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Nutritional Management of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
By Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan. 2016
This book is a state-of-the art review for clinicians and dieticians with an interest in nutrition and inflammatory bowel diseases…
(Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis). The volume covers new data about dietary risk factors for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, examines the association between diet and microbiome, describes the various diets in the management of these diseases, and discusses macro- and micronutrient deficiency that occurs in such patients. The book also examines the management of patients on total parenteral nutrition, and management of the short gut syndrome with TPN and novel pharmacologic therapies. Written by experts in their fields, Nutritional Management of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Comprehensive Guide is a valuable and uniquely specialized resource for gastroenterologists, nutritionists, primary care physicians, and other health care providers and researchers dealing with the management of these complex illnesses.Ethical Issues in Prison Psychiatry
By Birgit Völlm, David N. Weisstub, Norbert Konrad. 2014
Recent surveys demonstrate a high and possibly increasing prevalence of mental disorders in prisoners. They have an increased risk of…
suffering from a mental disorder that transcends countries and diagnoses. Ethical dilemmas in prison psychiatry arise from resource allocation and include issues of patient choice and autonomy in an inherently coercive environment. Ethical conflicts may arise from the dual role of forensic psychiatrists giving raise to tensions between patient care/protection of the public.This book describes models and ethical issues of psychiatric healthcare in prison in several countries. Relevant issues are: the professional medical role of a psychiatrist and/or psychotherapist working in prison, the involvement of psychiatrists in disciplinary or coercive measures; consent to treatment, the use of coercion in forcing a prisoner to undergo treatment, hunger strike, confidentiality. The book ends with consensus guidelines concerning good practice in Prison Psychiatry.The Caregivers
By Nell Lake. 2014
A moving, intimate, and compassionate book that chronicles the experiences of a group of long-term caregivers and illuminates critical issues…
of old age, end-of-life care, medical reform, and social policy In 2010, journalist Nell Lake began sitting in on the weekly meetings of a local hospital's caregivers support group. Soon members invited her into their lives. For two years, she brought empathy, insight, and an eye for detail to understanding Penny, a fifty-year-old botanist caring for her aging mother; Daniel, a survivor of Nazi Germany who tends his ailing wife; William, whose wife suffers from Alzheimer's; and others with whom all caregivers will identify. Witnessing acts of devotion and frustration, lessons in patience and in letting go, Lake illuminates the intimate exchanges of caregiving and carereceiving. Her work considers important and timely social issues with humanity, warmth, and concern: How can we care for the aging, ill, and dying with skill and compassion, even as the costs and labors of care increase? How might the medical profession take into account the needs of caregivers as well as patients? Nell Lake understands that broad policy questions are experienced personally, in the daily, difficult but rewarding lives of caregivers everywhere. The Caregivers is a thoughtful and tenderly reported depiction of the real-life predicaments that evoke these crucial questions. With more and more people spending their late years ill and frail, and 43 million Americans caring for family members over age fifty, The Caregivers is an important chronicle of a widely shared experience and a public concern. It offers a humane, realistic, and life-affirming portrait of what it means to give and receive love.How Modeling Can Inform Strategies to Improve Population Health: Workshop Summary
By National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, Medicine. 2016
In April 2015, the Institute of Medicine convened a workshop to explore the potential uses of simulation and other types…
of modeling for the purpose of selecting and refining potential strategies, ranging from interventions to investments, to improve the health of communities and the nation's health. Participants worked to identify how modeling could inform population health decision making based on lessons learned from models that have been, or have not been, used successfully, opportunities and barriers to incorporating models into decision making, and data needs and opportunities to leverage existing data and to collect new data for modeling. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from this workshop.Rechtsfragen der Obduktion und postmortalen Gewebespende
By Albrecht Wienke, Kathrin Janke, Markus A. Rothschild. 2011
