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Ultrasonic Guided Waves in Solid Media
By Joseph L. Rose. 2014
Ultrasonic guided waves in solid media have become a critically important subject in nondestructive testing and structural health monitoring, as…
new faster, more sensitive, and more economical ways of looking at materials and structures have become possible. This book will lead to fresh creative ideas for use in new inspection procedures. Although the mathematics is sometimes sophisticated, the book can also be read by managers without detailed understanding of the concepts as it can be read from a 'black box' point of view. Overall, the material presented on wave mechanics - in particular, guided wave mechanics - establishes a framework for the creative data collection and signal processing needed to solve many problems using ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation and structural health monitoring. The book can be used as a reference in ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation by professionals and as a textbook for seniors and graduate students. This work extends the coverage of Rose's earlier book Ultrasonic Waves in Solid Media.Physics by Example: 200 Problems and Solutions
By W. G. Rees. 1994
Physics by Example contains two hundred problems from a wide range of key topics, along with detailed, step-by-step solutions. By…
guiding the reader through carefully chosen examples, this book will help to develop skill in manipulating physical concepts. Topics dealt with include: statistical analysis, classical mechanics, gravitation and orbits, special relativity, basic quantum physics, oscillations and waves, optics, electromagnetism, electric circuits, and thermodynamics. There is also a section listing physical constants and other useful data, including a summary of some important mathematical results. In discussing the key factors and most suitable methods of approach for given problems, this book imparts many useful insights, and will be invaluable to anyone taking first or second year undergraduate courses in physics.Broad Bandwidth and High Dimensional Quantum Memory Based on Atomic Ensembles (Springer Theses)
By Dong-Sheng Ding. 2018
This thesis presents an experimental study of quantum memory based on cold atomic ensembles and discusses photonic entanglement …
It mainly focuses on experimental research on storing orbital angular momentum and introduces readers to methods for storing a single photon carried by an image or an entanglement of spatial modes The thesis also discusses the storage of photonic entanglement using the Raman scheme as a step toward implementing high-bandwidth quantum memory The storage of photonic entanglement is central to achieving long-distance quantum communication based on quantum repeaters and scalable linear optical quantum computation Addressing this key issue the findings presented in the thesis are very promising with regard to future high-speed and high-capacity quantum communicationsA Review of NASA Human Research Program's Scientific Merit Processes
By Institute of Medicine, Catharyn T. Liverman, Andrea M. Schultz, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Larisa M. Strawbridge, James A. Pawelczyk, Committee on the Review of NASA Human Research Program's Scientific Merit Assessment Processes. 2012
At the request of NASA, an IOM committee reviewed NASA Human Research Program's (HRP's) Scientific Merit Assessment Processes for directed…
research. Directed research is commissioned or noncompetitively awarded research that is not competitively solicited because of specific reasons, such as time limitations or highly focused or constrained research topics. The scientific merit assessment processes have been developed by NASA to evaluate individual directed research tasks in order to ensure the scientific integrity of the HRP's directed research portfolio. The committee examined the HRP's current scientific merit assessment processes and conducted a public workshop to identify best practices among other federal agencies that use various assessment processes for similar types of directed research. Review of NASA Human Research Program's Scientific Merit Processes: Letter Report finds that the scientific merit assessment process used by the HRP for directed research is scientifically rigorous and is similar to the processes and merit criteria used by many other federal agencies and organizations - including the Department of Defense, National Institutes of Health, and the United States Department of Agriculture - for comparable types of research. This report also makes recommendations on ways to streamline and bolster the accountability and transparency of NASA's current processes.A Certain Uncertainty: Nature's Random Ways
By Mark P. Silverman. 2014
Based around a series of real-life scenarios, this engaging introduction to statistical reasoning will teach you how to apply powerful…
statistical, qualitative and probabilistic tools in a technical context. From analysis of electricity bills, baseball statistics, and stock market fluctuations, through to profound questions about physics of fermions and bosons, decaying nuclei, and climate change, each chapter introduces relevant physical, statistical and mathematical principles step-by-step in an engaging narrative style, helping to develop practical proficiency in the use of probability and statistical reasoning. With numerous illustrations making it easy to focus on the most important information, this insightful book is perfect for students and researchers of any discipline interested in the interwoven tapestry of probability, statistics, and physics.The Physics and Engineering of Compact Quantum Dot-based Lasers for Biophotonics
By Edik U. Rafailov. 2014
Written by a team of European experts in the field, this book addresses the physics, the principles, the engineering methods,…
and the latest developments of efficient and compact ultrafast lasers based on novel quantum-dot structures and devices, as well as their applications in biophotonics.The book is recommended reading for physicists, engineers, students and lecturers in the fields of photonics, optics, laser physics, optoelectronics, and biophotonics.From the contents:* Quantum Dot Technologies* Ultra-Short-Pulse Quantum Dot Edge-Emitting Lasers* Quantum Dot Semiconductor Disk Lasers* Semiconductor Quantum-Dot Saturable Absorber Mirrors for Mode-Locking Solid-State Lasers* Quantum Dot Ultrafast and Continuous Wavelength Laser Diodes for Applications in Biology and MedicineThe neutral theory of molecular evolution
By Motoo Kimura. 1983
Motoo Kimura, as founder of the neutral theory, is uniquely placed to write this book. He first proposed the theory…
