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Entomology & Palynology: Evidence From The Natural World (Solving Crimes With Science: Forensics #12)
By Maryalice Walker. 2014
Who committed the crime? When? Even the smallest of witnesses can tell scientists stories that will make or break a…
criminal case. Insects and pollen grains help forensic scientists bring criminals to justice. A suspect escapes a crime scene, leaving not a trace of evidence behind--except for the hind leg of a grasshopper, which helps convict him of murder. A thief runs through a cornfield, relieved that no one saw him commit the crime--unaware of the tiny grains of pollen stuck to his shirt. Plants and insects hold clues to guilt or innocence. Evidence from nature is all around us, silently and swiftly leaving fingerprints, unnoticed by even the most cunning of criminals.DNA Analysis (Solving Crimes With Science: Forensics #12)
By William Hunter. 2014
A flake of skin...a strand of hair...a fleck of saliva...a drop of blood...everywhere we go we leave behind bits of…
ourselves that are as unique as fingerprints. Each cell contains genetic material called DNA, which holds information that scientists can use to learn about the person who left those cells behind. In the past twenty-five years, researchers have made significant advances in all disciplines of science, including the study of genetics. As science has leapt forward, the effect on forensics has been remarkable. New knowledge of DNA has dramatically changed the amount of information available to forensic scientists at the scene of a crime, opening doors that were never open before.A rare first-person account that combines a journalist s skilled reporting with the raw emotion of a younger…
brother s heartfelt testimony of what his family endured after his eldest brother killed a man and was sentenced to life in prison At the age of nine Issac J Bailey saw his hero his eldest brother taken away in handcuffs not to return from prison for thirty-two years Bailey tells the story of their relationship and of his experience living in a family suffering from guilt and shame Drawing on sociological research as well as his expertise as a journalist he seeks to answer the crucial question of why Moochie and many other young black men including half of the ten boys in his own family end up in the criminal justice system What role do poverty race and faith play What effect does living in the South in the Bible Belt have And why is their experience understood as an acceptable trope for black men while white people who commit crimes are never seen in this generalized way My Brother Moochie provides a wide-ranging yet intensely intimate view of crime and incarceration in the United States and the devastating effects on the incarcerated their loved ones their victims and society as a whole It also offers hope for families caught in the incarceration trap though the Bailey family s lows have included prison and bearing the responsibility for multiple deaths their highs have included Harvard University the White House and a renewed sense of pride and understanding that presents a path forwardAgainst Prediction: Profiling, Policing, and Punishing in an Actuarial Age
By Bernard E. Harcourt. 2006
From random security checks at airports to the use of risk assessment in sentencing actuarial methods are being used…
more than ever to determine whom law enforcement officials target and punish And with the exception of racial profiling on our highways and streets most people favor these methods because they believe they re a more cost-effective way to fight crime In Against Prediction Bernard E Harcourt challenges this growing reliance on actuarial methods These prediction tools he demonstrates may in fact increase the overall amount of crime in society depending on the relative responsiveness of the profiled populations to heightened security They may also aggravate the difficulties that minorities already have obtaining work education and a better quality of life thus perpetuating the pattern of criminal behavior Ultimately Harcourt shows how the perceived success of actuarial methods has begun to distort our very conception of just punishment and to obscure alternate visions of social order In place of the actuarial he proposes instead a turn to randomization in punishment and policing The presumption Harcourt concludes should be against predictionThe Little Black Book of Innovation: Demystifying the Process of Innovation
By Scott D Anthony. 2012
Living with Insecurity in a Brazilian Favela
By R. Ben Penglase. 2014
The residents of Caxambu, a squatter neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro, live in a state of insecurity as they face…
urban violence Living with Insecurity in a Brazilian Favela examines how inequality, racism, drug trafficking, police brutality, and gang activities affect the daily lives of the people of Caxambu. Some Brazilians see these communities, known as favelas, as centers of drug trafficking that exist beyond the control of the state and threaten the rest of the city. For other Brazilians, favelas are symbols of economic inequality and racial exclusion. Ben Penglase's ethnography goes beyond these perspectives to look at how the people of Caxambu themselves experience violence Although the favela is often seen as a war zone, the residents are linked to each other through bonds of kinship and friendship. In addition, residents often take pride in homes and public spaces that they have built and used over generations. Penglase notes that despite poverty, their lives are not completely defined by illegal violence or deprivation. He argues that urban violence and a larger context of inequality create a social world that is deeply contradictory and ambivalent. The unpredictability and instability of daily experiences result in disagreements and tensions, but the residents also experience their neighborhood as a place of social intimacy. As a result, the social world of the neighborhood is both a place of danger and safety.Uncommon Service: An Introduction to the Four Fundamental Principles of Service Excellence