Bei über 95 % aller Verstorbenen in Deutschland bestehen nach wie vor keine autoptisch gesicherten Erkenntnisse über die eigentliche Todesursache…
und etwaige Begleiterkrankungen. Die auf einer solchen unsicheren Datenlage beruhenden gesundheitspolitischen Entscheidungen zu Disease-Management-Programmen, zu Prävention und strukturellen Maßnahmen der Krankenversorgung entsprechen damit nicht der erforderlichen Evidenz. Dies hat zugleich negative Auswirkungen auf die Qualität ärztlicher Diagnostik und Therapie und somit auf die Patientensicherheit. Zudem machen es die sehr unterschiedlichen Rechtsgrundlagen in den Landesgesetzen über das Leichen-, Bestattungs- und Friedhofswesen den betroffenen Angehörigen und den Mediziner in der praktischen Umsetzung der oft widerstreitenden Interessen nicht leicht. Die klinische und anatomische Sektion ist nach derzeit allgemeiner Meinung auch im wissenschaftlichen Interesse oder zu Ausbildungszwecken ohne Zustimmung des Verstorbenen oder seiner Angehörigen unzulässig. Die medizinische Forschungs- und Ausbildungssituation wird durch diese Zustimmungslösung nachhaltig beeinträchtigt; eine erweiterte Widerspruchslösung könnte hierbei viele Hindernisse in der praktischen Handhabung beseitigen. Die DGMR hat sich in ihren aktuellen Empfehlungen daher für eine gesetzliche Abkopplung der postmortalen Gewebespende von der Organtransplantation im Transplantationsgesetz ausgesprochen, um die seit Jahren niedrige Obduktionsquote in Deutschland nachhaltig zu verbessern. Der vorliegende Tagungsband gibt die Referate und die Empfehlungen der DGMR zur Obduktion und postmortalen Gewebespende wieder.Pediatric Tricky Topics, Volume 2
By Christine M. Houser. 2016
With hundreds of question and answer items and bite-sized chunks of information that can be read and processed easily, reviewing…
for the pediatric board exams - or just brushing up in your spare time - has never been easier. Pediatric Tricky Topics, Volume 2: A Practically Painless Review includes review items in pediatric immunology, hematology, oncology, nephrology, urology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, and gynecology, among others. Selected expanded sections provide more in-depth information, while the Q&A format allows for self-testing or study with a partner or a group and is practical and accessible enough to dip into during a few minutes of downtime at the hospital or office. As such, it is suitable for those studying for the pediatric board exam, practicing physicians brushing up their skills, and any busy medical student, nurse or clinician who wants to learn more about these topics while on the go.The Politics of Pharmaceutical Policy Reform
By Elize Massard da Fonseca. 2015
Brazil is renowned worldwide for its remarkable reforms in pharmaceutical regulation, which have enhanced access to essential medicines while lowering…
drug costs. This book innovates by analysing the generic drug reform in Brazil, demonstrating that pharmaceutical regulation is only partially influenced by non-state actors. Little is known about the institutional antecedents and policy process that channeled this regulatory reform. This is particularly intriguing because a regulatory shift in the pharmaceutical sector requires the participation of a number of stakeholders and interest groups in the policy process. Fonseca examines the generic drug reform's causes and consequences. No study has approached the generic drug regulation in Brazil from this perspective. The Politics of Pharmaceutical Policy Reform: A Study of Generic Drug Regulation in Brazil, explores the following: · The politics of pharmaceutical regulation in Brazil over the last 25 years. · The political negotiations to approve the Generic Drug Act, which involved a hard-to-reach agreement between the pharmaceutical industry (national and multinational), the Ministry of Health, and Congress · The controversial decisions to regulate packaging and pharmaceutical equivalence. · The surprising success of Brazilian pharmaceutical firms, which became market champions in a sector largely dominated by multinational firms. · Comparative lessons from the Brazilian case for the political construction of regulatory standards to regulate generic drugs and its effects on global health. This book will interest political scientists and health policy scholars concerned with the political conflicts in the pharmaceutical sector. It argues against well-established approaches to regulatory capture such as control of the regulatory process by interest groups and policy diffusion. It can be used as evidence for graduate courses in public policy, health policy and political science. Because Brazil is one of the largest markets for pharmaceuticals in the world, business leaders and consultancy firms would also be interested.The Sports Doping Market
By Letizia Paoli, Alessandro Donati. 2014
This book examines sports doping from production and distribution, detection and punishment. Detailing the daily operations of the trade and…
