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The Workers' Festival
By Steve Penfold, Craig Heron. 2005
For most Canadians today, Labour Day is the last gasp of summer fun: the final long weekend before returning to…
the everyday routine of work or school. But over its century-long history, there was much more to the September holiday than just having a day off.In The Workers' Festival, Craig Heron and Steve Penfold examine the complicated history of Labour Day from its origins as a spectacle of skilled workers in the 1880s through its declaration as a national statutory holiday in 1894 to its reinvention through the twentieth century. The holiday's inventors hoped to blend labour solidarity, community celebration, and increased leisure time by organizing parades, picnics, speeches, and other forms of respectable leisure. As the holiday has evolved, so too have the rituals, with trade unionists embracing new forms of parading, negotiating, and bargaining, and other social groups re-shaping it and making it their own. Heron and Penfold also examine how Labour Day's monopoly as the workers' holiday has been challenged since its founding, with alternative festivals arising such as May Day and International Women's Day.The Workers' Festival ranges widely into many key themes of labour history - union politics and rivalries, radical movements, religion (Catholic and Protestant), race and gender, and consumerism/leisure - as well as cultural history - public celebration/urban procession, urban space and communication, and popular culture. From St. John's to Victoria, the authors follow the century-long development of the holiday in all its varied forms.Blood, Sweat, and Cheers
By Colin Howell. 2001
Blood, Sweat, and Cheers looks at the contribution of sport to the making of the Canadian nation, focusing on the…
gradual transition from rural sporting practices to the emphasis on contemporary team sports that accompanied the industrial and urban transition. The book also analyzes sport's pre-eminent place in our contemporary consumer-oriented culture, and the sometimes ambivalent contribution of sport to a sense of Canadian identity. Intended as an introduction to the way in which social historians approach the history of sport, rather than as an exhaustive narrative of our sporting heritage, Colin Howell introduces readers to a number of important issues, including amateurism and professionalism, race and ethnicity, regionalism and nationalism, the impact of British and American sporting traditions upon Canadian sporting life, and the contemporary meaning of sport in a globalizing capitalist economy. He also investigates discourses about respectability and the display of the body, gender construction and sexual identities, the changing nature of the sporting marketplace over time, as well as the involvement of spectators, the media, and the state in the production of our national sporting life.While theoretical in approach, Blood, Sweat and Cheers also looks at the accomplishments of individual athletes, including Ned Hanlan, Maurice Richard, Barbara Ann Scott, Wayne Gretzky, and Donovan Bailey, as well as major sports teams, and covers a wide array of activities from hunting, rodeo, and native sporting traditions to those associated with the Olympic Games.A Frenchman in Search of Franklin: De Bray's Arctic Journal, 1852-1854
By Emile Frédéric de Bray. 1992
In April 1852 Emile Frederic de Bray sailed down the Thames on board the Resolute, part of Sie Edward Belcher's…
Arctic Squadron in search of Sir John Franklin and his men, missing since the summer of 1845. De Bray's diaries of his years with Resolute have not been published before, in any language, and only one other account of this particular Franklin search expedition exists. Enseigne-de-vaisseau de Bray, seconded at his own request from the French navy, was something of a rarity among those who made up the search parties: he was not British. (One of his shipmates hopes for the best: 'The Frenchman does not seem an Englishman,' he observed, 'but I suppose he will improve on acquaintance.') Cape de Bray on the northwest coast of Melville Island commemorates the efforts of this intrepid French officer, who gained the respect of his fellows, was made an officer of the Legion d'Honneur by Napolean III, and was awarded the Arctic Medal by Queen Victoria. William Barr provides an introduction, postscript, and extensive notes, placing de Bray and the expedition in context. This volume tells us much about the life the Europeans led in the unexplored and frozen northern waters.Reflections on Native-Newcomer Relations
By J. R. Miller. 2004
The twelve essays that make up Reflections on Native-Newcomer Relations illustrate the development in thought by one of Canada's leading…
scholars in the field of Native history - J.R. Miller. The collection, comprising pieces that were written over a period spanning nearly two decades, deals with the evolution of historical writing on First Nations and Métis, methodological issues in the writing of Native-newcomer history, policy matters including residential schools, and linkages between the study of Native-newcomer relations and academic governance and curricular matters. Half of the essays appear here in print for the first time, and all use archival, published, and oral history evidence to throw light on Native-Newcomer relations.Miller argues that the nature of the relationship between Native peoples and newcomers in Canada has varied over time, based on the reasons the two parties have had for interacting. The relationship deteriorates into attempts to control and coerce Natives during periods in which newcomers do not perceive them as directly useful, and it improves when the two parties have positive reasons for cooperation. Reflections on Native-Newcomer Relations opens up for discussion a series of issues in Native-newcomer history. It addresses all the trends in the discipline of the past two decades and never shies from showing their contradictions, as well as those in the author's own thinking as he matured as a scholar.The Atlantic Provinces in Confederation