By Frances Frei, Anne Morriss. 2012
It’s Your World—if You Don’t Like It, Change It
By Mikki Halpin. 2004
You can change the world. Free Speech. Racism. The Environment. Gay Rights. Bullying and School Safety. Animal Welfare. War. Information…
about Safe Sex and Birth Control. Free Speech. HIV and AIDS. omen's Rights. These are the issues you care about-- and now you can do something about them. It's Your World will show you how to act on your beliefs, no matter what they are, and make a difference. The information inside includes: The basics of activism Activism projects and outreach ideas The 5-minute activist How to be an activist at home, at school, and in your community Stories from teenagers who have taken on the world -- and won Resources including books, movies, and Web sites and much, much more. Whether at home, in school, or in your community, you have the power and the ability to create change, even if you aren't old enough to vote. Don't wait until you're eighteen to flex your political muscles-- start right now!Mexico Is Not Colombia: Alternative Historical Analogies for Responding to the Challenge of Violent Drug-Trafficking Organizations, Supporting Case Studies
By Christopher Paul, Colin P. Clarke, Chad C. Serena. 2014
Despite the scope of the threat they pose to Mexico's security, violent drug-trafficking organizations are not well understood, and optimal…
strategies to combat them have not been identified. While there is no perfectly analogous case to Mexico's current security situation, historical case studies may offer lessons for policymakers as they cope with challenges related to violence and corruption in that country.Juvenile Delinquency: Pathways and Prevention
By Christopher A. Mallett, Miyuki Fukushima Tedor. 2019
Juvenile Delinquency: Pathways and Prevention explores the pivotal roles that family, trauma, mental health, and schools have on juvenile delinquency,…
while exploring opportunities for prevention and intervention. Authors Christopher A. Mallett and Miyuki Fukushima Tedor draw from years of experience working with juvenile offenders to shed light on the nature of delinquency and the diverse pathways to juvenile delinquency, while offering evidence-based techniques for preventing and rehabilitating youthful offenders. Clear explanations of the concepts and thought-provoking case studies move students beyond memorization—encouraging them to think critically about juvenile delinquency and make recommendations for better practices and policies.The Myth of the Born Criminal
By Jarkko Javala, Michael Maraun, Stephanie Griffiths. 2015
By some estimates, there are as many as twelve million psychopaths in the United States alone. Cold-blooded, remorseless, and strangely…
charismatic, they commit at least half of all serious and violent crimes. Supposedly, most serial killers are psychopaths, as, surprisngly, are large numbers of corporate executives. They seem to be an inescapable, and fascinating, threat in our midst.But is psychopathy a brain disorder, as many scientists now claim? Or is it just a reflection of modern society's deepest fears? The Myth of the Born Criminal offers the first comprehensive critique of the concept of psychopathy from the eighteenth-century origins of the born-criminal theory to the latest neuroimaging, behavioural genetics, and statistical studies. Jarkko Jalava, Stephanie Griffiths, and Michael Maraun use their expertise in neuropsychology, psychometrics, and criminology to dispel the myth that psychopathy is a biologically-based condition. Deconstructing the emotive language with which both research scientists and reporters describe the psychopaths among us, they explain how the idea of psychopathy offers a comforting neurobiological solution to the mystery of evil.A stunning merger of rigorous science and clear-sighted cultural analysis, The Myth of the Born Criminal is for anyone who wonders just what truth - or fiction - lurks behind the study of psychopathy.Criminal Justice Management: Theory and Practice in Justice-Centered Organizations
By Peter Collins, Mary Stohr. 2013
Criminal justice students and practitioners in criminal justice agencies know first-hand the value of effective management; they understand the vital…
need to develop organizations that meet the expectations of their community members, as well as those of their workers. Employing an innovative, student-friendly approach, this fully-updated second edition of Criminal Justice Management: Theory and Practice in Justice-Centered Organizations examines the complex subjects associated with operating justice-centered agencies. Authors Mary K. Stohr and Peter A. Collins interweave their comprehensive research with humor and personal anecdotes to make the study of criminal justice management accessible – and interesting – to students. Chapter exercises and study questions provide a springboard for lively class discussion, encouraging students to discover relevant applications for these provocative topics. Through its dedicated pedagogy, this text challenges readers to: initiate human relations management practices, develop and maintain strong ethical practices, provide support for the professional development of staff, use proactive, collaborative and shared responsibility forms of leadership, implement evidence-based best practices in agency programming, build strong bridges within an engaged and informed community. With an emphasis on putting theory into practice, Criminal Justice Management is an invaluable resource for the development of efficient, dynamic, and resourceful justice-centered agencies. It is perfect reading for criminal justice students, particularly those looking to enter a career in the criminal justice sector.New Directions in Crime and Deviancy
By Simon Winlow, Rowland Atkinson. 2012
Criminology is at a crossroads. In the last two decades it has largely failed to produce the kind of new…