its gray area as a semi-legal market, the authors cover important issues ranging from athletes most at risk to the role of organized crime in sports doping, and whether sports governing bodies are enabling the trade. Challenges for law enforcement and legislation, and efforts to control PED use in the worldwide sports community and among aspiring athletes, are also discussed in depth. The book's extensive research:* Estimates the demand for performance-enhancing products. * Traces the route from legal substances to illegal uses. * Identifies classes of suppliers and their methods of operation. * Tracks typical distribution systems from suppliers to users. * Examines the economics of the market: prices, profits, revenue. * Assesses the state of anti-doping law enforcement efforts. Starting with an unprecedented case study in Italy, the intense scrutiny from one pivotal country yields a potential template for research and policy on a world scale. Doping and Sport makes solid contributions to the work of researchers in criminology and criminal justice, particularly with an interest in corruption, drug trafficking, and criminal networks; researchers in sports science and public health; and policymakers.The Role of Bacteria in Urology
By Dirk Lange, Ben Chew. 2015
The aim of this book is to educate clinicians and basic scientists in the multiple roles that bacteria have as…
causative as well as therapeutic agents in urologic disease. Within this scope, clinicians will be introduced and educated about the basic mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis that lead to disease, as well as the non-pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to the prevention and treatment of patients. Conversely, basic scientists will be educated about the clinical implications of bacterial based therapeutics and infections. By combining the basic science and clinical views, this book will serve to bring both basic scientists and clinicians onto an even plain that may raise ideas for future collaborative research.Obstetrics in Family Medicine
By Paul Lyons. 2015
This book surveys the normal obstetrics encountered in primary care and serves as a practical guide to the evaluation and…
management of common prenatal, peripartum and postpartum complications. Thoroughly revised and updated, Obstetrics in Family Medicine, Second Edition, addresses the major issues and problems related to each stage and outlines management protocols. It provides critical information about physical and ultrasound examinations, laboratory tests, drug toxicities, and screening techniques and highlights new and emerging areas of obstetrical care, such as prenatal testing protocols, treatment options for HIV in pregnancy and antenatal monitoring. Key points for each topic are summarized in tabular form for quick reference and diagnostic flow charts illuminate all aspects of the decision-making process. Concise and clinically oriented, this book is designed to help primary and family medicine physicians improve the quality of women's health care.Is this Cell a Human Being?
By Antoine Suarez, Joachim Huarte. 2010
The central question of this book is whether or not particular cell entities of human origin ought to be considered…
human beings. The answer is crucial for making moral decisions for or against research and experimentation. Experts in the field discuss the production of embryonic-like pluripotent stem cells by altered nuclear transfer, parthenogenesis and reprogramming of adult somatic cells. They thoroughly analyse the biological and moral status of different cell entities, such as human stem cells, embryos and human-animal hybrid embryos, and make a decisive step towards establishing final criteria for what constitutes a human being. The topic is challenging in nature and of broad interest to all those concerned with current bioethical thought on embryonic human life and its implications for society.Health Care in Eleventh-Century China
By Nathan Sivin. 2015
By examining all the prevalent varieties of therapy from self-care to religious ritual, this book explores health care practices in…
China, before modern times. In ancient China most people were unable to afford a doctor, even in the unlikely case that one lived near their village and was willing to treat peasants. What did they do when their children got sick? The answer is to be found in this book, which goes far beyond the history of medicine. The author uses methods of medical anthropology to explain the curative roles of popular religion, Daoism, Buddhism and the therapeutic rites performed by imperial officials. Readers will discover the steady interaction of religious healing and classical medicine in this culture. This highly readable book builds on over forty years of study and analysis of early liturgical and medical writings and a wide variety of other sources. Its focus on the eleventh century throws new light on a period of rapid transition in many aspects of therapy and it will appeal to scholars and general readers alike.Women, Motherhood and Living with HIV/AIDS: A Cross-Cultural Perspective