By D. A. Muise, E. R. Forbes. 1993
Canada's four easternmost provinces, while richly diverse in character and history, share many elements of their political and economic experience…
within Confederation. In this volume thirteen leading historians explore the shifting tides of Atlantic Canada's history, beginning with the union of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick with Ontario and Quebec to form the Dominion in 1867. Continuing on through Prince Edward Island's entry into Confederation six years later and Newfoundland's in 1949, they take the story of Atlantic Canada up to the 1980s.Collectively their work sheds light on the complex political dynamic between the region and Ottawa and reveals the roots of current social and economic realities. Fragmentation versus integration, plenty versus scarcity, centre versus periphery, and other models inform their analysis.The development of regional disparity, and responses to it, form a major theme. The tradition of regional protest by Maritimers, and later Atlantic Canadians, runs deep; so does their commitment to the idea of an integrated Canadian nation. Protests, over the decades, have primarily been expressions of frustration at perceived exclusion from the full benefits of national union. The creation of national markets for labour, capital, and goods often operated to their detriment, and political decisions at the national level frequently reinforced rather than alleviated the regional predicament.More than an account of the wealthy and powerful, this book often places ordinary men and women at the centre of the story. Above all, it reveals the resilience of Atlantic Canadians as they have struggled to overcome their problems and to share in the benefits of life in the Canadian community.Ontario Since Confederation
By Lori Chambers, Edgar-Andre Montigny. 2000
Ontario Since Confederation contains some of the most recent scholarship in the field of post-Confederation Ontario history. This comprehensive collection,…
the first of its kind to be published in almost a decade, is intended primarily to introduce students to new areas of debate and new methodologies in Ontario history.The articles range widely over the political, economic, and social history of the province, encompassing both traditional and newly emerging topics. They focus on the theme of 'state and society,' describing and articulating the interactions between social values and ideals, political action, and government bureaucracies from diverse perspectives. The collection raises fundamental questions about the role, nature, and development of the modern bureaucratic state. How pervasive was the influence of the state? Does the state determine or reflect social values? To what degree, and in what manner, could the powers of the state successfully be resisted?Focusing specifically on Ontario history, contributors address the paradoxical relationship between provincial and national history. Some essays explore the influence of the federal government on the province in areas such as pollution management, native rights, and welfare. Other chapters discuss issues of interracial relationships, the family, and unwed motherhood.The variety of topics and approaches represented in this collection attests to the diversity of Ontario and the rich social fabric of its history.Tending the Student Body
By Catherine Gidney. 2015
In the early twentieth century, university administrators and educators regarded bodily health as a marker of an individual's moral and…
mental strength and as a measure of national vitality. Beset by social anxieties about the physical and moral health of their students, they introduced compulsory health services and physical education programs in order to shape their students' character. Tending the Student Body examines the development of these health programs at Canadian universities and the transformation of their goals over the first half of the twentieth century from fostering moral character to promoting individualism, self-realization, and mental health.Drawing on extensive records from Canadian universities, Catherine Gidney examines the gender and class dynamics of these programs, their relationship to changes in medical and intellectual thought, and their contribution to ideas about the nature and fulfilment of the self. Her research will be of interest to historians of medicine, gender, sport, and higher education.The Gold Crusades: A Social History of Gold Rushes, 1849-1929
By Douglas Fetherling. 1997
Among the hordes of starry-eyed 'argonauts' who flocked to the California gold rush of 1849 was an Australian named Edward…
Hargraves. He left America empty-handed, only to find gold in his own backyard. The result was the great Australian rush of the 1850s, which also attracted participants from around the world. A South African named P. J. Marais was one of them. Marais too returned home in defeat - only to set in motion the diamond and gold rushes that transformed southern Africa. And so it went. Most previous historians of the gold rushes have tended to view them as acts of spontaneous nationalism. Each country likes to see its own gold rush as the one that either shaped those that followed or epitomized all the rest. InThe Gold Crusades: A Social History of Gold Rushes, 1849-1929, Douglas Fetherling takes a different approach. Fetherling argues that the gold rushes in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa shared the same causes and results, the same characters and characteristics. He posits that they were in fact a single discontinuous event, an expression of the British imperial experience and nineteenth-century liberalism. He does so with dash and style and with a sharp eye for the telling anecdote, the out-of-the-way document, and the bold connection between seemingly unrelated disciplines. Originally published by Macmillan of Canada, 1988.The Writing on the Wall
