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Showing 656281 - 656300 of 1373933 items
First published in 1977. Ethics is the most practical branch of philosophy: its immediate concern is with people's actions. Yet…
most philosophers do little to relate ethics intelligibly to the human situation. In this inquiry into the nature of ethics, William Ash draws on the relevant works of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin to present the theory and practice of Marxist ethics. He offers an explanation of the moral aspect of Marx's dictum: 'The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways; the point, however, is to change it.‘ The book includes, perhaps for the first time in so considered a form, an assessment of Mao Tsetung's contribution to Marxist moral philosophy, together with the ethical implications of such developments in social practice as the Proletarian Cultural Revolution. The author deals with the question of value by analysing the concept of 'good'; with the question of claims on people and things by analysing the concept of 'right'; with the question of the limits and scope of freedom of choice and action by analysing the concept of 'ought'.’ Clearly written in order to 'de-mystify' the subject, the book challenges readers to test the author's enlightened, Marxist approach in terms of the ethical ordering of their own society.By L. Harrison Matthews. 1975
Originally published in 1975, Man and Wildlife traces the evolution of man from pre-hominid ancestors, and his influence in modifying…
the environment and its flora and fauna as technical knowledge grew. The development of civilization allowed man to dominate the environment; its advance led to the discovery and exploitation of the world’s resources. In spite of all the discoveries of science, man’s battle with the adverse forces of wildlife remain un-won and seems likely to stay so for the foreseeable future. The book traces the beginnings of environmental consciousness in the decades preceding its publication. It examines the extent of the human devastation of the environment, which has increased with rapid expansion of the world’s human population, and the belated efforts to halt the destruction and help wildlife preservation.By Royce Q. Shaw. 1979
This study challenges several widely held assumptions about Central American economic integration, arguing that the key to understanding the failure…
of the integration program lies in neither advanced economic nor regional integration theory, but in the domestic politics of the states involved. Thus, the author contends that the Common Market was not the cause of the balance-of-payments and balanced-growth crises in Central America; rather, domestic political forces were the major factor in the collapse of the market and the subsequent attempts at restructuring. Professor Shaw disputes the standard interpretations of the role of the technocrats in the integration process and demonstrates that the domestic political elites played an important role throughout. He also challenges the assumption that economic integration is always a force for conciliation, pointing out that the Common Market aggravated some of the conflicts that led to war between El Salvador and Honduras in 1969. Nor are integration programs among less developed countries necessarily instruments of political and social change, according to this analysis; on the contrary, political elites used the Common Market to bypass the internal economic reforms necessary for national development. This study incorporates new material—interview data and other primary source material—on events of the past eight years.By Bernard Schaffer. 1973
Originally published in 1973, the chapters in this volume tackle a wide range of problems arising from this process of…
modernization. The first section looks at the discussion of ideas and theories about administration in the nineteenth century, when some organizational ideology became firmly-rooted and went unquestioned for many years. These chapters also examine the inevitable questions of reform and major reorganization which later arose in the United States, Britain and elsewhere. The second section moves on from the theory and practice of administrative structures to some consideration of practical problems within organizations, problems of personnel and administrative method. Management questions of staff conditions and careers and job differentiation are examined, and the Fulton report on reform in such areas is discussed. The final group of chapters looks at a variety of substantive issues such as defence and civil-military relations, the advent of independence from colonial government, development policies and development administration. Two major themes emerge. One concerns the extent to which administrative organizations are instruments to be used or institutions which exercise an almost autonomous control over our lives; to what extent is public policy translated into real terms by the institutions concerned? The second theme is concerned with the impact of institution on people, both in terms of broad policy and programmes and in practical, day-to-day communication across the counter between rank-and-file bureaucrat and the ordinary citizen.By Donald E. Nuechterlein. 1979
Many scholars have ignored the concept of ‘national interest†simply because no logical, systematic means of dealing with this key…
aspect of international politics has been available. A new approach to defining national interest forms the basis for this study of presidential decisions on U.S. involvement in foreign wars. Professor Nuechterlein looks at various crisis situations to determine what defense, economic, world order, and ideological interests are at stake; he identifies sixteen cost/risk and value factors that affect the U.S. view of which interest is most vital in a given situation. In any dispute, it is the interest that is considered vital—too important to compromise—that is the key element in crisis decisions. Professor Nuechterlein uses his analytical framework to examine the ways Presidents Wilson, Roosevelt, Truman, Johnson, and Nixon perceived the national interest when making their decisions to begin or extend U.S. war involvement. He assesses the value of National Security Council participation in the decision-making process and presents case-study analyses of three imminent U.S. foreign policy concerns—Quebec’s possible separation from Canada, the Panama Canal Treaty, and the potential for race war in South Africa—with an epilogue on the challenges facing Carter. The author suggests that the most important U.S. national interest in the future will be economic, with energy conservation a top priority.By Robert Gosling. 1967
This book describes the experiences of the Family Discussion Bureau in setting up short residential training courses for social case…
workers. It discusses that a psychiatrist can use small group methods as a vehicle for making institutional personnel from the penal system receptive to new ideas.By C. E. Joad. 1921
Originally published in 1921, this book makes philosophical ethics accessible to the non-philosopher and applies them to problems of everyday…
life. The author maintains that morality is the rationalization of the impulse to blame and emphases the importance of impulses. He illustrates how modern society conspires to suppress impulses and restrict their operation.By Louis Henkin. 1979