By Pranee Liamputtong. 2013
There are about 34 million people worldwide living with HIV/AIDS. Half are women. There has been a dramatic global increase…
in the rates of women living with HIV/AIDS. Among young women, especially in developing countries, infection rates are rapidly increasing. Many of these women are also mothers with young infants. When a woman is labeled as having HIV, she is treated with suspicion and her morality is being questioned. Previous research has suggested that women living with HIV/AIDS can be affected by delay in diagnosis, inferior access to health care services, internalized stigma and a poor utilization of health services. This makes it extremely difficult for women to take care of their own health needs. Women are also reluctant to disclose their HIV-positive status as they fear this may result in physical feelings of shame, social ostracism, violence, or expulsion from home. Women living with HIV/AIDS who are also mothers carry a particularly heavy burden of being HIV-infected. This unique book attempts to put together results from empirical research and focuses on issues relevant to women, motherhood and living with HIV/AIDS which have occurred to individual women in different parts of the globe. The book comprises chapters written by researchers who carry out their projects in different parts of the world, and each chapter contains empirical information based on real life situations. This can be used as evidence for health care providers to implement socially and culturally appropriate services to assist individuals and groups who are living with HIV/AIDS in many societies. The book is of interest to scholars and students in the domains of anthropology, sociology, social work, nursing, public health & medicine and health professionals who have a specific interest in issues concerning women who are mothers and living with HIV/AIDS from cross-cultural perspective.Molecular Aspects of Iron Metabolism in Pathogenic and Symbiotic Plant-Microbe Associations
By Dominique Expert, Mark R. O'Brian. 2011
Iron plays a key role in biology as essential cofactor of numerous proteins. However, since it is only slightly soluble…
its bioavailability can be readily compromised under aerobic conditions. Moreover, due to its ability to catalyze the generation of free radicals, iron can also be toxic. Thus, it doesn't surprise that living organisms have developed sophisticated means for acquiring iron whilst tightly controlling the intracellular concentrations of this metal in response to environmental conditions. Also, the critical role of iron has long been acknowledged in host vertebrate-parasite relationships where both partners compete for the acquisition of this essential element and activate complex signaling cascades to control their iron homeostasis during infection. Following the great interest that the mechanisms regulating the acquisition of iron and the control of iron homeostasis have generated among researchers studying plant-pathogen and legume-rhizobia interactions, this book offers a comprehensive analysis of irons' various roles in the plant-microbial associations. The introductory chapter stresses the essentiality of iron in biological systems. The second chapter surveys the abundance of information on iron's pivotal role in microbial plant pathogenesis and defence. Finally, the third chapter reviews the advances in our understanding of iron metabolism in the rhizobia, soil bacteria able to establish a symbiotic association with legumes and carry out nitrogen fixation. Molecular Aspects of Iron Metabolism in Pathogenic and Symbiotic Plant-Microbe Associations is a valuable resource to microbiologists, pathologists and scientists interested in iron uptake and metabolism in microbial pathogenesis, rhizobia legume associations, and plant physiology and immunity.Essentials of Pediatric Radiology
By Heike E. Daldrup-Link, Charles A. Gooding. 2010
Unlike most existing textbooks on the economic history of modern Europe, which offer a country-by-country approach, The Cambridge Economic History…
of Modern Europe rethinks Europe's economic history since 1700 as unified and pan-European, with the material organized by topic rather than by country. This second volume tracks Europe's economic history through three major phases since 1870. The first phase was an age of globalization and of European economic and political dominance that lasted until the First World War. The second, from 1914 to 1945, was one of war, deglobalization, and depression and the third was one of growing integration not only within Europe but also between Europe and the global economy. Leading authors offer comprehensive and accessible introductions to these patterns of globalization and deglobalization as well as to key themes in modern economic history such as economic growth, business cycles, sectoral developments, and population and living standards.Your Pregnancy, Your Way: Everything You Need to Know about Natural Pregnancy and Childbirth
By Allison Hill, Sheila Curry Oakes. 2017