By Hilda Glynn-Ward, Patricia Roy. 1974
With tales of a gruesome murder, a typhoid epidemic, corrupt politicians, and a Japanese invasion, The Writing on the Wall…
was intended to shock its readers when it was published in 1921. Thinly disguised as a novel, it is a propaganda tract exhorting white British Columbians to greater vigilance to prevent greedy politicians from selling out to the Chinese and Japanese. It was also designed to convince eastern Canada of British Columbia's need for protections against an onslaught of the 'yellow peril.'This novel is not exceptional in its extreme racism; it reiterates almost every anti-oriental cliché circulating in British Columbia at the time of its publication. While modern readers will find the story horrifying and unbelievable, it is in fact based on real incidents. Many of the views expressed were only exaggerated versions of ideas held throughout the country about non-Anglo-Saxon immigrants. The Writing on the Wall is a vivid illustration of the fear and prejudice with which immigrants were regarded in the early twentieth century.Household Politics
By Magda Fahrni. 2005
The reconstruction of Canadian society in the wake of the Second World War had an enormous impact on all aspects…
of public and private life. For families in Montreal, reconstruction plans included a stable home life hinged on social and economic security, female suffrage, welfare-state measures, and a reasonable cost of living. In Household Politics, Magda Fahrni examines postwar reconstruction from a variety of angles in order to fully convey its significance in the 1940s as differences of class, gender, language, religion, and region naturally produced differing perspectives.Reconstruction was not simply a matter of official policy. Although the government set many of the parameters for public debate, federal projects did not inspire a postwar consensus, and families alternatively embraced, negotiated, or opposed government plans. Through in-depth research from a wide variety of sources, Fahrni brings together family history, social history, and political history to look at a wide variety of Montreal families - French-speaking and English-speaking; Catholic, Protestant, and Jewish - making Household Politics a particularly unique and erudite study.Is God a Racist? The Right Wing in Canada
By Stanley R. Barrett. 1987
‘God is a racist’—so goes a statement published in the literature of the Western Guard, a white-supremacist, anti-semitic group in…
Toronto. It is one of a number of racist organizations that have sprung up in Canada since the Second World War. Stanley Barrett points out in this disquieting study that although many of the principles of such organizations are offensive to the vast majority of Canadians, they represent a growing part of a broader political phenomenon that has recently surfaced in numerous nations. In examining the rise of right wing extremism in Canada, a nation with a traditional reputation for tolerance, Barrett considers a wide range of political convictions, from confessed fascists to essentially ordinary, law-abiding, but highly conservative individuals who are deeply concerned about the future of Western Christian civilization. Barrett’s study, grounded in a scientific tradition that has regularly exposed racial myths, is guided by humanist values that celebrate individual worth. It sheds new light on a growing phenomenon that threatens those values.Women's Work, Markets and Economic Development in Nineteenth-Century Ontario
By Marjorie Griffin Cohen. 1988
Cohen focuses on the productive relations in the family and the significance of women?s labour to the process of capital…
accumulation in both the capitalist sphere and independent commodity production. In this study Marjorie Griffin Cohen argues that in research into Ontario?s economic history the emphasis on market activity has obscured the most prevalent type of productive relations in the staple-exporting economy ? the patriarchal relations of production within the family economy.Cohen focuses on the productive relations in the family and the significance of women?s labour to the process of capital accumulation in both the capitalist sphere and independent commodity production. She shows that while the family economy was based on the mutual dependence of male and female labour, there was not equality in productive relations. The male ownership of capital in the context of the family economy had significant implications for the control over female labour.Among countries which experience industrial development, there are common patterns in the impact of change on women?s work; there are also significant differences. One of the most important of these is the fact that economic development did not result in women?s labour being withdrawn from the social sphere of production. Rather, economic growth has steadily brought women?s productive efforts more directly into the market sphere. In exploring the roots of this development Cohen adds a new dimension to the study of women?s labour history.Saint John: The Making Of A Colonial Urban Community