This book analyzes the evolution of the idea of human rights, the "universalization" of human rights as reflected in the…
spread of "constitutionalism" to almost all states. It focuses on the conditions that must exist if the rights of men and women are to be more secure in the future.By Amber Blanco White. 1949
Originally published in 1949, this book examines the problems of morals in the light of science and philosophy and is…
addressed to those who do not accept revelation as the sanction for morality. The book discusses the individual, and in particular the origin and nature of conscience as well as society and communal codes of behaviour.By Bruce London. 1980
This qualitative study of the relationships between one primate city, Bangkok, and its hinterland, the Thai nation, breaks new ground…
in general sociological theory, redirects the study of city-hinterland relationships, and presents an interpretation of Thai political history that departs significantly from conventional analyses. Professor London fBy Daniel G.E. Hall. 1922
First published in 1922, this volume constitutes the first attempt yet made to trace the story of English intercourse with…
Burma from its origins in the 16th century to the middle of the 18th, framed by the period from the opening to the final years of the Syriam factory. Daniel G.E. Hall sought to fill a gap in the literature for students of British enterprise in the East, drawing out the progress of Burma from a commercially unviable backwater to arguably the richest province in resources of the British empire in India.Originally published in 1937. This book is ‘an account of the special training necessary for the young boy or girl…
in letter-making and simple reading’. The book uses ‘Basic English’, the 850 words of which are included specifically for reference, as a suggested starting point for the teaching of reading and writing, and presents a system for teachers to teach letters by pictures. The order of the letters in the main section of the book is from simplest form to most difficult with a later section showing them in alphabetical order. This is a superb insight into educational history and a fascinating early explanation of a now common method.Published in 1900, this book provides a companion volume to the Zulu Kafir Language and the English Zulu Dictionary. Including…
a dictionary and examples of language structure and grammar, this book makes Zulu accessible to all levels of learner.Originally published in 1973 The Law Courts of Medieval England looks at law courts as the most developed institutions existing…
in the medieval times. Communities crystallized upon them and the governments worked through them. This book describes the scope and procedures of the different courts, appointment of the judges, the beginnings of civil and criminal courts, the origin of the jury system and other aspects of the modern legal system. It is all shown by an analysis of actual reports of court cases of the time, giving a vivid picture of the life of the English people as well as of the ways of the professional lawyers, no less intricate than they are today.By Bettina S. Hurni. 1980
This pilot study - the first to analyze the World Bank’s lending policy in the Second United Nations Development Decade…
- concentrates on the Bank’s shift in emphasis from traditional infrastructure projects to “new style†projects, especially in the area of rural development, and on the resulting changes in lending criteria in the 1970s. Basing her conclusions on two years of independent research and access to confidential materials, Dr. Hurni evaluates the World Bank’s work; gives a good overall view of current development problems - including implementation of the “growth with equity†strategy - and their possible solutions; shows the effects of the new development goals in borrower and creditor countries, as well as on the institutional decision-making process; and offers recommendations for improvement of the Bank’s evaluation methodology and operational structures. She presents a clear picture of the positive and negative aspects of the World Bank as a multilateral investment model and shows its bridge-building function in the great North-South controversy.By William H. Overholt. 1979
This book analyzes Brazil's foreign relations, politics, domestic economy, international economic relations, and relations with multinational corporations. It identifies the…
balance-of-payments crisis in the late 1970s as the key to Brazil's economic and political future.By Holland Hunter. 1979
Where will the Soviet economy be heading in the 1980s? How is the economy likely to react to slowed growth…
in the labor force and increased pressure for supplies of energy and raw materials? This volume, growing out of papers prepared for the October 1977 national conference of the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, offers an integrated exposition of these issues. The authors use historical evidence and macroeconometric models of the Soviet economy as bases from which to view the future, assessing the possible results of the interaction between Soviet policy and potential developments.By Sidney Webb, Beatrice Webb. 1910
First published in 1910, this volume is a dispassionate analysis of the changes in and the various aspects of official…
policy towards pauperism from the ‘Revolution of 1834’ to the Majority and Minority Reports of 1909. In their preface to this volume the Webbs wrote: "What obscured the history was the manner in which masses of heterogeneous facts were heaped together. To read, one after another, these complicated Orders and lengthy Reports, each dealing with all kinds of paupers and various methods of relief, was but to accumulate confusion. They resembled a heap of geological conglomerates which could not be assayed until they had been broken up in such a way as to sort the different materials into separate homogeneous parcels". This book succeeds in presenting a masterly survey of this sector of the British social services on the eve of the foundation of the Welfare State, and completes the corpus of the Webbs on the Poor Law.Originally published in 1962, the second volume of how the psychological structure of German politics evolved deals with the age…
of monarchical absolutism and intellectual enlightenment, i.e. the last one and a half centuries of the Roman-German Empire. It traces the political principles which inspired the leading statesmen, the advocates of reforms and their adversaries, as well as the various social groups. This is a history of ideal and ideologies, of public opinions and of the ideas which a people holds of itself and other peoples and vice versa. It paved the way for an unprejudiced view of nations by comparing their thought and actions under comparable circumstances and investigating parallels and differences from a sociological point of view.First published in 1931. The Problem of Federalism provides a comprehensive and critical survey of the historical development and practical…
application of the idea of federalism as a form of state organisation. The author explores federal ideas from the eighteenth- up until the early twentieth-century. This extensive study will be useful to students of politics and philosophy.