intellectual frameworks and empirical data that might help us to explain the high levels of crime and interpersonal violence that beset inner city areas and corrode community life. Similarly, it has failed to adequately explain forms of antisocial behaviour that are just as much a part of life in corporate boardrooms as they are in the ghettos of north America and the sink estates of Britain. Criminology needs to rethink the problem of crime and re-engage its audience with strident theoretical analysis and powerful empirical data. In New Directions in Crime and Deviancy some of the world’s most talented and polemical critical criminologists come together to offer new ideas and new avenues for analysis. The book contains chapters that address a broad range of issues central to 21st century critical criminology: ecological issues and the new green criminology; the broad impact of neoliberalism upon our cultural and economic life; recent signs of political resistance and opposition; systemic and interpersonal forms of violence; growing fear and enmity in cities; the backlash against the women’s movement; the subjective pathology of the serial killer; computer hacking and so on. Based on key papers presented at the historic York Deviancy Conferences, this cutting-edge volume also contains important critical essays that address criminological research methods and the production of criminological knowledge. It is key reading material for those with an academic interest in critical, cultural and theoretical criminology, and crime and deviance more generally.An Introduction to Criminal Psychology
By Russil Durrant. 2013
Crime is a topic that is of considerable interest to policy-makers, politicians andthe public alike. We want to know what…
factors can explain the nature andprevalence of crime in society and use this knowledge to better develop approaches for managing criminal behaviour. This book provides a comprehensive overview of approaches to understanding crime and criminal behaviour, with a focus on psychological perspectives. A wide range of different types of criminal behaviour are considered, including juvenile crime, violent offending, sexual offending, collective violence and drug use. For each type of offence a clear overview of key conceptual and methodological issues is provided, along with a detailed consideration of the major theoretical approaches that have been developed. The book concludes by considering how our theoretical understanding of crime can inform our responses to criminal behaviour in terms of punishment, prevention and rehabilitation. Key features of the book include: • an in-depth coverage of a broad range of different types of criminal behaviour; • inclusion of a diverse range of different theoretical perspectives; • accessibly written, with extensive use of case studies, boxes and activities; • an extensive use of up-to-date references that highlight the current state of knowledge in the field of criminal psychology. This book should be of interest to students, academics, researchers and practitioners with an interest in criminal behaviour, and is particularly suitable for undergraduate courses in criminal psychology, forensic psychology and psychological criminology.Police Culture: Themes and Concepts
By Tom Cockcroft. 2013
Police culture has for over half a century attracted interest from academics, students, policy-makers, police institutions and the general public.…
However, the literature of this area has proven to be diverse, sprawling and prone to contradiction which has led to an enthralling yet intricate body of knowledge that, whilst continuing to provoke interest and debate, has largely escaped any wider commentary. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the area of police culture primarily by situating it in the context of the literature of organisational culture. From this starting point, the idea of police culture is developed as an occupationally-situated response to the uniqueness of the police role and one in which our understanding is, at times, hindered by the challenges of definitional, operational and analytical concerns. The book then charts the development of our understanding of the concept, through traditional explanations to the contemporary, highlighting in turn the tensions that exist between the elements of continuity in the police world and those of change. Police culture: themes and concepts draws on research from the 1950s to the 21st century from the UK, USA and elsewhere to show how the historical trajectory of police work from its early origins through to the late modern present have imbued it with a complexity that is undermined by deterministic explanations that seek to simplify the social world of the police officer. This book will be of interest to academics and students studying the sociology of policing as well as criminology.Delinquent Girls
By Leslie D. Leve, Shari Miller, Patricia K. Kerig. 1991
Traditionally, delinquent girls were considered an anomaly, a rare phenomenon attracting little scholarly notice. Today, more than one in four…
youth offenders is female, and researchers and practitioners alike are quickly turning their attention and resources to address this challenging situation. Delinquent Girls: Contexts, Relationships, and Adaptation synthesizes what is known about girls involved in delinquent behavior and their experiences at different points in the juvenile justice system. This breakthrough volume adds to the understanding of this population by offering empirical analysis not only of how these behaviors develop but also about what is being done to intervene. Employing multiple theoretical models, qualitative and quantitative data sources, law enforcement records, and insights across disciplines, leading scholars review causes and correlates; the roles of family and peers; psychological and legal issues; policy changes resulting in more arrests of young women; and evidence-based prevention and intervention strategies. Each chapter covers its subject in depth, providing theory, findings, and future directions. Important topics addressed include: Narrowing the gender gap - trends in girls' delinquency.Girls at the intersection of juvenile justice, criminal justice, and child welfare.Trauma exposure, mental health issues, and girls' delinquency.Beyond the stereotypes: girls in gangs.Intervention programs for at-risk and court-involved girls.Implications for practice and policy.With its broad scope and solution-oriented focus, Delinquent Girls: Contexts, Relationships, and Adaptation is a must-have volume for researchers, professionals, graduate students, and social policy experts in clinical child and school psychology, social work, juvenile justice, criminology, developmental psychology, and sociology.Preventing Lethal School Violence