By T. W. Acheson. 1985
Saint John, New Brunswick, was a small, stagnant mercantile town in 1800. Its character was set by its British garrison,…
a few prominent Loyalist officials, and a small merchant elite. But that character changed quickly and dramatically in the first half of the nineteenth century. T. W. Acheson traces the events that lead to the change and analyses their impact on the community.Doing Good
By J.T.H. Connor. 2000
A history of Toronto's general hospital offers a window on a broader history of Upper Canada and Ontario over the…
last two centuries. In this lively and authoritative account, J.T.H. Connor traces the hospital's two-hundred-year evolution, as its mandate to 'do good' forced constant adjustment to changing social, medical, and government attitudes.Doing Good presents the hospital's history in three phases - roughly speaking, the first and second halves of the nineteenth century, and the twentieth century. From its conception in 1797 to the mid-1850s - it did not actually acquire a home until 1819 nor occupy it until 1829 - it functioned as a charitable institution, catering to the sick poor. It acted initially as a clearing station for sick immigrants; it later was deeply affected by political events and became embroiled in the medical turmoil of Toronto in the 1840s and early 1850s. In the second era, from the mid-1850s, it was a public charity, receiving stable government funding and constructing a new home in eastern Toronto. By the 1870s, it was winning praise as a model hospital.In the twentieth century, it early on established close links with the University of Toronto, building a vast and up-to-date new facility adjacent to the university, which opened in 1913. Its international reputation as an academic hospital grew over the decades to include a high profile in research, most notably in cancer and medical technology. By the 1960s the institution was being run as a public hospital, and the late 1990s saw its absorption into a hospital mega-corporation - the University Health Network - along with three other nearby hospitals.This work is the most comprehensive analysis of any Canadian hospital or health care institution yet to appear. Using trustees' minutes, medical journals, newspapers, and government reports, along with correspondence, photographs, and reminiscences of trustees, nurses, doctors, and patients, Connor offers acute observation and detailed analysis, as well as compelling character studies and revealing anecdotes. Broad in scope and meticulously executed, Doing Good brings vividly to life the day-to-day routines, the behind-the-scenes intrigue, and the people and politics of a great urban hospital.Labour Before the Law
By Judy Fudge, Eric Tucker. 2001
In this groundbreaking study of the relations between workers and the state, Judy Fudge and Eric Tucker examine the legal…
regulation of workers' collective action from 1900 to 1948. They analyze the strikes, violent confrontations, lockouts, union organizing drives, legislative initiatives, and major judicial decisions that transformed the labour relations regime of liberal voluntarism, which prevailed in the later part of the nineteenth century, into industrial voluntarism, whose centrepiece was Mackenzie King's Industrial Disputes Investigation Act of 1907. This period was marked by coercion and compromise, as workers organized and fought to extend their rights against the profit oriented owners of capital, while the state struggled to define a labour regime that contained industrial conflict. The authors then trace the conflicts that eventually produced the industrial pluralism that Canadians have known in more recent years.By 1948 a detailed set of legal rules and procedures had evolved and achieved a hegemonic status that no prior legal regime had even approached. This regime has become so central to our everyday thinking about labour relations that one might be forgiven for thinking that everything that came earlier was, truly, before the law. But, as Labour Before the Law demonstrates, workers who acted collectively prior to 1948 often found themselves before the law, whether appearing before a magistrate charged with causing a disturbance, facing a superior court judge to oppose an injunction, or in front of a board appointed pursuant to a statutory scheme that was investigating a labour dispute and making recommendations for its resolution.The book is simultaneously a history of law, aspects of the state, trade unions and labouring people, and their interaction within the broad and shifting terrain of political economy. The authors are attentive to regional differences and sectoral divergences, and they attempt to address the fragmentation of class experience.Atlantic Canadian Imprints, 1801-1820: A Bibliography
By Patricia Lockhart Fleming. 1991
The first comprehensive analytical bibliography of Atlantic Canadian imprints, this volume covers some 320 books, pamphlets, broadsides, government publications, and…