in 1968 to explain the unexpectedly high rate of evolutionary change and very large amount of intraspecific variability at the molecular level that had been uncovered by new techniques in molecular biology. The theory - which asserts that the great majority of evolutionary changes at the molecular level are caused not by Darwinian selection but by random drift of selectively neutral mutants - has caused controversy ever since. This book is the first comprehensive treatment of this subject and the author synthesises a wealth of material - ranging from a historical perspective, through recent molecular discoveries, to sophisticated mathematical arguments - all presented in a most lucid manner.Physics and Chemistry of Circumstellar Dust Shells
By Hans-Peter Gail, Erwin Sedlmayr. 2014
Circumstellar dust, the astronomical dust that forms around a star, provides today's researchers with important clues for understanding how the…
Universe has evolved. This volume examines the structure, dynamics and observable consequences of the dust clouds surrounding highly evolved stars on the Giant Branch. Early chapters cover the physical and chemical basis of the formation of dust shells, the outflow of matter, and condensation processes, while offering detailed descriptions of techniques for calculating dust formation and growth. Later chapters showcase a wide range of modeling strategies, including chemical and radiative transfer and dust-induced non-linear dynamics, as well as the latest data obtained from AGB stars and other giants. This volume introduces graduate students and researchers to the theoretical description for modeling the dusty outflows from cool stars and provides a full understanding of the processes involved.Thermodynamics of Surfaces and Interfaces
By Gerald H. Meier. 2014
An accessible yet rigorous discussion of the thermodynamics of surfaces and interfaces, bridging the gap between textbooks and advanced literature…
by delivering a comprehensive guide without an overwhelming amount of mathematics. The book begins with a review of the relevant aspects of the thermodynamics of bulk systems, followed by a description of the thermodynamic variables for surfaces and interfaces. Important surface phenomena are detailed, including wetting, crystalline systems (including grain boundaries), interfaces between different phases, curved interfaces (capillarity), adsorption phenomena and adhesion of surface layers. The later chapters also feature case studies to illustrate real-world applications. Each chapter includes a set of study problems to reinforce the reader's understanding of important concepts. Ideal as an auxiliary text for students and a self-study guide for industry practitioners and academic researchers working across a broad range of materials.Diagrammatica
By Martinus Veltman. 1994
This author provides an easily accessible introduction to quantum field theory via Feynman rules and calculations in particle physics. His…
aim is to make clear what the physical foundations of present-day field theory are, to clarify the physical content of Feynman rules. The book begins with a brief review of some aspects of Einstein's theory of relativity that are of particular importance for field theory, before going on to consider the relativistic quantum mechanics of free particles, interacting fields, and particles with spin. The techniques learnt in the chapters are then demonstrated in examples that might be encountered in real accelerator physics. Further chapters contain discussions of renormalization, massive and massless vector fields and unitarity. A final chapter presents concluding arguments concerning quantum electrodynamics. The book includes valuable appendices that review some essential mathematics, including complex spaces, matrices, the CBH equation, traces and dimensional regularization. An appendix containing a comprehensive summary of the rules and conventions used is followed by an appendix specifying the full Lagrangian of the Standard Model and the corresponding Feynman rules. To make the book useful for a wide audience a final appendix provides a discussion of the metric used, and an easy-to-use dictionary connecting equations written with different metrics. Written as a textbook, many diagrams, exercises and examples are included. This book will be used by beginning graduate students taking courses in particle physics or quantum field theory, as well as by researchers as a source and reference book on Feynman diagrams and rules.Five Billion Years of Solitude
By Lee Billings. 2013
The Angular Momentum of Light
By David L. Andrews, Mohamed Babiker. 2013
Recent developments in the angular momentum of light present fresh challenges to long established concepts and pave the way for…
new and wide-ranging applications. The scope for structured light such as optical vortices, in particular, now extends from microfluidics to quantum information. This is the first comprehensive edited collection dealing with light carrying spin and orbital angular momentum, covering both fundamental and applied aspects. Written by internationally leading specialists, the chapters have been compiled to reflect the latest scientific progress and to address the multitude of theoretical, experimental and technical issues associated with this vibrant and exciting field. The volume is an authoritative reference for academic researchers and graduate students engaged in theoretical or experimental study of optical angular momentum and its applications. It will also benefit professionals in physics, optics and optical engineering, chemistry and biology.Principles of Discrete Time Mechanics
By George Jaroszkiewicz. 2014
Could time be discrete on some unimaginably small scale? Exploring the idea in depth, this unique introduction to discrete time…
mechanics systematically builds the theory up from scratch, beginning with the historical, physical and mathematical background to the chronon hypothesis. Covering classical and quantum discrete time mechanics, this book presents all the tools needed to formulate and develop applications of discrete time mechanics in a number of areas, including spreadsheet mechanics, classical and quantum register mechanics, and classical and quantum mechanics and field theories. A consistent emphasis on contextuality and the observer-system relationship is maintained throughout.An Assessment Of Balance In Nasa's Science Programs
By National Research Council of the National Academies. 2006
When the space exploration initiative was announced, Congress asked the NRC to review the science NASA proposed to carryout under…
the initiative. It also asked the NRC to assess whether this program would provide balanced scientific research across the established disciplines supported by NASA in addition to supporting the new initiative. In 2005, the NRC released three studies focusing on a portion of that task, but changes at NASA forced the postponement of the last phase. This report presents that last phase with an assessment of the health of the NASA scientific disciplines under the budget requests imposed by the exploration initiative. The report also provides an analysis of whether the science budget appropriately reflects cross-disciplinary scientific priorities.Conservation Laws
By Benjamin Crowell.
