. This also makes it possible to give a unified set of replies to the most common objections to Scientific Realism. The final chapters apply the developed conceptual apparatus to key cases from the history of science and from recent science. One example concerns realism with respect to atoms. Another looks at inferences from recent astronomical data to conclusions about the size and shape of those parts of the universe lying beyond that which we can observe.Urknall, Sterne, Schwarze Löcher: Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft des Universums
By Dominik Els sser. 2019
Mit diesem Buch begeben Sie sich auf eine Reise vom Beginn des Universums in die ferne Zukunft: Was ist Zeit?…
Kann man den Urknall sehen? Wie funktioniert Inflation? Wie entstehen Sterne? Wie untersucht man Exoplaneten? Wie sieht die Zukunft des Universums aus? Kann die Zeit enden?Fünfzehn allgemeinverständliche Beiträge aus Spektrum der Wissenschaft und Sterne und Weltraum bieten dem Leser einen vielfältigen Blick auf unser Universum: der erste Teil der Beiträge beschäftigt sich mit dem frühen Universum, mit Zeit, Urknall, Inflation und Dunkler Materie. Der zweite Teil stellt die Gegenwart in den Vordergrund und beleuchtet unter anderem die ersten Sterne und ihre Entwicklung, Exoplaneten und supermassereiche Schwarze Löcher. Im abschließenden Teil widmen die Autoren sich den Fragen, welche Zukunft die Sterne im Universum haben und welche Rolle die Dunkle Energie für den Fortgang des Universums, in dem wir leben, spielt.Incident on Simpac III: A Scientific Novel (Science and Fiction)
By Doug Brugge. 2018
A few hundred years into the future, a wave of space colonization follows a disastrous earlier attempt to inhabit nearby…
extrasolar planets. It is guided by a new computational method based on massive data-driven socio-cultural and socio-epidemiological modeling and using novel biological computers, fed with data on Earth’s history of successes and failures. Yet, in the newly settled Simpac system, some unexpected and worrying anomalies begin cropping up, making an urgent expedition to the system necessary: is it the underlying data, the computations, or is some unknown entity tampering with the space colonization program? A race against time ensues as the lives of four strangers begin to converge. While grounded in the social systems aspect, the author posits that the future is likely to be characterized by more biology-based tools than most contemporary science fiction – which most often relies entirely on non-biological hardware in terms of advanced technologies – predicts. The result is an entertaining and skillful blend of thriller and SF, complemented by a nontechnical appendix describing the underlying science.Classical and Quantum Molecular Dynamics in NMR Spectra
By Sławomir Szymański, Piotr Bernatowicz. 2018
The book provides a detailed account of how condensed-phase molecular dynamics are reflected in the line shapes of NMR spectra.…
The theories establishing connections between random, time-dependent molecular processes and lineshape effects are exposed in depth. Special emphasis is placed on the theoretical aspects, involving in particular intermolecular processes in solution, and molecular symmetry issues. The Liouville super-operator formalism is briefly introduced and used wherever it is beneficial for the transparency of presentation. The proposed formal descriptions of the discussed problems are sufficiently detailed to be implemented on a computer. Practical applications of the theory in solid- and liquid-phase studies are illustrated with appropriate experimental examples, exposing the potential of the lineshape method in elucidating molecular dynamics NMR-observable molecular phenomena where quantization of the spatial nuclear degrees of freedom is crucial are addressed in the last part of the book. As an introduction to this exciting research field, selected aspects of the quantum mechanics of isolated systems undergoing rotational tunnelling are reviewed, together with some basic information about quantum systems interacting with their condensed environment. The quantum theory of rate processes evidenced in the NMR lineshapes of molecular rotors is presented, and illustrated with appropriate experimental examples from both solid- and liquid-phase spectra. In this context, the everlasting problem of the quantum-to-classical transition is discussed at a quantitative level. The book will be suitable for graduate students and new and practising researchers using NMR techniques.How to Pass Higher Physics: Second Edition
By Paul Chambers, Douglas Gavin. 2019
Exam Board: SQA Level: Higher Subject: Physics First Teaching: August 2018 First Exam: May 2019Get your best grade with comprehensive…
course notes and advice from Scotland's top experts, fully updated for the latest changes to SQA Higher assessment. How to Pass Higher Physics Second Edition contains all the advice and support you need to revise successfully for your Higher exam. It combines an overview of the course syllabus with advice from top experts on how to improve exam performance, so you have the best chance of success.- Revise confidently with up-to-date guidance tailored to the latest SQA assessment changes - Refresh your knowledge with comprehensive, tailored subject notes- Prepare for the exam with top tips and hints on revision techniques- Get your best grade with advice on how to gain those vital extra marksA New Platform for Edge Mode Manipulations in the Quantum Hall Effect (Springer Theses)
By Yonatan Cohen. 2018
In the last several decades, the quantum Hall effect has provided a remarkable platform for manipulating one-dimensional electronic modes and…
investigating fundamental physical phenomena. However, certain limitations make it difficult for various kinds of interesting modes structures to be formed using this platform. One example is the so called helical mode structure, in which two one-dimensional, counter propagating modes have opposite spins and thus spin and momentum are locked. Such helical modes have lately attracted significant interest, since, when coupled to a conventional superconductor, they are expected to manifest topological superconductivity and host Majorana zero modes. Even more interesting are fractional helical modes, which open the way for realizing generalized parafermionic zero modes. Possessing non-abelian exchange statistics, these quasiparticles may serve as building blocks in topological quantum computing. Here we present a new platform for manipulating integer and fractional quantum Hall edge modes, which allows the formation of robust one-dimensional helical as well as fractional helical modes. The platform is based on a carefully designed double-quantum-well structure in a GaAs based system hosting two electronic sub-bands in the quantum Hall effect regime. By electrostatic gating of different areas of the structure, counter-propagating integer, as well as fractional, edge modes with opposite spins are formed and their spin protection is verified. Beyond the formation of helical modes, the new platform can serve as a rich playground for new research. Some new possibilities include the artificial induction of compounded fractional edge modes and the construction of new edge mode-based interferometers.