serials. Most have not been listed before in any bibliography or catalogue. They represent the holdings of more than thirty libraries and archives in the four Atlantic provinces, and in Ontario, Quebec, the United States, and England. Each entry follows the principles of descriptive bibliography and includes full collation, contents, record of paper, type, and binding, analysis of issue and state, and location of every copy examined. Historical notes deal with authorship, printing, publishing, distribution and sales, and with the content of important works and the relationship between items. Arrangement is by province, then by year of publication. The material catalogued encompasses a wide range of subjects. God and government are two of the most common, but there are many others: education, municipal organization, history, elections, transportation, agriculture, legal trials, and a number of societies—benevolent, national, religious, and masonic. There are also many almanacs, including one in German, several satires and addresses in verse, and a French abécédaire. Not surprisingly in a nineteenth-century Maritime bibliography, signal books and decisions about piracy abound. Six indexes provide access by author, title, genre, trades, place of publication, and language. Patricia Fleming’s work continues Marie Tremaine’s A Bibliography of Canadian Imprints, 1751–1800 and supplements that work with new and previously unlocated imprints. It adds an essential element to our understanding of print communication in Atlantic Canada.Sir John Beverley Robinson: Bone and Sinew of the Compact
By Patrick Brode. 1904
John Beverley Robinson (1791-1863) was one of Upper Canada's foremost jurists, a dominating influence on the ruling élite, and a…
leading citizen of nineteenth-century Toronto who owned a vast tract of land on which Osgoode Hall now stands. The loyalists had founded a colony firm in its devotion to the Crown, with little room for dissent. As a true loyalist son, educated by John Strachan, Robinson attempted to steer Upper Canada toward emulation of what he perceived to be Britain's ideal aristocratic society. As a young ensign in the York militia, he defended his sovereign at Queenston Heights, and as acting attorney-general he prosecuted traitors who threatened to undermine the colony. Later, as attorney-general and de facto leader of the assembly during the 1820s, he tried to mould the government to the British form. But factors he never understood--the influence of American democracy and liberalism in the Colonial Office--ensured that Upper Canada would never be a 'new Albion. ' Robinson was appointed chief justice in 1829, and his judicial career spanned thirty-three years, during which he insisted the courts were subservient to the legislature and established precedents declaring their role should be limited to the enforcement of existing laws, with no independent creative function. His long service on the bench represented both a preservation and a strengthening of the British tradition in Canadian law. In this biography, early Toronto comes alive through the eyes of a powerful man--firm in his beliefs, attractive to women, respected by his fellows--who sought to mould society to his own ideals. For historians, lawyers, and students of jurisprudence who seek an understanding of the roots of legal practice in nineteenth-century Ontario, it is essential reading.Remembrance of Patients Past
By Geoffrey Reaume. 2009
In Remembrance of Patients Past, historian Geoffrey Reaume remembers previously forgotten psychiatric patients by examining in rich detail their daily…
life at the Toronto Hospital for the Insane (now called the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health - CAMH) from 1870-1940. Psychiatric patients endured abuse and could lead monotonous lives inside the asylum's walls, yet these same women and men worked hard at unpaid institutional jobs for years and decades on end, created their own entertainment, even in some cases made their own clothes, while forming meaningful relationships with other patients and some staff.Using first person accounts by and about patients - including letters written by inmates which were confiscated by hospital staff - Reaume weaves together a tapestry of stories about the daily lives of people confined behind brick walls that patients themselves built.Gendered Pasts
By Nancy Forestell, Cecilia Morgan, Kathryn Mcpherson. 1999
It is commonplace today to suggest that gender is socially constructed, that the roles women and men fulfill in their…
daily lives have been created and defined for them by society and social institutions. But how have men and women negotiated and navigated the gender roles that have been thrust upon them? With Gendered Pasts, Kathryn McPherson, Cecilia Morgan, and Nancy M. Forestell have collected eleven engaging essays that seek to answer this question in a wide-ranging exploration of specific gendered dimensions of nineteenth- and twentieth-century Canadian history.The contributors cover all manner of topics related to gender and history across Canada, including: female vagrancy; gambling, drinking, and sex; the role of the miner's wife; the portrayal of gay men; and the sharply defined role of nurses. Unusual in its breadth, Gendered Pasts is essential to the understanding of the various threads and themes in Canadian gender history.Previously published by Oxford University Press.Canada 1900-1945
By John English, Robert Bothwell, Ian Drummond. 1987
Through war, depression, and social upheaval, the first half of the twentieth century was a period of unprecedented turbulence in…
Canada. In this lively and contentious survey, Robert Bothwell, lan Drummond, and John English explore the political and economic forces that shaped this era of change.As in their earlier work, the highly acclaimed Canada since 1945, the authors focus on the political context of events. Beginning at the turn of the century, they consider the status of Canada in the empire and the world, the burgeoning growth of its economy, and the development of social and labour problems, up to the eruption of 1914. They discuss the political currents running through Canada during two wars, the interwar economic boom and depression, and the plans for post-war reconstruction, and assess the impact of these and other events on Canada's political, economic, social, and cultural institutions. Disclaimer: Images removed at the request of the rights holder