AÂ fresh perspective on traditional and natural pregnancies/childbirth, addressing the biggest myths and realities, highlighting the medical data behind the…
most common questions from patients who are looking to achieve a natural pregnancy, explaining the most common medical interventions and how to avoid them safely, and offering tips on how to select a health-care provider and birth setting that helps to achieve your goal of natural childbirth.Inflammation and Lung Cancer
By Steven M. Dubinett. 2015
In recent years there have been various discoveries connecting inflammation and lung cancer and clearly there is growing interest in…
this area of cancer research. The link between unresolved inflammation and cancer has been well established with estimates that 15% of cancer deaths are inflammationrelated. Evidence for this link includes the following: a) some inflammatory diseases are associated with increased risk of cancer development; b) inflammatory mediators are present surrounding and within most tumors; c) overexpression of inflammatory cytokines increases cancer development and progression in murine studies; d) inhibition of inflammatory mediators decreases cancer development and progression; and e) the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been found to decrease cancer incidence and delay progression. The volume will present aspects of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME), its many roles in tumor progression and metastasis, including creation of a hypoxic environment, increased angiogenesis and invasion, changes in expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and an increase in a stem cell phenotype. The book will also cover the mechanisms of inflammatory mediators. Chronic overexpression of inflammatory mediators in the TME, as seen in smokers and patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), can also lead to increased tumor initiation, progression, invasion and metastasis. The volume will provide a comprehensive perspective of the latest findings and summaries of progress made regarding inflammation and its connection to lung cancer.Gene-Environment Interplay in Interpersonal Relationships across the Lifespan
By Briana N. Horwitz, Jenae M. Neiderhiser. 2015
Intriguing new findings on how genes and environments work together through different stages of life take the spotlight in this…
significant collection. Studies from infancy to late adulthood show both forces as shaping individuals' relationships within family and non-family contexts, and examine how these relationships, in turn, continue to shape the individual. Transitional periods, in which individuals become more autonomous and relationships and personal identities become more complicated, receive special emphasis. In addition, chapters shed light on the extent to which the quantity and quality of genetic and environmental influence may shift across and even within life stages. Included in the coverage: Gene-environment interplay in parenting young children. The sibling relationship as a source of shared environment. Gene-environment transactions in childhood and adolescent problematic peer relationships. Toward a developmentally sensitive and genetically informed perspective on popularity. Spouse, parent, and co-worker: roles and relationships in adulthood. The family system as a unit of clinical care: the role of genetic systems. Behavioral geneticists, clinical psychologists, and family therapists will find in Gene-Environment Interplay in Interpersonal Relationships across the Lifespan a window into current thinking on the subject, new perspectives for understanding clients and cases, and ideas for further study.Pulmonary Function
By Mieczyslaw Pokorski. 2015
The book discusses new concepts and findings in the field of pulmonary function. This function is notably associated with spirometry…
and gas exchange at the lungs. The technique of spirometry, its clinical meaning, and reference values have all been refined over decades of its use. Although spirometry remains ancillary in diagnosis-making, it seems hardly replaceable in monitoring of lung disease progression and treatment efficacy. Pulmonary function goes far beyond spirometry. It encompasses interactions with the cardiovascular system, sleep disordered breathing, etiological factors like occupational bio aerosol exposure or cigarette smoke related issues. Pulmonary function may crumple in any respiratory ailment, the case in point being all too often respiratory tract infections. Chapters contribute to the latest thinking on molecular mechanisms underpinning pulmonary function, on patient care and attempt to keep up-to-date with current clinical and research progress. The book will be of interest to both clinicians and biomedical researchers.Comparative Governance
By Peters, Jon Pierre, B. Guy. 2016
Why do some policies succeed so well while others, in the same sector or country, fail dramatically? The aim of…
this book is to answer this question and provide systematic research on the nature, sources and consequences of policy failure. The expert