By Jeffrey A. Daniels, Mary C. Bradley. 2011
Bullying. Gang assaults. Rampage shootings. School violence, especially when it turns deadly, has enduring social and psychological effects on students,…
faculty, staff, and the community. And though a great deal of research focuses on the significant role children's positive social development plays in reducing incidents of school violence, in-depth examinations of evidence-based preventive measures have remained minimal until now. With its focus on averting lethal school violence, this unique volume translates the prosocial findings into practicable preventive measures that can be put to use in school settings. Making expert use of news reports as well as scholarly data, Preventing Lethal School Violence clarifies the links between bullying and lethal violence and delineates typical characteristics of school shooters while cautioning against outright profiling. Students' awareness of self and others, strong connections with adults, and other social and ethical skills form the basis of a comprehensive, research-based model for reducingâand potentially eliminatingâlethal incidents at school. This accessible volume: Outlines the scope of school violence as a broader social problem. Summarizes current information on the traits common to students who commit lethal violence at school. Examines the relationship between bullying/cyberbullying and rampage incidents. Analyzes examples of successful prevention of violent acts and resolution of hostage situations. Describes in detail the concept of positive school climate and introduces the Safe School Communities Model. Synthesizes key research data into violence prevention skills for students, teachers, administrators, and all professionals working in schools. Preventing Lethal School Violence is a must-have resource for researchers and professionals in school psychology and allied education disciplines, including school administration, school counseling, and social work.Perceptions of Female Offenders
By Brenda Russell. 2013
Female offenders are often perceived as victims who commit crimes as a self-defense mechanism or as criminal deviants whose actions…
strayed from typical 'womanly' behavior. Such cultural norms for violence exist in our gendered society and there has been scholarly debate about how male and female offenders are perceived and how this perception leads to differential treatment in the criminal justice system. This debate is primarily based upon theories associated with stereotypes and social norms and how these prescriptive norms can influence both public and criminal justice response. Scholars in psychology, sociology, and criminology have found that female offenders are perceived differently than male offenders and this ultimately leads to differential treatment in the criminal justice system. This interdisciplinary book provides an evidence based approach of how female offenders are perceived in society and how this translates to differential treatment within the criminal justice system and explores the ramifications of such differences. Quite often perceptions of female offenders are at odds with research findings. This book will provide a comprehensive evidence-based review of the research that is valuable to laypersons, researchers, practitioners, advocates, treatment providers, lawyers, judges, and anyone interested in equality in the criminal justice system.Handbook of Juvenile Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry
By Elena L. Grigorenko. 2012
Juvenile justice centers have a long tradition as an unfortunate stop for young offenders who need mental health care. Reports…
estimate that as many as 70% of the youth in detention centers meet criteria for mental health disorders. As juvenile justice systems once again turn their focus from confinement to rehabilitation, mental health providers have major opportunities to inform and improve both practice and policy. The Handbook of Juvenile Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry explores these opportunities by emphasizing a developmental perspective, multifaceted assessment, and evidence-based practice in working with juvenile offenders. This comprehensive volume provides insights at virtually every intersection of mental health practice and juvenile justice, covering areas as wide-ranging as special populations, sentencing issues, educational and pharmacological interventions, family involvement, ethical issues, staff training concerns, and emerging challenges. Together, its chapters contain guidelines not only for changing the culture of detention but also preventing detention facilities from being the venue of choice in placing troubled youth. Key issues addressed in the Handbook include: Developmental risks for delinquency.Race and sex disparities in juvenile justice processing.Establishing standards of practice in juvenile forensic mental health assessment.Serving dually diagnosed youth in the juvenile justice system.PTSD among court-involved youth.Female juvenile offenders.Juvenile sex offenders.The Handbook of Juvenile Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry is an essential reference for researchers, professors, allied clinicians and professionals, and policy makers across multiple fields, including child and school psychology, child and adolescent psychiatry, developmental psychology, criminology, juvenile justice, forensic psychology, neuropsychology, social work, and education.