Exploring Quantum Physics through Hands-on Projects
By David Prutchi, Shanni R. Prutchi. 2012
Build an intuitive understanding of the principles behind quantum mechanics through practical construction and replication of original experiments With easy-to-acquire,…
low-cost materials and basic knowledge of algebra and trigonometry, Exploring Quantum Physics through Hands-on Projects takes readers step by step through the process of re-creating scientific experiments that played an essential role in the creation and development of quantum mechanics. Presented in near chronological order--from discoveries of the early twentieth century to new material on entanglement--this book includes question- and experiment-filled chapters on: Light as a Wave Light as Particles Atoms and Radioactivity The Principle of Quantum Physics Wave/Particle Duality The Uncertainty Principle Schrödinger (and his Zombie Cat) Entanglement From simple measurements of Planck's constant to testing violations of Bell's inequalities using entangled photons, Exploring Quantum Physics through Hands-on Projects not only immerses readers in the process of quantum mechanics, it provides insight into the history of the field--how the theories and discoveries apply to our world not only today, but also tomorrow. By immersing readers in groundbreaking experiments that can be performed at home, school, or in the lab, this first-ever, hands-on book successfully demystifies the world of quantum physics for all who seek to explore it--from science enthusiasts and undergrad physics students to practicing physicists and engineers.Research on Power-Frequency Fields: Completed Under the Energy Policy Act of 1992
By National Research Council. 1999
Inorganic Glasses for Photonics: Fundamentals, Engineering, and Applications
By Peter Capper, Safa Kasap, Arthur Willoughby, Animesh A. Jha. 2016
Advanced textbook on inrganis glasses suitable for both undergraduates and researchers. Engaging style to facilitate understanding Suitable for senior undergraduates,…
postgraduates and researchers entering material science, engineering, physics, chemistry, optics and photonics fields Discusses new techniques in optics and photonics including updates on diagnostic techniques Comprehensive and logically structuredNuclear Physics
By The Committee on the Assessment of, Outlook for Nuclear Physics. 2013
The principal goals of the study were to articulate the scientific rationale and objectives of the field and then to…
take a long-term strategic view of U. S. nuclear science in the global context for setting future directions for the field. Nuclear Physics: Exploring the Heart of Matter provides a long-term assessment of an outlook for nuclear physics. The first phase of the report articulates the scientific rationale and objectives of the field, while the second phase provides a global context for the field and its long-term priorities and proposes a framework for progress through 2020 and beyond. In the second phase of the study, also developing a framework for progress through 2020 and beyond, the committee carefully considered the balance between universities and government facilities in terms of research and workforce development and the role of international collaborations in leveraging future investments. Nuclear physics today is a diverse field, encompassing research that spans dimensions from a tiny fraction of the volume of the individual particles (neutrons and protons) in the atomic nucleus to the enormous scales of astrophysical objects in the cosmos. Nuclear Physics: Exploring the Heart of Matter explains the research objectives, which include the desire not only to better understand the nature of matter interacting at the nuclear level, but also to describe the state of the universe that existed at the big bang. This report explains how the universe can now be studied in the most advanced colliding-beam accelerators, where strong forces are the dominant interactions, as well as the nature of neutrinos.Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies: Interim Report
By National Research Council of the National Academies. 2009
The United States is currently the only country with an active, government-sponsored effort to detect and track potentially hazardous near-Earth…
objects (NEOs). Congress has mandated that NASA detect and track 90 percent of NEOs that are 1 kilometer in diameter or larger. These objects represent a great potential hazard to life on Earth and could cause global destruction. NASA is close to accomplishing this goal. Congress has more recently mandated that by 2020 NASA should detect and track 90 percent of NEOs that are 140 meters in diameter or larger, a category of objects that is generally recognized to represent a very significant threat to life on Earth if they strike in or near urban areas. Achieving this goal may require the building of one or more additional observatories, possibly including a space-based observatory. Congress directed NASA to ask the National Research Council to review NASA's near-Earth object programs. This interim report addresses some of the issues associated with the survey and detection of NEOs. The final report will contain findings and recommendations for survey and detection, characterization, and mitigation of near-Earth objects based on an integrated assessment of the problem.